To Kill a Monolith: Slaying the Demons of a Monolith with Node.js Microservices on CloudFoundry. Tony Erwin,

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1 To Kill a Monolith: Slaying the Demons of a Monolith with Node.js Microservices on CloudFoundry Tony Erwin, aerwin@us.ibm.com

2 Agenda Origins of the Bluemix UI Demons of the Monolith Slaying Demons with a Microservices Architecture New Demons to Slay

3 Bluemix UI Origins as a Monolith Serves as front-end to Bluemix (IBM s open cloud offering) Lets users create, view, and manage CF resources, containers, virtual servers, user accounts, billing/usage, etc. Runs on top of Bluemix PaaS Layer (CloudFoundry) Started as single-page application (SPA) to provide desktop-like experience in the browser All HTML, CSS, and JavaScript loaded within single web page Served from a single Java app State-of-the-art not all that long ago Dojo + J2EE was the most common stack in IBM when Bluemix UI dev started (~4 years ago) SPA still popular (AngularJS, Ember.js etc.)

4 Bluemix UI Many Components Home Resource Details Dashboard Users Catalog Billing And More! 4

5 Monolithic Architecture Bluemix UI (Client) Home Catalog Dashboard Resource Details Account Cloud Foundry Bluemix UI Server (Java) DB/2 Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, Billing, Authentication, etc.)

6 Demons of the Monolith Bad performance Heavy weight JavaScript loaded to browser is slow Volume of client-initiated AJAX requests creates bottlenecks Difficult to integrate code from other teams (especially when they use different stacks) Have to push whole product even for small changes Poor SEO New hires want nothing to do with Dojo

7 Bluemix UI Microservices Architecture

8 Weapons of Microservices Aids migration to more modern, lighter-weight stack without starting over Improves performance with small services optimized for speed and page size Increases developer productivity with less chance of breaking other parts of the product Loosely-coupled services can deploy at their own schedule Teams use stack of their choosing Teams don t have to wait on others Leads to improved SEO Proxy facilitates clean URLs Server side generation results in crawlable content Improves cross-team UI consistency via microservice composition

9 Microservice Pattern Bluemix UI (Client) HTML CSS JavaScript (Vanilla, Polymer.js, React, Angular) UI microservice: Written with Node.js Serves lightweight HTML, CSS, JS (simplest approach that works) Uses server-side templating (Dust.js) to make as much data available to the client as possible for fast rendering & SEO Invokes Common Header microservice to get HTML for shared header to include in initial payload Consults shared session store for user token, etc. Leverages backend APIs and/or API microservices as appropriate Cloud Foundry Common Header Proxy Node.js (w/ Dust.js) API Microservice Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, BSS, MCCP, etc.)

10 Page Composition w/ Microservices Common header inline Microservice combined

Account Cloud Foundry Delivered Feb 2015

proxy (alongside Java code) Leveraged two

shared session NoSQL DB for data storage

Bluemix UI Server (Monolith) DB/2 Session

11 Migration, Phase 1 Bluemix UI (Client) Catalog Dashboard Resource Details Account Cloud Foundry Delivered Feb 2015 Introduced proxy layer to route requests to different services based on URL path Added three microservices behind the proxy (alongside Java code) Leveraged two additional CF services: Data Cache for shared session NoSQL DB for data storage Common Header Home Proxy Solutions Bluemix UI Server (Monolith) DB/2 Session Store NoSQL DB Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, BSS, MCCP, etc.)

Dashboard Resource Details Java Server (Monolith) DB/2 Session Store

12 Migration, Phase 2 Bluemix UI (Client) Account Cloud Foundry Proxy Delivered Feb %+ of migration complete Common Home Catalog Dashboard Resource Details Java Server (Monolith) DB/2 Session Store Monitoring Framework NoSQL DB Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, BSS, MCCP, etc.)

Cloud Bluemix Foundry PaaS Common Proxy Home Catalog Pricing Dashboard Orgs/ Spaces

13 Migration End Goal Bluemix UI (Client) More or less current state in production, except for: Java app for certain APIs still exists Small amount of legacy Dojo code Cloud Bluemix Foundry PaaS Common Proxy Home Catalog Pricing Dashboard Orgs/ Spaces Session Store NoSQL DB Monitoring Framework Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, BSS, MCCP, etc.)

14 Plugin Architecture Bluemix UI (Client) Cloud Bluemix Foundry PaaS Proxy Watson Internet of Things Common Home Catalog Pricing Dashboard Orgs/ Spaces OpenWhisk Mobile Containers Backend APIs (CF, Containers, VMs, BSS, MCCP, etc.) Monitoring Framework Roughly 15 teams outside of the core UI team plugin via the proxy to look and behave like one large product

15 New Demons to Slay

16 New Demons to Slay More moving parts, more complexity Build pipeline becomes all the more important Collecting federated status, monitoring health of the system Granularity of microservices vs. memory allocation Monolith: 3 instances of Java app = 6 GB New console: ~27 apps, ~95 instances, ~55.5 GB Seamless navigation with existing monolith Blue-green deployments Promoting uniformity & consistency while still giving teams freedom Geo-load balancing and failover Taking lessons learned with resiliency in one Cloud Foundry deployment and applying globally across several

Importance of Monitoring We quickly learned that you can t run a microservice-based system without monitoring Lots of things can go wrong Root cause determination can be difficult Examples of needed

17 Importance of Monitoring We quickly learned that you can t run a microservice-based system without monitoring Lots of things can go wrong Root cause determination can be difficult Examples of needed metrics: Data for every inbound/outbound request for every microservice Response time Response code Memory usage, CPU usage, and uptime for every microservice General health of ourselves and dependencies Synthetic page load data with Sitespeed.io & WebPageTest

18 Global Load Balancing Across CF Bluemix UI (with all of its microservices) is available for our 4 public regions: Dallas, London, Frankfurt, and Sydney UI deployed in each region has its own URL (console.<region>.bluemix.net) pointing at the proxy shown in previous slides If a region goes down due to CF issue, networking, etc. any user of that region can t access the UI to manage their resources If CF down (for example) there are still a lot of non-cf resources the user may want to manage Currently rolling out what we call global console One global URL (console.bluemix.net) UI region switcher filters the current view rather than redirect to different URL Use Dyn geo load balancing to serve UI from the nearest healthy region If healthcheck in a region shows a problem, Dyn routes to the next closest healthy region Odds of all four regions being down at the same time much less than one region being down so, user much less likely to experience down time

19 The End Questions? Tony Erwin See also presentation later this week: Monitoring Node.js Microservices on CloudFoundry with Open Source Tools and a Shoestring Budget

August, HPE Propel Microservices & Jumpstart

August, HPE Propel Microservices & Jumpstart August, 2016 HPE Propel s & Jumpstart Jumpstart Value Quickly build modern web applications Single page application Modular microservices architecture app generator Modularity provides better upgradeability