On the Change in Archivability of Websites Over Time
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1 Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Computer Science Presentations Computer Science On the Change in Archivability of Websites Over Time Mat Kelly Old Dominion University Justin F. Brunelle Michele C. Weigle Old Dominion University, Michael L. Nelson Old Dominion University, Follow this and additional works at: computerscience_presentations Part of the Archival Science Commons Recommended Citation Kelly, Mat; Brunelle, Justin F.; Weigle, Michele C.; and Nelson, Michael L., "On the Change in Archivability of Websites Over Time" (2013). Computer Science Presentations. Book This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Computer Science at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Computer Science Presentations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact
2 On the Change in Archivability of Websites Over Time Mat Kelly, Justin F. Brunelle, Michele C. Weigle, and Michael L. Nelson Old Dominion University 1
3 Preserving Web Pages Identify page content needed for re-render Save page contents HTML, Images, CSS, JavaScript Rewrite inter-resource references for replay From M. Klein, J. F. Brunelle, WADL
4 Ease of Archiving HTML text-based, references other resources Images CSS JavaScript EXAMPLE <html><body> <img src= meatball-logo.png /> </body></html> 3
5 Ease of Archiving HTML Images binary data, no embedded URIs CSS JavaScript EXAMPLE 4
6 Ease of Archiving HTML Images CSS text-based, references other resources JavaScript EXAMPLE body { margin: 5px; color: black; background-image: url( outerspace.png ); } 5
7 Ease of Archiving HTML Images CSS JavaScript text-based, references other resources, URIs (not necessarily known until runtime) EXAMPLE $.ajax({ url: meatball-logo +. + png ; //build logo URI at runtime }); 6
8 Ease of Archiving HTML Images CSS JavaScript text-based, references other resources, URIs (not necessarily known until runtime) EXAMPLE $.ajax({ url: wormlogo +. + png ; //build logo URI at runtime }); 7
9 BIG Problem JavaScript meant for browser Capable of JS Execution Crawlers only recently became capable of exec Crawlers getting smarter at extracting URIs Nowhere near perfect 8
10 Identifying Missing Resources Sometimes missing resources are subtle From Live Web From Internet Archive Apr. 30,
11 Identifying Missing Resources Archived version not interactive & resources are missing From Live Web From Internet Archive Apr. 30,
12 Identifying Missing Resources Other times, a failed AJAX call prevents other resources from loading YouTube (2011) in archives with failed Ajax call 11
13 Why JavaScript makes it difficult Same JS Code Different Agents Different functionality functionality1() functionality2() functionality3() Archival crawlers don t interpret DOM, are made for capture and thus faster (Recent versions) Interprets JavaScript Enabled pages w/ JS to be archived better! 12
14 JavaScript and Accessibility Content displaying should not be dependent on script execution secti n U.S. Government g u i d e l i n e s required to comply with accessibility standards Content should be available to crawler w/o JS Therefore, government sites are better preserved Right? 13
15 If not Accessible then not Archivable NASA.gov in Internet Archive,
16 Finding out where NASA went wrong nasa.gov in 1996 Step 1 Query Archives nasa.gov in 1997 nasa.gov in 2012 Step 2 Capture Webkit Modern rendering Browser-like JS behavior DOM HTTP Requests for resources.jp Screenshot g of Web page 15
17 NASA.gov over time
18 NASA.gov over time
19 Does this apply to popular sites? Alexa s Top 10 websites Alexa Rank Web Site Name 1 Facebook.co m 2 Google.com 3 YouTube.com 4 Yahoo.com 5 Baidu.com 6 Wikipedia.org 7 Live.org 8 Amazon.com 9 QQ.com 10 Twitter.com 18
20 Does this apply to popular sites? Alexa s Top 10 websites No Mementos robots.txt exclusion prevents crawl Alexa Rank Web Site Name 1 Facebook.co m 2 Google.com 3 YouTube.com 4 Yahoo.com 5 Baidu.com 6 Wikipedia.org 7 Live.org 8 Amazon.com 9 QQ.com 10 Twitter.com 19
21 Does this apply to popular sites? Alexa Rank Web Site Name Sampled Mementos 1 Facebook.com No memento robots.txt exclusion 2 Google.com 15 mementos 1998 to YouTube.com 7 mementos 2006 to Yahoo.com 16 mementos 1997 to Baidu.com No memento robots.txt exclusion 6 Wikipedia.org 12 mementos 2001 to Live.org 15 mementos 1999 to Amazon.com 14 mementos 1999 to QQ.com 15 mementos 1998 to Twitter.com No memento robots.txt exclusion all thumbnails at: 20
22 Case Study with Ajax emphasis: Alexa Rank Web Site Name YouTube Sampled Mementos 1 Facebook.com No memento robots.txt exclusion 2 Google.com 15 mementos 1998 to YouTube.com 7 mementos 2006 to Yahoo.com 16 mementos 1997 to Baidu.com No memento robots.txt exclusion 6 Wikipedia.org 12 mementos 2001 to Live.org 15 mementos 1999 to Amazon.com 14 mementos 1999 to QQ.com 15 mementos 1998 to Twitter.com No memento robots.txt exclusion 21
23 Ajax s Effects on the Archivability of Recently Viewed content missing YouTube 2006 YouTube.com from Internet Archive 22
24 Ajax s Effects on the Archivability of YouTube Recently Viewed content missing How much of this is because of JavaScript? 2006 YouTube.com from Internet Archive 23
25 YouTube as captured without JavaScript capability Titles fetched with JavaScript Primary content (preview) still missing 2006 YouTube.com from Internet Archive 24
26 Dependent Loading of Resources GET mg.com/yt/cssbin/www-core-vfl_ojqfg.css 404 (Not Found) GET mg.com/yt/jsbin/www-core-vfl8pdcre.js 404 (Not Found) Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'ajax' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught ReferenceError: _gel is not defined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined GET mg.com/vi/1f7neszdqvc/default.jpg 404 (Not Found) YouTube
27 Dependent Loading of Resources GET mg.com/yt/cssbin/www-core-vfl_ojqfg.css 404 (Not Found) GET mg.com/yt/jsbin/www-core-vfl8pdcre.js 404 (Not Found) Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'ajax' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught ReferenceError: _gel is not defined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined GET mg.com/vi/1f7neszdqvc/default.jpg 404 (Not Found) YouTube Missing CSS Missing JS Missing JSdependent resources 26
28 Dependent Loading of Resources GET mg.com/yt/cssbin/www-core-vfl_ojqfg.css 404 (Not Found) GET mg.com/yt/jsbin/www-core-vfl8pdcre.js 404 (Not Found) Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'ajax' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught ReferenceError: _gel is not defined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined GET mg.com/vi/1f7neszdqvc/default.jpg 404 (Not Found) YouTube Missing CSS Missing JS Missing JSdependent resources 27
29 Dependent Loading of Resources GET mg.com/yt/cssbin/www-core-vfl_ojqfg.css 404 (Not Found) GET mg.com/yt/jsbin/www-core-vfl8pdcre.js 404 (Not Found) Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'ajax' of undefined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught ReferenceError: _gel is not defined Uncaught TypeError: Object #<Object> has no method 'setconfig' Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'home' of undefined GET mg.com/vi/1f7neszdqvc/default.jpg 404 (Not Found) YouTube Missing CSS Missing JS Missing JSdependent resources 28
30 Live Web Leaks Into Archive Via Javascript 29
31 Sept 3, see: 30
32 Stepping Back, NASA 1999 Few embedded resources Little to no JavaScript If some, not Ajax No resources dependent on JavaScript 31
33 Stepping Back, NASA 2003 Content requires JS Accessibility goes awry Archivability decreases var fstr = ''; if(hasflash(6)) { fstr+='<object id="screenreader.swf">...</object>'; window.status = 'Flash 6 Detected...'; } else { fstr+='...to view the enhanced version of NASA.gov, you must have Flash 6 installed...'; } with(document) { open('text/html'); write(fstr); close(); } 32
34 Stepping Back, NASA JS check removed Content is Accessible Archivability Goes Up Accessibility Archivability 33
35 Reinforcing Case: Wikipedia
36 Summary Javascript: good for interaction, bad for archiving crawlers miss URIs at crawl time rendering yesterday's pages causes them to reach into today's web Different trends of archivability over time: YouTube: bad-->worse NASA: good-->bad-->good Wikipedia: good see all: Overall, archivability is getting worse 24% increase in missing embedded resources from due to Javascript 35
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