Leveraging Executable Language Engineering for Domain-Specific Transformation Languages (Position Paper)

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1 Leveraging Executable Language Engineering for Domain-Specific Transformation Languages (Position Paper) EXE 2016, Saint-Malo, France Erwan Bousse 1 Manuel Wimmer 1 Wieland Schwinger 2 Elisabeth Kapsammer 2 1 TU Wien, Austria 2 JKU Linz, Austria October 3, 2016 Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 1/10

2 Observations Domain Specific Transformation Language (DSTL) = model transformation language tailored for specific tasks (eg. strings renaming, code generation) DSTLs more and more common: Two papers on DSTLs at ICMT 16 in a dedicated Model Transformation Languages session This year TTC 16 use case: data-flow based DSTL Increasing need for methods to develop DSTLs Progress in executable Domain-Specific Modeling language (xdsml) engineering: Generic syntactic services (eg. editors using Xtext or Sirius) Generic runtime services (eg. debugger using GEMOC studio) Easier and easier to obtain a tool-supported xdsml Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 2/10

3 Observations Domain Specific Transformation Language (DSTL) = model transformation language tailored for specific tasks (eg. strings renaming, code generation) DSTLs more and more common: Two papers on DSTLs at ICMT 16 in a dedicated Model Transformation Languages session This year TTC 16 use case: data-flow based DSTL Increasing need for methods to develop DSTLs Progress in executable Domain-Specific Modeling language (xdsml) engineering: Generic syntactic services (eg. editors using Xtext or Sirius) Generic runtime services (eg. debugger using GEMOC studio) Easier and easier to obtain a tool-supported xdsml Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 2/10

4 Observations Domain Specific Transformation Language (DSTL) = model transformation language tailored for specific tasks (eg. strings renaming, code generation) DSTLs more and more common: Two papers on DSTLs at ICMT 16 in a dedicated Model Transformation Languages session This year TTC 16 use case: data-flow based DSTL Increasing need for methods to develop DSTLs Progress in executable Domain-Specific Modeling language (xdsml) engineering: Generic syntactic services (eg. editors using Xtext or Sirius) Generic runtime services (eg. debugger using GEMOC studio) Easier and easier to obtain a tool-supported xdsml Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 2/10

5 Questions Is it possible to apply techniques from xdsml engineering to define DSTLs? How are xdsmls and DSTLs related? Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 3/10

6 Questions Is it possible to apply techniques from xdsml engineering to define DSTLs? How are xdsmls and DSTLs related? Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 3/10

7 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

8 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Petri net model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

9 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 p3 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

10 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

11 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

12 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax Operational semantics transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Execution transformation rules (summarized) State Metamodel place 1 PlaceState +tokens: int : run(net) while there is an enabled : while transition, there is an fires enabled it. transition, fires it. : fire(transition) removes a token from : removes each a token Place from and each adds a token Place, to each and adds a token Place. to each Place. init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

13 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax Operational semantics transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Execution transformation rules (summarized) State Metamodel place 1 PlaceState +tokens: int : run(net) while there is an enabled : while transition, there is an fires enabled it. transition, fires it. : fire(transition) removes a token from : removes each a token Place from and each adds a token Place, to each and adds a token Place. to each Place. init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model initialization p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 Executed model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

14 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax Operational semantics transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Execution transformation rules (summarized) State Metamodel place 1 PlaceState +tokens: int : run(net) while there is an enabled : while transition, there is an fires enabled it. transition, fires it. : fire(transition) removes a token from : removes each a token Place from and each adds a token Place, to each and adds a token Place. to each Place. init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model initialization p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 Executed model (t1 fired) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

15 Example of Petri nets xdsml and model Abstract Syntax Operational semantics transitions Transition Net Place places +initialtokens: int Execution transformation rules (summarized) State Metamodel place 1 PlaceState +tokens: int : run(net) while there is an enabled : while transition, there is an fires enabled it. transition, fires it. : fire(transition) removes a token from : removes each a token Place from and each adds a token Place, to each and adds a token Place. to each Place. init=1 init=0 init=0 p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 init=1 Petri net model initialization p1 t1 p3 t2 p4 p2 Executed model (t1 fired) (t2 fired) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 4/10

16 Generalizing xdsmls xdsml Parameter metamodel Execution transformation State metamodel Abstract syntax Model transformation Model Parameter model Executable model Execution state data flow depends on / uses Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 5/10

17 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

18 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

19 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

20 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

21 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

22 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation Rule rules MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

23 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass eclass 1 EObject Model type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation transformation 1 rules Rule State metamodel (partial) currentrule 0..1 TransformationState Execution transformation rules (partial) Operational semantics : run(transformation) while there is enabled : applies transition, all the fires rules it. oves apply(rule) a token from each : while Place there and is a adds match, a token applies to the each rule on the Place. match MiniTL model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

24 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass eclass 1 EObject Model type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation transformation 1 rules Rule State metamodel (partial) currentrule 0..1 TransformationState Execution transformation rules (partial) Operational semantics : run(transformation) while there is enabled : applies transition, all the fires rules it. oves apply(rule) a token from each : while Place there and is a adds match, a token applies to the each rule on the Place. match MiniTL model initialization Output model Executed model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

25 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass eclass 1 EObject Model type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation transformation 1 rules Rule State metamodel (partial) currentrule 0..1 TransformationState Execution transformation rules (partial) Operational semantics : run(transformation) while there is enabled : applies transition, all the fires rules it. oves apply(rule) a token from each : while Place there and is a adds match, a token applies to the each rule on the Place. match :B y = "1_out" MiniTL model initialization Output model Executed model (AToB app.) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

26 Example of MiniTL DSTL and model Ecore (partial) EClass eclass 1 EObject Model type 1 Abstract Syntax (partial) ObjectTemplate Transformation transformation 1 rules Rule State metamodel (partial) currentrule 0..1 TransformationState Execution transformation rules (partial) Operational semantics : run(transformation) while there is enabled : applies transition, all the fires rules it. oves apply(rule) a token from each : while Place there and is a adds match, a token applies to the each rule on the Place. match :B y = "1_out" :B MiniTL model initialization y = "2_out" Output model Executed model (AToB app.) (AToB app.) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 6/10

27 Generalizing DSTLs as specific xdsmls Metamodeling language Types (EClass, ERef.,...) DSTL Transformation engine Engine state metamodel Parameter metamodel Parameter model State metamodel Execution state Instances (EObject) Input model Abstract syntax Model transformation Output and state Engine State Output model Executable model Model transformation Model Input metamodel Transformation and metamodels Output metamodel data flow depends on / uses Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 7/10

28 Research directions Experiment with generic and generative approaches for DSTL engineering: Reuse xdsml engineering approaches, eg. getting a debugger for free for a given DSTL Define/adapt new generic approaches for DSTL engineering Evaluate the implications of DSTL specificities : eg. can we generate a usable/relevant debugger using generic approaches? DSTLs as case studies for xdsml engineering (cf. TTC 16) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 8/10

29 Research directions Experiment with generic and generative approaches for DSTL engineering: Reuse xdsml engineering approaches, eg. getting a debugger for free for a given DSTL Define/adapt new generic approaches for DSTL engineering Evaluate the implications of DSTL specificities : eg. can we generate a usable/relevant debugger using generic approaches? DSTLs as case studies for xdsml engineering (cf. TTC 16) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 8/10

30 Research directions Experiment with generic and generative approaches for DSTL engineering: Reuse xdsml engineering approaches, eg. getting a debugger for free for a given DSTL Define/adapt new generic approaches for DSTL engineering Evaluate the implications of DSTL specificities : eg. can we generate a usable/relevant debugger using generic approaches? DSTLs as case studies for xdsml engineering (cf. TTC 16) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 8/10

31 Conclusion and future work Just an observation: DSTLs are a sort of xdsmls, complex and with interesting characteristics Prospects: Future work Use state of the art xdsml engineering for DSTL engineering? Consider DSTLs as nice case studies for model execution? Short term: Experiment (more) xdsml engineering on some transformation languages, eg. MiniTL Long term: analyse a DSTL to automatically provide it with a white-box testing framework (test model generation, coverage metrics, fault localization, etc.) Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 9/10

32 Appendix Done! Thank you! Implementation of MiniTL example: Contact: Research project: TETRA Box: we have funding and an open position for a PhD student! Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 10/10

33 Appendix Generalisation of Metamodel-specific DSTLs DSTL specific to M1 and M2 Input metamodel M1 Transformation engine Execution state metamodel Engine state metamodel Output metamodel M2 Abstract syntax State and Input model Model transformation Engine state Output model Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 10/10

34 Appendix Screenshot of MiniTL debugging session Bousse, Wimmer, Schwinger, Kapsammer Leveraging Executable Lang. Engineering for DSTLs 10/10

Create and Play your PacMan Game with the GEMOC Studio

Create and Play your PacMan Game with the GEMOC Studio Dorian Leroy 1 Erwan Bousse 2 Manuel Wimmer 2 Benoit Combemale 3 Wieland Schwinger 1 1 JKU Linz 2 TU Wien 3 University of Toulouse (UT2J) September