Discover Robotics & Programming CURRICULUM SAMPLE

Transcription

1 OOUTLINE 5 POINTS FOR EDP Yellow Level Overview Robotics incorporates mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science - all of which deal with the design, construction, operation and application of robots. The world of robotics is vast and provides endless possibilities! Robotics Level 1 introduces the hardware used for RiQ including The Brain microcontroller and DC motors. Program The Brain of RiQ using the Cortex programming environment in the following projects. Learn the basics of motor control through an introduction to the language and logic used by computers. Skills & Learning Objectives Card 1: RiQ: Introduction to fischertechnik and PCS Robotics: The Brain and Cortex Build with fischertechnik manipulatives and start basic programming with The Brain in Cortex software. Card 2: Cortex, New Project, New User, Save and Bluetooth Connectivity Create a new project and new user as you write and save your first program. Card 3: Motor Commands: ON and ON FOR Learn motor control and adjust the motors on RiQ. Card 4: Motor Controls: SET PWR and MOTOR polarity More advanced motor commands are added to your programming skill set. End Design Project / EDP * Now that you understand basic motor control, demonstrate your mastery by programming RiQ to draw a recognizable shape using the Engineering Design Process; plan your program, test and modify until it works. The only criteria for your drawing is that a peer or instructor can look at the shape and quickly identify it! * After completing the skills and activities on cards 1-4, return to this final project to test the knowledge you ve gained throughout the yellow level.

2 OOUTLINE Common Core: ELA-LITERACY.WHST B Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant, accurate data and evidence that demonstrate an understanding of the topic or text, using credible sources. CCSS.Math.Practice.MP1 Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them. CCSS.Math.Practice.MP5 Use appropriate tools strategically. CCSS.Math.Practice.MP7 Look for and make use of structure. 21st Century Skills: Working in Teams Thinking Creatively Using Clear Communication Next Generation Science Standards: MS-ETS1 (A, B, and C) Engineering Design 1. Identify and define authentic problems and significant questions for investigation. 2. Plan and manage activities to develop a solution or complete a project. 3. Collect and analyze data to identify solutions and/or make informed decisions. Habits of Mind: Striving for accuracy Applying past knowledge to new situations Persisting Mastery Based Assessment: Point values are clearly stated by project and instructors will verify and reinforce student understanding as follows: 1. Student demonstrates the successfully completed activity. 2. Student verbally explains the process they used to accomplish the activity. 3. Instructor challenges student to explain real world applications.

3 1CARD Card 1 Overview RiQ: Introduction to fischertechnik and The Brain A robot must be mechanical, electrical and programmable to be autonomous. Learn about these with: RiQ s construction, function and layout, The Brain microcontroller and the DC motors that drive RiQ. P1 Build RiQ and get familiar with fischertechnik manipulatives Learn the mechanical components of RiQ the robot using fischertechnik building manipulatives. The step-by-step build plans are in the LABCard packet. Have Fun! ON/OFF SWITCH When The Brain switch is turned ON with a power source connected, it will be able to use DC and servo motors. Try switching RiQ on yourself! RUN/STOP Pressing this button will run the program stored in The Brain s temporary memory or will interrupt a program that is running. Press to see if there is already a program saved on The Brain. RESTART This button will reset The Brain. Use this button if the program is not responding properly or to reset the microcontroller. If a previous program is saved on The Brain, press this button to reset. LIGHTS ON THE BRAIN The lights that flash on The Brain represent different things. Look at the image below for details. SENSOR Ports (8) Ports 6 & 7 are only INPUT Bluetooth DONGLE USB Port The Brain SERVO MOTOR Ports (4) Power Connector! ON/OFF Switch RUN/STOP Button RESET Button Bluetooth DONGLE Connector DC MOTOR Ports (4) Bluetooth dongle must be removed when using the USB cable!

4 1CARD P2 The Brain! The Brain microcontroller is what allows RiQ to be programmed to be autonomous. Robots use microcontrollers, like The Brain, to control the different mechanical parts of the robot. Green light: Brain POWER ON. Connected to a power source such as USB or battery. Blue light: Receive data The Brain Green light: DC motor ON THISWAY (+) Red light: DC motor ON THATWAY (-) Purple light: Servo motor is ON Red light: Blue light (under dongle): Transmit data Program is executing [D8 on Arduino board] Yellow light: (for geeks only) LED on Digital Port 13 is wired for the classic arduino "blink" test program. DC motor port D shares this pin and will cause it to light when running positive polarity. Check for Understanding How do you connect DC motors to The Brain? C1 C2 DP Key Terms DC Motors There are DC motor ports located on The Brain. Look at RiQ and identify which cable will be driving the left DC motor and which will be driving the right (follow your cables to the attached motors). Are the cables plugged in the same way on each DC motor? If not, what might happen? Potential Power Source Turn off the ON/OFF switch on RiQ and plug the USB cord into the computer and The Brain. What happens?? * IMPORTANT! The USB alone will power The Brain, but does not have enough power to run any motors/sensors. Don t forget to remove the dongle if you are using the USB. Redesign RiQ Design a new way to build RiQ using only the parts in the kit, so that RiQ will still function in a similar manner. Be creative and don t be afraid to fail! Autonomous - Acting independently or having the freedom to do so. RiQ Robot - (Robotic Intelligence Quotient) Personable, fun and entertaining robot capable of performing any task you can imagine. fischertechnik - Building manipulatives included with RiQ. Microcontroller - A small computer with memory, a processor and input/output (I/O). The Brain - A microcontroller that runs programs created in Cortex. DC Motor - An electric motor that is powered by a Direct Current (DC). The speed and direction of a DC motor is determined by the direction and intensity of the electric current going through it. Program - A set of instructions that performs a certain function. How many DC motor and sensor ports are there on The Brain? How do you provide power to The Brain?

5 2CARD 5 POINTS Card 2 Overview Cortex, New Project, New User and Bluetooth A computer program is a set of instructions you create for a computer to follow. The Brain is a small computer and is programmed using Cortex, the programming software where instructions or procedures are created to instruct The Brain. P1 Using Cortex for the first time! Open the Cortex programming environment by clicking on the Cortex icon. If you need help troubleshooting with the Cortex, please refer to The Userguide. Create a profile by clicking New User. Create a new program by clicking on the New button. Located on the left side of the screen are the command tab icons. These colored tabs contain the different Cortex commands, organized by category. Motor Commands Procedure Commands Sensor Commands Logical Operators and Commands Miscellaneous Commands MAIN starts every program, and END completes programs. The beginning of each program will look like this. Every program must have these two commands. The MAIN command represents the start of a program, while the END command represents the end of a program. Connect The Brain to the computer/tablet using either The Bluetooth device A USB cable (Always remove BT Dongle when using a USB cable) Activate the popup window by clicking on the status tab at the bottom of the screen, and identify the Connected to Brain status icon found in Cortex, in the lower left corner of the screen. This icon will change according to the current status of The Brain. The Brain not connected to Cortex. Cortex and The Brain connected. Cortex has been linked to The Brain, and is preparing to upload a program. Cortex is searching for a connection to The Brain. Cortex is writing the program to The Brain, a progress bar accompanies this icon. Clicking on the status icon prompts the computer to reestablish a connection with The Brain.

6 2CARD P2 Enabling Bluetooth To connect The Brain/RiQ to your computer or tablet via Bluetooth, first connect the bluetooth dongle, remove the USB and enable the Bluetooth setting on the machine (tablet, desktop or laptop) you are running Cortex. If your device does not have Bluetooth capabilities, skip this project. * DO NOT use the USB cable when connecting via bluetooth, or visa versa. Windows/Mac/Android Go to Control Panel: Devices & Printers; Add Bluetooth device Device will search for PCS PT Pair the device using Code: 1234 ios Remove the BLE dongle from The Brain and note the number on the back of the dongle. Reinsert BLE dongle. Launch the Cortex and login with your user information. Click on the status tab icon to open the status bar window at the bottom of your screen. Click on the BLE icon in the lower left hand corner of the Status window. Select the correct number, e.g. PCS-BLE-007, from the list of displayed dongles. This number needs to match the number you noted in step 1. Your status window should update and show LINKED as the new status. You are connected and ready to program. * If you cannot connect your Brain, refer to the troubleshooting page in the Brain and Cortex Userguide Check for Understanding How do you create a new user profile in Cortex? C1 C2 DP How do you create a new program in Cortex? Key Terms Switch Connections Connect RiQ using Bluetooth and USB, one at a time. While the USB alone will power The Brain, it is insufficient to power any motors/sensors. Be sure that The Brain is connected to a battery and turned ON. * Remember, the dongle must be removed when using the USB cable. Practice navigating Cortex Close out of any open projects. Navigate to the main menu of Cortex, select your profile, and open a New Project. * This is how you create all new projects with RiQ. Using commands in Cortex Become familiar with the functions of commands by attaching several from the colored command tabs to MAIN. Drag sections of code to manage and change the order of the icons. Delete a few items by dragging them to the trash icon in the top right of the workspace (the trash icon only appears when icons are being dragged). You do not need to know the purpose of each command. This will familiarize you with the drag & drop procedure. Cortex - Computer programming environment where instructions can be created to instruct the microcontroller. MAIN - The MAIN command is equivalent to the start of a program in The Cortex. END - A command that indicates the end of a program. What is the difference between using a USB cable and using Bluetooth with RiQ?

7 3CARD 5 POINTS Card 3 Overview MOTOR Commands: ON and ON FOR The first step to programming is to write a procedure. A procedure is a list of commands that when followed, result in a desired outcome. Learn to use Cortex and the different commands to create a program for RiQ to follow and perform different tasks. P1 MOTOR(s) and ON To program motors, first identify each motor. The name of each motor is the port it is plugged into (ie. the MOTOR plugged into port A is named MOTOR A). In Cortex, open the MOTOR commands by clicking on the orange command tab in the upper left corner. Click and drag the MOTOR ABCD command out onto the user canvas and place between the MAIN and END commands. This allows commands to control RiQ s DC motors. Be sure that the two motors are plugged into DC MOTOR ports A and B on The Brain for this program. Click on the MOTOR command, and a dialogue box will open where you can choose which motors to control. Select MOTORs A and B. In the orange motor command tab, scroll down to find the ON command and drag into the user canvas. Create this program by clicking and dragging the MOTOR and ON commands onto the user canvas and placing them between the MAIN and END commands. All programs are being interpreted by RiQ from the top of the program after the MAIN command through the END command at the bottom. MOTORs need to be identified in a command before they can follow directions. Open the status bar at the bottom and click COMPILE, to send it to the brain. Once it is finished compiling, click RUN. This program turns ON MOTORs A and B. Watch the lights on the ports of motor A and B, they flash green, indicating that the motors are operating. Why do you suppose the motor does not run longer? The program ends too quickly for the motors to do any real work. In order to tell them how long to remain on, they must be given a specific amount of time to run.

8 3CARD P2 ON FOR and NUMber fun! Remove the ON command from your previous program and drop it in the trashcan that appears when you drag a command to the upper right hand corner of the canvas. Open the MOTOR command tab and click and drag the ON FOR command onto the user canvas in place of the ON command. The ON FOR command has an arm extending off its side like many commands in the Cortex. This signifies that there is additional information required for the command to function. In the blue SENSOR command tab find the NUM (number) variable. Number is a value that can be adjusted up or down by selecting the value inside. Attach the NUM (number) to the ON FOR. Notice that the picture shows NUM 10. Double click on the NUM command to adjust the value to 10. A value of 10 equals 1 second, NUM indicates time in tenths of a second. Check for Understanding Create this program. This program tells both MOTORs A and B to run for NUM 10 (one second). As before, compile and run your program. Check your progress on the status bar! The motors should run for 1 second! If set up on the floor, RiQ should either roll forward, backward or spin for 1 second. Try experimenting with different NUM values and remember to compile each time the program is changed! How long does the ON FOR command tell the MOTORs to run when a NUM command with a value of 20 is attached? C1 C2 DP Key Terms 10 Second Dash or Spin Program RiQ s motors to run for 10 seconds using the ON FOR and MOTOR commands. Remember a NUM value of 10 equals 1 second. Turn RiQ Program RiQ to turn 90 degrees, by running just 1 MOTOR. Determine exactly how long to run the 1 MOTOR in order to get a 90 degree turn. Try for a 180 degree turn as well. Does it take exactly twice as long? Take RiQ For a Walk Create a program for RiQ that turns ON 1 MOTOR, then the other for an equal amount of time, repeating this 2 times. Only 1 MOTOR should be ON at a time, as if RiQ were taking steps. Each wheel should drive 2 separate times. MOTOR - A command which selects MOTORs. ON - A command that causes a MOTOR to turn ON until the program ends. ON FOR - A command that allows a MOTOR to turn ON with an undefined time limit. NUM - A command that defines a numerical value. What color tab contains the command ON FOR? What commands are used to control 2 motors simultaneously?

9 4CARD 5 POINTS Card 4 Overview MOTOR Controls, SET PWR and Motor Polarity Being able to turn on the motors is different than being able to direct and control RiQ. DC motors are great tools and have lots of applications; knowing how to use and program them is a great skill to have when working with robots. Learn to tune the settings of RiQ s DC motors and take even more control. P1 Changing the Motor Polarity The motor cable plugs attach into the sockets of the fischertechnik motors on the back side. There are 3 ways of connecting the plugs: Top holes of the motor Back holes of the motor Side holes of the motor Create the program shown left. Compile and run the program once, then switch the holes the red and black cables are plugged into for each motor. This changes the polarity (the direction electrons are flowing through the motor, and therefore the direction of the motor). Run this program Note the direction RiQ travels (spin left or right, drive forward or back) Now switch the red and black cables on a single motor, and run the program again What changed about the direction of RiQ? Change the cables of both motors so that RiQ drives forward. P2 MOTORs Speed with SET PWR Motors default to run at 100% power. In order to specify the percentage of power, the SET PWR (set power) command must be used. This is helpful since each DC motor is a bit different. Open the orange MOTOR commands tab and drag the SET PWR command onto the user canvas to create the program below using the new SET PWR command. The SET PWR command is found under the orange MOTOR command tab. To adjust the power, click on the SET PWR command in the canvas and use the slider to change the power. Project continues on next page...

10 4CARD P2 C1 continued... Place SET PWR beneath a MOTOR command to change its speed (the default setting for MOTORs is 100% power). Do this by recreating the program shown to the right. Now compile and run the program. Notice that MOTOR A is now moving slowly. Meanwhile, MOTOR B is still running at the default 100% power. This method is used to adjust the power output of all DC operators (motors in this case) when using Cortex. Some things to know about DC motors No motors can operate at more than 100% Not all motors will rotate at the same speed when set to 100% The default setting for all DC motors in Cortex is 100% Straight Line Program RiQ to drive 60cm in a straight line. Adjust the power on 1 MOTOR and (if needed) the polarity of 1 or both motors to allow RiQ to move as straight as possible. Check for Understanding How do you create a program in Cortex? What new commands did you use in this level? C2 DP Key Terms Circle RiQ Program RiQ to drive in 1 complete circle with a radius between 15 and 30cm. RiQ should start and end in the same place. * Hint: You will probably need to adjust the speed on at least 1 motor for this. Make RiQs First Polygon Now that you have taught RiQ to drive perfectly straight and curve, program RiQ to draw (using the pen & holder) a closed shape with at least 1 straight and 1 curved line. Challenge yourself to include more sides and/or trickier angles. Do this as efficiently as possible. * Hint: To rotate the RiQ bot, program only 1 motor to move forward. Polarity - The direction of current flow, which is why your motor changes direction when you change your motor cables. SET PWR - Sets power level on selected MOTORs. Global command, so MOTORs are set at that power until otherwise specified. Radius - The distance from a center of a circle to the edge. If the RiQ robot s wheels are running in opposite directions, what should you check?