2. Arrow Rectangle Ellipse (Oval)...42 D. Copy a Selected Text Select Text Copy a Certain Text...43 E.

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1 Tables of Contents The Use of Word Processing on Preparing Teaching and Learning Mathematics...3 Chapter INTRODUCTION...5 A. Rational...5 B. Aims and Expected Outcomes...5 C. Scope of Subject...6 D. Strategies/Activities...6 Chapter SYMBOLS IN MICROSOFT WORD...7 A. Getting Started The Outline of Microsoft Word Using Microsoft Office Getting Started in Microsoft Word The Outline of Microsoft Word Using Microsoft Office B. The Standard Toolbar Recognize the Toolbar Some of Functions of Commonly Used Buttons provided by Computer (computer default shortcut)...11 C. Copy a Selected Text Select Text Copy a Certain Text...13 D. The Formatting Toolbar...13 E. Getting Symbols and Their Utilization Using the Provided Symbols Creating Your Own Shortcut...18 Chapter EQUATION EDITOR...20 A. What is Equation Editor...20 B. Main parts of Equation Editor...21 C. Getting Started Typing the Equation Entering Symbols Entering Templates...25 D. More about Palette on Equation Editor Toolbar...27 E. More about Template on Equation Editor Toolbar...29 F. Equation Editor Menu Style Menu Size Menu...35 Chapter DRAWING...36 A. Drawing Toolbar...36 B. Drawing Canvas...39 C. Getting Started: Drawing Simple Figure Line...41

2 2. Arrow Rectangle Ellipse (Oval)...42 D. Copy a Selected Text Select Text Copy a Certain Text...43 E. AutoShapes Lines Connectors Basic Shapes Block Arrows Flowchart Stars and Banners Callout...47 F. Coloring Figures Fill Color Line Color...50 G. Text Box...50 H. Reshape a shape...51 I. USING DRAW COMMAND Merging/Grouping and Breaking Back to the Initial Drawing Objects Order Rotate or Flip Grid Align or Distribute Edit Points...62 J. DRAWING OF GEOMETRICAL SHAPES Utilizing Arc Drawing a Line Parallel to a Given Line Drawing a Line Perpendicular to the Given Line, through a Point outside or on the Given Line Drawing a Perpendicular Bisector of a Line Segment Drawing an Angle Bisector Drawing a Solid...68 References...72

3 The Use of Word Processing on Preparing Teaching and Learning Mathematics Al. Krismanto, M.Sc.

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5 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION A. Rational One of the many popular word processors is Microsoft Word. Reality on employment shows that Microsoft Word is used primarily for writing documents relating to the administration office or in the documents that can be written using manual type writer. The programs provided by the application in Microsoft Word, for example the use of mathematical symbols in Microsoft Word, i.e. "Symbol" and Equation Editor and Drawing facilities are rarely used, even by Mathematics teachers. Microsoft Word has a very useful companion tool for both mathematics instruction in elementary and$ secondary education. The device application is very much beneficial for teachers of Mathematics. Because it was so helpful for Mathematics teachers both in learning process and in preparing teaching materials for students, it s desirable that teachers competence in using the features of Microsoft Word. For this purpose, one of the subjects in the training "Utilization IT-BASED DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING Mathematics" conducted by QITEP accommodate features of Microsoft Word: Symbols, Equation Editor and Drawing. For this purpose, basically the trainee considered to have a good understanding of the use of Microsoft Word for writing ordinary documents. For those who have experience using these features (Symbols, Equation Editor, and Drawing) are expected to share their experience to the other participants. B. Aims and Expected Outcomes Aims: 1. To provide secondary school mathematics teachers the opportunity to understand the principles of utilization Microsoft Word features in mathematics learning

6 2. To enhance competences of secondary school mathematics teachers in developing features of Microsoft Word in mathematics learning materials Outcomes: At the end of the course participants should: 1. Understanding and being able to use word processing software to write mathematics learning material, especially using Symbols, Equation Editor, and Drawing facilities. 2. Understanding and being able to prepare and create learning material presentation. C. Scope of Subject The scope of this subject are the utilization of some important part of Microsoft Word, i.e.: 1. Symbols 2. Equation Editor 3. Drawing D. Strategies/Activities The course will run in a bit presentation and discussion, and mostly on doing assignments (practicing).

7 Chapter 2 SYMBOLS IN MICROSOFT WORD Problem In preparing materials on teaching secondary school mathematics, besides the common text in the documents, there are many mathematics symbols used, e.g.:,,, π,, , x = b ± 2 b 4 c 2a. In some cases, teachers need to provide materials which consist of figures, e.g.: Y y = x 2 E H F G P O X A D B C How do we write those symbols rapidly? How do we draw the geometrical figures clearly to facilitate student learning? Microsoft Word (MsWord; symbol: ) can overcome those problems, helping teachers to provide relevant materials. MsWord is facilitated with some supporting program for mathematics: Symbols, Equation Editors, and Drawing. Drawing facility can be used to draw graph of functions, geometrical shapes, ornament, tessellations, and most of the other figures needed in secondary school mathematics. A. Getting Started 1. The Outline of Microsoft Word Using Microsoft Office 2003 (The following part can be jumped by participant who familiar with Microsoft Word.) There some techniques to activate Microsoft Word. If you often use Microsoft Word on your computer, it is better for you to display Microsoft Word s icon, W, on the screen. By clicking this icon, Microsoft Word then be activated. It means that the new blank document is ready for used.

8 If the icon has not displayed, then after the computer ready to start (is on) then click, then click icon W. The window of the new blank document is now ready for used. If a copy of an existing document exist, then a new blank document, an existing document or other new task, it could be done using one of the following steps: (1) On the File menu, click New (2) In the New Document task pane, under New, click (chose one of the following: Blank document, XML document, Web page, message, From existing document). If you want to work from a copy of an existing document: Click the document you want to create a new document from. If you want to open a document that was saved in a different folder, locate and open the folder Click Create New, otherwise you can just click Blank document displayed on the toolbar. This document is created in the folder that contains the original document. The outline of the window when you use Microsoft Office 2003 is as follow: ❶Menu bar ❷Menu command ❸Toolbar ❹Button The menu displays a list of commands. Some of these commands have images next to them so you can quickly associate the command with the image. Most

9 menus are located on the menu bar, which is the toolbar at the top of the screen. Toolbars can contain buttons, menus, or a combination of both. 2. Getting Started in Microsoft Word 2007 When you first start some of the programs in 2007 Microsoft Office system, you may be surprised by what you see. The menus and toolbars in some programs have been replaced with the Ribbon, which is part of the Microsoft Office Fluent user interface. The Ribbon as it appears in Microsoft Office Word 2007 The Ribbon is designed to help you quickly find the commands that you need to complete a task. Commands are organized in logical groups, which are collected together under tabs. Each tab relates to a type of activity, such as writing or laying out a page. To reduce clutter, some tabs are shown only when needed. For example, the Picture Tools tab is shown only when a picture is selected. On this paper basically we use Microsoft Office Anyone who uses Microsoft Office 2007 has to accommodate oneself. 3. The Outline of Microsoft Word Using Microsoft Office 2003 The main menus on Microsoft Word 2003 are: File, Edit, View, Format, Tools, Table, Windows, and Help To display the list of commands (submenu), click on menu bar. The submenus of File and Edit are shown on the following figures.

10 . If in case as you click a certain menu then there appear a symbol, it means that you have not seen all of the submenus. Click on that symbol and you will see all of the submenus included there. Task 1: Try to get the submenus of the other menu. B. The Standard Toolbar 1. Recognize the Toolbar When you click View, point out Toolbars, then click Standard, then in front of standard will appear, and the you will see all of the icons/button displayed there. The Standard toolbar is activated. But if you click the symbol, it will disappear and so the Standard Toolbar then is not visible. This entire toolbar could become a floating window by double-clicking on the control bar at the far left end of this toolbar. That gives the following window, which can be placed anywhere on the screen:

11 This toolbar can be restored to its original position by clicking in the gray bar at the top and dragging it back to the top of the screen. Push the top of the window up to the bottom of the menu bar. To function the command you can just clik the related icon. Some times you can used combination of keyboard buttons. Forinstance, on selecting all of your active document, instead of click on the first characters and block it untill the end of the charaters on the document, on the keyboard you can just hold Ctrl button and press A button, then all part of your document has been selected. We call it using shortcut. The above shortcut is simbolized by Ctrl + A 2. Some of Functions of Commonly Used Buttons provided by Computer (computer default shortcut) Icon Keyboard Function Ctrl + N Ctrl + O Ctrl + S Ctrl + P F7 Ctrl + X Ctrl + C Ctrl + V Alt + Backspace Creates a new blank document based on the default template Opens or finds a file Saves the active file with its current file name, location and file format Prints the active file - for more print options go to the File menu and select Print Spelling, grammar and writing style checker Cut - Removes the selection from the document and places it on the clipboard Copy Copies the selected item(s) to the clipboard Paste - Places the content of the clipboard at the insertion point Format painter - Copies the format from a selected object or text and applies to other objects or text

12 Icon Keyboard Function Alt + Shift + Backspace Ctrl + K Undo - Reverses the last command, use pulldown menu to undo several steps Redo - Reverses the action of the Undo button, use the pull-down menu to redo several steps Example: To open a saved document, click (1) Click File, click, or (2) Click button on the toolbar, or (3) Press Ctrl + O (Means press Ctrl and O at once, or press Ctrl, hold it, then press O ) C. Copy a Selected Text 1. Select Text To copy a part of a document, a selected text has to be chosen. Some ways can be used to choose text, part of document. e.g.: (i) To select all part of a document, use Ctrl + A. Selected text indicated by changing the text into white text on the black background.. (ii) To select some row of text, put the pointer on the left of left-margin. The pointer will change into, Click, the mouse. The text along the pointed row will change into white text on the black background. Drag the pointer until the end of row you want to select. (iii) To select just some words, click the mouse on the left of text you want to select, drag to the right, and release on the right of selected text. or:

13 Click the mouse on the left of text you want to select, press Shift, click on the right of selected text 2. Copy a Certain Text To copy a part of a document, a selected text has to be chosen. (i) Select text. (ii) Press (iii) Press Ctrl + C or On the Standard toolbar click Copy button Ctrl + V or On the Standard toolbar click Paste button. To copy a selected text, commonly used for a small part of text, after select text then press Ctrl, place the pointer on the selected text. The pointer will change into. Drag the selected text, release it on the location you have determined earlier. D. The Formatting Toolbar The basic Formatting Toolbar is as follow: The following is explanation of sum of them and some others that are not provided on the toolbar but frequently used on wring mathematics expression. Icon Keyboard Description Styles of formatting documents (click on to choose) Chose font, in this case Times New Roman Ctrl + B Ctrl + I Ctrl + U Font Size (click on to choose) Bold. Change to bold style of a chosen text Italic. Change to Italic style of a chosen text Underline. Add underline along a chosen text

14 Icon Keyboard Description Ctrl + Shift + D Ctrl + Shift + W (= Ctrl + L Ctrl + E Ctrl + R Ctrl + J Ctrl + + Ctrl + Shift + + = ) Double-Underline.Double underlying along a chosen text Word Underline. Underline along each of word along a chosen text Strikethrough. Strikethrough along a chosen text Doble-Strikethrough. Double-Srikethroug along a chosen text Columns. Arrange the number of column (for all part of document or jut for a chosen part of page) Align Left Center Allign Right Justified (align left and right of whole document or selected paragraph. xxx uppercase (to normalize once more Ctrl + + ) ( + = Shift + + = ) Ctrl + + = xxxx lowercase (to normalize once more Ctrl + + = ) Example: x 2 + y 2 could be typed in the following steps: Procedure 1 1) Type x2 + y2 2) Block the number 2 of x2. Result: x2 + y2 3) Hold. Ctrl + +. Results x 2 + y2 4) Block number 2 of the y2 on x 2 + y2 Results x2 + y2 5) Hold. 6) Hold. Ctrl + +. Results x 2 + y 2 Ctrl + +. (normal cursor)

15 Procedure 2 (1) Type x (2) Hold. smaller. Ctrl + + Cursor will shrink and cursor will go upward, be (3) Type the number 2. Result: x 2 (the cursor will be smaller than normal, placed here). (4) Hold. Ctrl + + Cursor will return to normal. (5) Type +. Last result: x 2 + (6) Type y, look: x2 + y (7) Hold. Ctrl + +. Cursor will shrink and go upward.. (8) Type the number 2 will resulting x 2 + y 2 (9) Hold. Ctrl + +. Cursor will return to normal. Procedure 3 (If icon/button available on the toolbar) 1) Type x 2) Click on the toolbar; the cursor will shrink and go upward. 3) Type the number 2. Result: x 2 4) Click on the toolbar, the cursor will return to normal. 5) Type +. Result: x 2 + 6) Type y. Result: x2 + y 7) Click on the toolbar; the cursor will shrink and go upward.. 8) Type the number 2. Result: x 2 + y 2 9) Click on the toolbar, the cursor will return to normal.

16 E. Getting Symbols and Their Utilization 1. Using the Provided Symbols Let we will type the following expressions A (B C) = (A B) C A (B C) = (A B) C A (B C) = (A B) (A C) A (B C) = (A B) (A C) How do you type it effectively? First question is how to find or create the symbols and. Second question is how do we type those expressions efficiently and effectively? On typing document which contain mathematical expressions and symbols using Microsoft Word we need to pay attention to several things. Among others, relating to rules of good writing that has been standardized and effective and efficient use of symbols which are owned Microsoft Word. Throughout the mathematical sense does not lead to confusion, the symbols and other agreements conform to the grammar written is good and true. For example, symbol should not be replaced with the letter "x" ( is a multiplication symbol, but the letter x is not a multiplication symbol, even if you use Arial font: X), and the negative symbol " " should not be replaced with a hyphen "-". Example Written To mean Supposed written to minus X times x X x x times x x x There are many mathematics and science symbols provided, e.g.: α, β,,,,,,, and, but its not visible before you call them. They are included

17 in a group of symbols among the other icons or buttons on the toolbar.. This button/icon is not appears unless you insert it To insert a certain symbol, i.e., do the following steps. (1) Click on the Insert menu. (2) Click Symbols (3) On Symbols panel, choose which is located in a field Font, a kind of font that include, that is Symbol font. (4) Click on the Symbols panel. (5) Click Insert. The symbol will be inserted on the chosen location. (6) Click. Note: If is provided on the toolbar, the first two steps can be done just by click.

18 2. Creating Your Own Shortcut Shortcut key is a function key or key combination, such as F5 or Ctrl + A, that you use to carry out a menu command. In contrast, an access key is a key combination, such as Alt + F, that moves the focus to a menu, command, or control. You can assign a shortcut key. For instance, you will use Alt + A to mean inserting α. Here is one of the procedures. (1)Click Insert menu. (2) Click Symbols (3) On Symbols panel, choose Symbol font which is located in the field Font. (4) In the Categories box, click α. The character will be changed to. (5) Click Shortcut Key on the panel The cursor will twinkle on the box (6) Hold on the Alt button and press A, then release the holding. You will see the following part of panel on the following figure: The [unassigned] indicates that the combination of Alt button and A button has not used yet. Always look at Currently assigned to to see if the shortcut key combination is already assigned to a command or other item. If so, select another combination.

19 (7) Click. Then will move to the box of as the following figure: (8) Click.on panel. (9) Click on Symbol panel. If in case you want to write α, it is enough that you use combination keys Alt + A. If in case you want to have some shortcut keys, after you do step (8), the window will back to situation finishing step (3). Do steps (4) - (8) for each of other combination keys you want to make shortcut key. If you finish them, do the last step: (9). If you want to remove this shortcut key: (1) Do the first four steps above. (2) Click Shortcut Key (3) Click on the box of (4) Click (5) Click Example To write A (B C) = (A B) (A C), firstly you have to prepare shortcut keys for and. For instance you use Alt + N. for, and Alt + U for.. Then press these following keys subsequently: A Alt + N. ( B Alt + U. C ) + = ( A Alt + N B ) Alt + U ( A Alt + N. C ) Task 2

20 Chapter 3 EQUATION EDITOR A. What is Equation Editor As mention in Chapter 1, if we will write a mathematical phrase, e.g , b ± x = 2 b 4 c, you can not use just common typing in Microsoft Word, even 2a using symbols provided, but it will easily type using Equation Editor, one of supporting program in Microsoft Office. Equation Editor, a special version of the MathType equation editor from Design Science, Inc., is customized for use with Microsoft applications. Using Equation Editor, you can build complex equations by picking symbols from a toolbar and typing variables and numbers. As you build an equation, Equation Editor automatically adjusts font sizes, spacing, and formatting in keeping with mathematical typesetting conventions. You can also adjust formatting as you work and redefine the automatic styles. Equation Editor is a formula editor (a name for a computer program that is used to typeset mathematical works or formulae.) developed by Design Science that allows users to construct math and science equations. Equation Editor was developed by Design Science and is included in all Microsoft Office versions and several other commercial applications. Although it is often called Microsoft Equation Editor, the actual product is a simplified version or subset of a more capable equation editing application called MathType. It is of Design Science MathType. It can be used as a standalone program or it can also be used from within applications that support OLE (Object Linking and Embedding) as an embedded object. Its feature set has not changed significantly since its introduction in Word for Windows, version 2.0.

21 For many basic and intermediate uses, Equation Editor is all you need - it's more than capable if all you need to do is show or print equations in your presentations or documents. Equation Editor is an extremely powerful tool for teachers and students. The tool lets you build equations by picking symbols from a toolbar, as well as by typing numbers and variables. As you build an equation, Equation Editor automatically adjusts font sizes, spacing, and formatting. You can also adjust formatting as you work and redefine the automatic styles. In this paper we use Equation version 3.0 in Microsoft Word B. Main parts of Equation Editor The icon of Equation Editor is. In the normal window, this icon is not displayed. To activate it you can choose one of the following procedures: Procedure 1 (1) click Insert (2) click Object (3) On Create New click Microsoft Equation Editor 3.0 Procedure 2 If icon is displayed on the toolbar, just click this icon. To display in order can be used any time, follow this procedure.

22 (1) Click View menu. (2) Put the pointer on Toolbars. (3) Click Customize. On the screen will be displayed a panel (4) Activate Commands. (5) On Categories choose/click Insert and on the Commands find Equation Editor button. (6) Drag and put/insert it on the toolbar. If you click, the Equation Editor exist. On the screen will be displayed two main parts of Equation Editor component: (1) main slot, in which you insert all part of expressions (2) Equation Editor toolbar You have to insert what you want to express inside the slot (1), working area of Equation Editor. The inserting character could be all alphabet, figures, and symbols on the keyboard, and all symbols included on the top of the Equation Editor Toolbar. The top row of the Equation Editor Toolbar has buttons for inserting more than 150 mathematical symbols, many of which are not available in the standard Symbol font. To insert a symbol in an equation, click a button on the top row of the toolbar, and then click the specific symbol from the palette that appears under the button. A palette is a grouping of related symbols and templates that appear when you click a button on the Equation Editor Toolbar. The symbol palettes can be considered simply an extension of your keyboard. Choosing a symbol inserts it into your equation in the same way that pressing a key inserts a character. The template palettes insert formatted collections of symbols and empty slots. To construct an equation, you simply insert templates and then enter expressions in their slots.

23 The bottom row of the Equation Editor toolbar has buttons for inserting templates (also called frameworks) that contain such symbols as fractions, radicals, summations, integrals, products, matrices, and various fences, or matching pairs of symbols, such s brackets and braces. A template is a formatted collection of symbols and empty slots. You build expressions by inserting templates and then filling in their slots. When you insert a template, the insertion point moves to the slot you are most likely to use first - known as the primary slot. You can insert templates into the slots of other templates to create complex hierarchical formulas. Many templates contain slots, which are spaces for you to type text and insert symbols. About 120 available templates are grouped on palettes. You can nest templates, which means you can insert templates in the slots of other templates, to build complex hierarchical formulas. Technically, the first row contains things that you want to insert, excluded all characters that you can get from keyboard. The second row contains such special rooms (e.g.: room provided for fraction, room provided for root of a number), in which inserting elements will be inserted. Example 1: To write 32? 45 If the Equation Editor button has been provided on the toolbar, bring the cursor on the location you want to place the equation. Click to activate Equation Editor. Then on the main insertion point will appear on the screen. Here are the alternative of the next steps. Procedure 1 (1) Click the radical ( ) button from the template. (2) Choose/Click a fraction button ( ) from the template. (3) Type 32 from the keyboard.

24 (4) Cclick on the slot which represents the denominator of the fraction. (5) Type 45 from the keyboard.. (6) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area Procedure 2 (1) Choose a fraction button ( ) from the template. (2) Type 32 from the keyboard. (3) Click on the denumerator part of the fraction. (4) Type 45 from the keyboard. (5) Select the fraction by one of the following techniques: Press Ctrl + A. The whole part of fraction are selected, or:. click in front of the fraction, hold Shift key, then tab to the right. The whole part of fraction are selected. Release (6) Choose a radical fraction button ( ) from the template (7) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area Example 2: To write x = b ± 2 b 4 ac 2a Start to activate Equation Editor. Then on the main slot do the following: (1) Type "x=" from the keyboard (2) Choose a fraction from the template. (3) Type "-b" from the keyboard. (4) Select ± ("plus or minus") from the palette. (5) Select a radical from the palette. (6) Type "b" from the keyboard. (7) Select the superscript from the palette. (8) Type a "2". from the keyboard. (9) Tab to come down a level, and type "-4ac" from keyboard..

25 (10) Tab 3 times to move to the denominator (or click on the slot which represents the denominator of the fraction), and type "2a". (11) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area C. Getting Started 1. Typing the Equation To enter the equation, just start typing. All keyboard characters can be entered directly. (Parentheses, brackets and braces can be entered from the keyboard, but these are fixed in size. Brackets that will "grow" must be selected from the appropriate template). 2. Entering Symbols The first row of Equation Editor Toolbar consists of 10 palettes. Each palette consists of various numbers of symbols. The symbols printed on the buttons provide a clue to the characters available under each button. To select an item from a symbol palette, click on the palette button, and then click on the desired character. 3. Entering Templates The second row of palette buttons is template palettes. They provide place holders for entering information. For example is subscript and superscript template. It provides a number of subscript and superscript palettes. The palette contains templates for fractions and radicals. To insert a template, select the desired template from the appropriate palette button. Then fill in the template place holders. Place holders can

26 contain keyboard characters, characters from symbol palettes, or other templates. For example a radical template can be contained a fraction template, and the numerator of the fraction can be a square root template. When a template contains another template, its size adjust automatically according to the need of the inner size of the templates. Example 1: To write 32.? 45 If the Equation Editor button has been provided on the toolbar, bring the cursor on the location you want to place the equation. Click to activate Equation Editor. Then on the main insertion point will appear on the screen. Procedure 1 (1) Click the radical ( ) button from the template. (2) Choose/Click a fraction button ( ) from the template. (3) Type 32 from the keyboard. (4) Click on the slot which represents the denominator of the fraction. (5) Type 45 from the keyboard.. (6) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area Procedure 2 (1) Choose a fraction button ( ) from the template. (2) Type 32 from the keyboard. (3) Click on the denumerator part of the fraction. (4) Type 45 from the keyboard. (5) Select the fraction by one of the following techniques: Press Ctrl + A. The whole part of fraction are selected, or:.

27 click in front of the fraction, hold Shift key, then tab to the right. The whole part of fraction are selected. Release (6) Choose a radical fraction button ( ) from the template (7) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area Example 2: To write x = b ± 2 b 4 ac 2a Start to activate Equation Editor. Then on the main slot do the following: (1) Type "x=" from the keyboard (2) Choose a fraction from the template. (3) Type "-b" from the keyboard. (4) Select ± ("plus or minus") from the palette. (5) Select a radical from the palette. (6) Type "b" from the keyboard. (7) Select the superscript from the palette. (8) Type a "2" from the keyboard. (9) Tab to come down a level, and type "-4ac" from keyboard.. (10) Tab 3 times to move to the denominator (or click on the slot which represents the denominator of the fraction), and type "2a". (11) Click anywhere outside Equation Editor s of working area D. More about Palette on Equation Editor Toolbar The first row of Equation Editor Toolbar consists of 10 palettes. Each palette consists of various numbers of symbols. Those symbols can be considered simply an extension of your keyboard that ready to insert on the template.

28 Symbol Palette Symbols included Name of Symbol Palette Relation Symbol Description/Example A relational symbol expresses a relationship between two quantities, most of them involving equality, inequality, or equivalence. ABC PQR; a x b Spaces and ellipsis An ellipsis is a series of three dots indicating that items have been left out, usually because they are obvious from the context. Equation Editor provides symbols that enter horizontal, vertical, and diagonal rows of dots to indicate various types of omissions. ab a b a b ; 2, 4, 6, 8, K Embellishments Operator Symbols Mathematical variables often have primes, hats, bars, and dots attached. Sometimes known as diacriticals or accents, in Equation Editor they are referred to as character embellishments. A A, 1 = 60 Mathematical operator symbols, such as the plus or minus sign, indicate an operation that acts on one or more elements. Included are symbols for simple arithmetic operations, operations on sets or abstract algebraic entities, and composition of functions: b ± D x = ; x x xxx 2a

29 Symbol Palette Symbols included Name of Symbol Palette Description/Example Arrow Symbols represent a mapping 2 x 9 3 x 3 Logical Symbols x R, x 2 0 ABC PQR 2 ( x, y) : ( x + y) = x + 2xy + y 2 2 Set Theory Symbols A B and B A, A = B Miscellaneous Symbols If the sum of n terms of the series is S n, then forn, S n 2 If line a and b intersect each other on the plane W, where g a and g b, then g W, Greek Characters (lower case) π 3.14 φ Greek Characters (upper case) n 2 = n 2 n 2 or: i = n 2 i= 1 E. More about Template on Equation Editor Toolbar The second row of Equation Editor Toolbar consists of 9 palettes.

30 The following table represents the complete templates on Equation Editor. Symbol Template All templates included Name of Template Fence Template Description/Examples [ a,b] = a x b [ a,b) = a x < b a + b a + b : 5 faktors of a a a a a a a14 a44 a 2a 4a 4 4a 3a 7 factors of a. Fraction and Radical Templates To get the expression: 3 the following steps x x + 2y, do Run the Equation Editor. Click chose click chose click chose From keyboard type x Press, type x + 2y. Press Tab 3 Cursor type 3 click on the outside of Equation Editor area 3 Subscript and Superscript Templates AB, AB x x + 2y 2 x To write lim = 1, do the x x 2 + x following steps.

31 Symbol Template All templates included Name of Template Description/Examples Run, click, chose, type "lim. Press Tab or. Type x, click, chose. Click, chose lim. Press Tab.Click, chose, x type x. Click, chose, type 2 lim x x 2.Press or Tab, type x. Click, chose, type 2. Press x type +x lim x x x 1 lim = 1 x x 2 + x Summation Templates 6 i= 1 i Press x Tab,, Tab, type = x = x 6 + x 7 + x 8 + x 9 + x 10 + x i+ 5 x i= 1 12 = x i= 3 i+ 3 Integral Templates dx 1 x = x 3] 3 1 = = 26 Underbar and Overbar Templates Labeled Arrow Templates AB &. 3& 2 &.2& 1& 5. 2 T = (3, 4) (5, 3)

32 Symbol Template All templates included Name of Template Description/Examples 2Pb(NO 3 ) 2 heat up 2PbO + 2NO 2 Product and Set Theory Templates + 3O 2 5 k 3 = k= 1 Matrix Templates 2x 3y = 13 3x + y = 5 Matrix Templates The matrix form can be chosen from fences template, or, or related to their determinant.. From the figure 1-11 you can imagine the size of matrix that could be written on each template. Just click one of them.. The twelfth template is one where you can choose one which will appropriate to your model of matrix.. The number of the columns and rows can be chosen by entering number in the provided space. For a system of equation (simultaneous equation) you can choose the alignment of the matrix form. Example: 1) The position of Elements

33 ; ; center align left align rigt = + = y x y x = + = y x y x align left align at 2) Column Width eeeee dd c b a eeeee dd c b a Not equal equal 3) Row Line baseline bottom F. Equation Editor Menu The menus on Equation Editor are as follow. The first four of the menus are similar to what you have studied in writing document using Microsoft Word. This paper will concern to the fifth and sixth menus. 1. Style Menu The menus included in the Style Menu are as follow: In Math Style you can type mathematics expression without care about the space between the characters. For

34 instance, in writing in Word, you have to give space between 3 and + and between + and 4. But in Equation Editor, you can directly type 3+4 from keyboard. The Equation Editor automatically positioning the characters, and the result is You can directly insert all characters needed to write sin 2π. Although you do not make any space between n and 2, the space automatically exist. It is caused of all of the trigonometric functions are noted by Equation Editor. Briefly, in entering mathematics expression Equation Editor the writer does not need to think about space between the characters. Inversely, in Equation Editor you can not write non mathematics expressions directly. Your spacebar can t be used properly as you use it in common document typing. Equation Editor interprets all words in term of mathematics expression. For instance, when you write standard in the slot of Equation Editor, the result is function. s tan dard. The word tan is interpreted as tangent In Math Style, the default style uses mathematics convention that is used in formal mathematics writing. For instance, all variables are typed in Italic style, while all digits use regular style, as shown below.

35 2. Size Menu You can choose the font size directly when you enter the characters, depend on the default, or firstly define the various sizes in each of the main row, subscript, subsubscript, etc. The default size is shown below. Examples (i) ax b ± + bx + c = 0 x = (ii) ( 2n 1) n= = n 1 = 1 (iii) b 2a ac = ( 2 ) = 8 = The user can define the style and the size in Equation Editor.

36 Chapter 4 DRAWING There are some basic types of graphics that you can use to enhance your Microsoft Office Word documents: drawing objects, charts, pictures, and clip art. Drawings refer to a drawing object or a group of drawing objects. Drawing objects include shapes, diagrams, flowcharts, curves, lines, and WordArt. These objects are part of your Word document. You can change and enhance these objects with colors, patterns, borders, and other effects. In this paper and activities we will concern more on the drawing object. Most of them will be based on Microsoft Word In some cases there are included a small part of Microsoft Word A. Drawing Toolbar How do you draw the figures on the problems which are presented on the first paragraph of Chapter 2? Microsoft Word offers many powerful drawing tools to let you control fill color, line color, line style, shadows, 3D effects, grouping, ordering, and more. The easiest way to access these facilities is through the drawing toolbar. Normally the drawing toolbar is at the bottom of your Word screen. If it is not activated, you can turn it on by doing the following: (1) Click on in the top menu bar. (2) Choose Toolbars from the drop-down menu. (3) Check Drawing from the menu that appears to the side The toolbar will look like the image below. The button or icon of Drawing Toolbar is. This button can be inserted and displayed among the other buttons on the toolbar. If Drawing Toolbar does not appear on the screen, by clicking, Drawing Toolbar will appear. But if it is there, and you click then the Drawing Toolbar will disappear.

37 If does not appear and wanted to be displayed, the procedure just like the Equation Editor icon to display. (1) Click menu. (2) Put the pointer on Toolbars. (3) Click Customize. On the screen will be displayed a panel: (4) Activate/Click Commands. (5) On Categories choose/click Drawing. On the Commands find icon. (6) Drag and release it on the toolbar.among the others existing buttons The following table shows the function of each. Button Function A pull down menu with several drawing options Changes the pointer to a selection arrow

38 Button Function Rotates the selected object to any degree A pull down menu with several libraries of shapes Draws a line where you click and drag. Hold the Shift key down to make the line straight Inserts a line with an arrowhead where you click and drag Draws a rectangle where you click and drag. Hold down Shift to draw a square Draws an oval where you click and drag. Hold down Shift to draw a circle Draws a text box where you click and drag Create text effects with Word Art Insert Diagram or Organization Chart Insert ClipArt Insert Picture Add, modify, or remove fill color from a selected object Add, modify, or remove line color Formats the selected text with the color you click Changes the thickness of lines Selects dash style for dashed lines Select arrow style; placement and shape of arrowhead A pull down menu offers shadow choices Add 3-d effects to rectangles or ovals In the following part we will explore each of the buttons.

39 For the user of Microsoft Office 2007, the windows that support drawing activities is as follow: Then the first step you have to use the following procedure. (1) Insert a drawing canvas. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group:, click Shapes :, and then click. New Drawing Canvas (2) Under Drawing Tools, on the Format tab, in the Insert Shapes group, click the More button. (3) Under Lines, click Freeform. (4) Click one location in the document, move your pointer to a different location, and then click again. When you are finished drawing the line, double-click. The general performance of group of buttons on the Drawing shapes in 2007-version is shown on the following figure. B. Drawing Canvas When you insert a drawing object in Word, you can place it in a drawing canvas. If one

40 of the buttons on the Drawing Toolbar is chosen and start to draw, e.g. Click in your document where you want to create the drawing. click, a drawing canvas automatically appears on the screen. The drawing canvas helps you arrange a drawing in your document. The drawing canvas provides a frame-like boundary between your drawing and the rest of your document. By default, the drawing canvas has no border or background, but you can apply formatting to the drawing canvas as you would any drawing object. The drawing canvas also helps you keep parts of your drawing together, which is especially helpful if your drawing consists of several shapes. The best practice is to insert a drawing canvas if you plan to include more than one shape in your illustration. For example, if you want to create a flow chart, you start with a drawing canvas and then add the shapes and lines for your chart. After a shape (line or others) finish to be drawn and you click outside the canvas area, then the drawing canvas will automatically disappear. For a while using drawing canvas will move or shift some parts of document. If the user feel does not convenient using drawing canvas. For user who feel to be disturbed on using, appearing drawing canvas can be eliminated. To disappear it could be done through the following procedure. (1) Click on in the top menu bar. (2) Click.

41 (3) Click (4) Delete Check ( )on the box so that no check symbol on the box (become: ; blank: Automatically create drawing canvas when inserting AutoShapes) C. Getting Started: Drawing Simple Figure From the Drawing Toolbar: there are four buttons that can be used to draw simple figures. These four buttons are: (line), (arrow), (rectangle), and (ellipse; oval) 1. Line To draw a line segment follow this procedure. (1) Click. The pointer changes from into. (2) Bring the pointer to a point of location as a starting point of the line that will be drawn. Click on this chosen point. (3) Drag, and then drop/release at the end point of the line segment. There are small white rectangle (or could be circle) at the end points of the line segment. or or (4) Click the mouse at anywhere outside the line segment. The small rectangles (or circles) now disappear. 2. Arrow The procedure used to draw an arrow is the same with the procedure used to draw a line segment.

42 3. Rectangle To draw a rectangle select the box button and drag out and area on the page. If you hold down Shift while you drag it will force the shape to a square. The 6 white squares or may be 6 white circles (called handles) around the object can be used to adjust the size and shape. The handles will disappear if you release the mouse. 4. Ellipse (Oval) To draw an ellipse or circle select the oval button and drag an area on the page. If you hold down Shift while you drag it will force the shape to a circle. If you double click the active drawing (the handles appear) you can see the size of the drawing figure. The sizes show that the shape is a circle. Its diameter is mm D. Copy a Selected Text 1. Select Text To copy a part of a document, a selected text has to be chosen. Some ways can be used to choose text, part of document. e.g.: (i) To select all part of a document, use Ctrl + A. Selected text indicated by changing the text into white text on the black background..

43 (ii) To select some row of text, put the pointer on the left of left-margin. The pointer will change into, Click, the mouse. The text along the pointed row will change into white text on the black background. Drag the pointer until the end of row you want to select. (iii) To select just some words, click the mouse on the left of text you want to select, drag to the right, and release on the right of selected text. or: Click the mouse on the left of text you want to select, press Shift, click on the right of selected text 2. Copy a Certain Text To copy a part of a document, a selected text has to be chosen. (i) Select text. (ii) Press Ctrl + C or On the Standard toolbar click Copy button (iii) Press Ctrl + V or On the Standard toolbar click Paste button. To copy a selected text, commonly used for a small part of text, after select text then press Ctrl, place the pointer on the selected text. The pointer will change into. Drag the selected text, release it on the location you have determined earlier. E. AutoShapes Click. The following palette displayed. indicates that there some buttons included. On the inside there are many facilities to draw. It includes a group of ready-made forms for drawing lines and curves, various kinds of polygon, ellipse, arrows "big"/block, flowchart symbols, stars and banners as well as 'callout'. Four of them (line segment, arrows, rectangle, and ellipse) usually appear explicitly in the Drawing toolbar.

44 1 Lines. a. Kinds of Lines or Curve Button Lines group consists of 6 (six) types of lines or curves. (1) Line to draw a line segment (2) Arrow to draw an arrow or ray line (3) Double Arrow to draw the line, the coordinate axes (4) Curve to draw a chair several of curves, (5) Freeform, to draw polygon (6) Scribble to "scribble", functioning as a pen. First two buttons have been discussed earlier. To draw double arrow is similar to procedure in drawing line and arrow. b. Curve, Freeform, and Scribble Drawing The curve button is used mostly in drawing graph of mathematical functions, such as graph a quadratic functions, sine and cosine function. Freeform is used to draw shapes having line segments as their sides, such as polygons. Scribble is used when you draw a scribble drawing. A pen which is functioned to substitute mouse will facilitate drawing scribble mode. 1) Curve To draw a curve, firstly you have to determine the location of some points on the curve. If you know the equation of the function then the coordinates of those points can be placed precisely on the coordinates system. For instance you want to draw a sine graph. a) Locate some dots that represent points which satisfy the sine function, at least the turning points of the graph (included the intersecting points with X-axis).

45 b) Click. c) Click at statring point. d) Move the mouse. Click at the second point e) Move the mouse. Click at the third point f) M g) Move the mouse at the end point, then double-click the mouse. h) Click at the outside of curve. The curve is as follow. If you use (freeform), the result is: 2) Freeform To draw a polygon you can use the similar steps on the curve drawing. Suppose you want to draw a hexagon (6-gon). Along path of the mouse on the following figure, the mouse is moved without dragging. If use freeform and you drag the mouse, the pointer will changed into which is functioned on scribble drawing. The result is not a line segment. Sixth click on this point Fifth click on this point First click on this point path of mouse Second click on this point Fourth click on this point Third click on this point

46 If you do that drawing correctly then the result is as shown on the left side following figure. Then if you click on the outside the figure, the result is as shown on the right side figure. Note: If there is any drawing figure and your pointer is located around its area or touch its side, the pointer will change into. If you click then the six holders will appear. It means that the drawing figure ready be modified. 3) Scribble The main difference between scribble and freeform is that in scribble, after you click scribble button, you have to hold the mouse where you locate the pointer at the starting point, and drag it along the figure you want to draw. If you release it, means that you finish drawing your figure. The figures next to the right are examples of drawing figures using scribble drawing: 2. Connectors There are three types of connector lines to connect objects - straight, elbow (angled), and curved. Draw a connector (1) On the Drawing toolbar, click, point to, and then click the connector line you want. (2) Point to where you want to attach the connector. Connection sites appear as blue circles as you pass the pointer over a shape.

47 (3) Click the first connection site you want, point to the other object, and then click the second connection site. Locked or attached connectors appear as red circles. Unlocked connectors appear as green circles. 3 Basic Shapes. Each shape was the basis can be used directly according to a form that is available. To draw up the most specific (for a particular shape become irregular; e.g. equilateral triangle, square, regular polygon, circles), could be drawn by holding the Shift button as you drag the shape you choose. 4. Block Arrows 5. Flowchart 6. Stars and Banners 7. Callout Your Task: Use the provided shapes to draw something relevant to your other task during the training. F. Coloring Figures There are two kinds of coloring, fill color and line color, Each of them can be modified. Fill color can be modified by colors and by effects. Line color can be modified by colors and by pattern.

48 1. Fill Color To fill a shape, firstly activate the shape, i.e.: select the shape by clicking on it. The white handles will appear. Click on the fill button fill color or fill effect that you require. and select the If you click More Fill Colors... the several color can be choose through or. The color also could be modified by its transparency. Blue (Normal) Blue (50% Transparant) If you choose Fill Effects there are some provided choices that can be combining among the color, gradient and shading styles (including its variants).

49 Here is some of the choices in filling a square in fill effects mode. The button is provided on inserting a picture into a drawing figure. Suppose you want to insert a picture of an eruption of Eyjafjallajökull glacier, Iceland last April 2010 into an ellipse, Click the ellipse click fill button and select the. click browse to get the file you have saved earlier click the picture click outside the ellipse.

50 2. Line Color To change the line color of a shape select the shape by clicking on it, as you do earlier. Click the line color button and choose the color that you require. To see the patterned lines Style, click on Patterned Lines. The pattern (colored) lines style is as follow G. Text Box A text box is a movable, resizable container for text or graphics. Use text boxes to position several blocks of text on a page or to give text a different orientation from other text in the document. Insert a text box (1) On the Drawing toolbar, click Text Box. ( ) (2) Click or drag in your document where you want to insert the text box. If you double-click the text box, the default internal margins are as follow: panel shows that the

51 You can change the sizes of the margins by clicking the moving buttons or directly type the sizes you want to use. In coloring text box please click on the panel and you can choose some provided options. H. Reshape a shape (1) Select the. If the shape has a yellow adjustment handle (adjustment handle: A diamondshaped handle used to adjust the appearance but not the size of most. For example, you can adjust a rounded rectangle to be more or less rounded.), it can be reshaped. Some shapes do not have adjustment handles and can only be resized. (2) Position the mouse pointer over the yellow adjustment handle. (3) Hold down the mouse button and drag the handle to change the shape. I. USING DRAW COMMAND command found on the Drawing toolbar. The order is an order-up to an image object. Figure object can be a single image from the line, curve, or, or is a combination of drawing objects that previously had been ready for use. Draw command in there which is a single command, but there are still includes elements that have similar orders.

52 1. Merging/Grouping and Breaking Back to the Initial Drawing Objects a. Grouping some Drawing Objects Two or more drawing objects can be grouped into a single entity, so that in moving this object, actually moving two or more initial drawing objects. Coloring it also means coloring the initial drawing objects in equal styles. How do you perform a group of two or more objects are as follows. Suppose tube t will be installed on top of the block b. (i) i. Place the tube t on a cuboid b (Fig. i) ii. By using the arrow pointer Select Objects,, drag the arrow to include the area that contains the tube and the cube. At drag, which emerges is of rectangle with dotted lines (Figure ii). If the mouse is released there are eight small square (or circle) holders on each of object, cuboid and tube (Figure iii). (iii) iii. Click iv. Click, then 8 circles will restrict a whole image (Fig (iv)).. (iv) (v) v. Click outside the image, acquired images together (group; Fig. (v))

53 Note: Another way of selecting the image (which will be grouped): Press and hold Shift, click the first picture, click the second picture and so on. Release the Shift. If three or more images are selected (not grouped), but for example the second picture is reversed for the groups a choice, hold Shift, click on the image of the canceled options. If ordered to grouped, then the second picture is not coming grouped. b. Ungroup Objects( ) To break a group of drawing objects into two or more initial objects that have been grouped, (1) select the group you want to ungroup. (2) On the Drawing toolbar, click, and then click c. Regroup Objects( ) (1) Choose one of the objects that previously had been Ungroup (because never in-group), (2) On the Drawing toolbar click, and then click Note After you have grouped objects, you can still select any single object within the group by first selecting the group. Then, click on the object you want to select. 2. Order There are several Order commands. a. Bring an object to the front On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, point to Order, and then click Bring to Front. b. Sent to Back. On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, point to Order, then click Send to Back. c. Bring an object one step closer to the front

54 On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, point to Order, and then click Bring Forward d. Send Backward. On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, point to Order, and then click Send Backward. e. Bring in Front of Text f. Send Behind Text The sixth command have an equal first step command, i.e.: On the Drawing toolbar, click, point to, and then click one of the style of order. click triangle click click rectangle: click click triangle click click rectangle: click There is a text. Out of text there is a drawing object click ellips click There is a text. Out of text there is a drawing object There is a text. Out of text there is a drawing object There Behind is a the text. rectangle Out of text there there is is a drawing a text object click rectangle: click This is a text. Behind this text there is a rectangle

55 3. Rotate or Flip (1) To rotate or flip (reflect) an object, select, Picture, Clip Art, or WordArt that you want to flip. (2) On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, point to Rotate or Flip, and then click one of the following ( consist of 5 commands, i.e): (Axis of symmetry = vertical line) (Axis of symmetry = horizontal line) Rotation of an object Apart from special angles multiples of 15 o, through a panel format can be selected turning angle 359 o o. For a negative angle α o, the computer turned itself into (360 α) o. Positive angle interpreted by the computer is the angle with the direction of rotation round the clock. (310 o ) 50 o The original ray 35 o After rotation Rotation in action (1) C B C B C B C B C B rotate T A A A (i) (ii) (iii) 300 o A (iv) rotate180 o A (v)

56 rotate 60 o rotate 60 o rotate 60 o rotate 60 o (ix) Change color (viii) Change color (vii) Filling color (vi) Completed with eye and others rotate 60 o Change color (x) rotate 60 o (xi) (xii) Change color Change color Combine the six objects Rotation in action (2) There are 3 kinds of regular polygons, i.e. equilateral triangle, square, and regular hexagon. which could be used to tesselate, for oneself, or combine them by two or three of them, by rotation. (1) regular tesselation

57 (2) semi-regular tesselation, e.g.: (3, 3, 4, 3, 4) (3, 4, 6, 4) Note: (3, 3, 4, 3, 4) means: each coincide point surrounds by combination of (in order:) regular 3-gon (triangle), 3-gon, 4-gon (square), 3-gon, 4-gon (3) demi-regular tesselation, e.g. (3, 3, 4, 3, 4), (4, 3, 4, 6) (3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3)/(3, 3, 3, 4, 4)/(3, 3, 4, 3, 4)

58 Flip an object in action (1) combine result copy and flip vertical 180 o rotation or 2 rotate right/left 90 o Flip an object in action (2) Original object Copy of the original object Flip horizontal Changes fill color Tessellation uses the original object and its images after changing fill color

59 4. Grid a. Show or hide drawing grid (1) To display the Drawing toolbar, click Drawing on the Standard toolbar. (2) On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, and then click (3) Select or clear the Display gridlines on screen check box. The default shows that and is 3.2 mm each. Some implications are e.g.: (i) on sliding an object, vertical or horizontal, the minimum distance between the initial object and its image is 3.2 mm; (ii) if you put a check sign 3,2 mm in the check box of grid shown on the window but you can not 3,2 mm the print it. To hide the grid click check box (iii) if you draw a circle, the smallest diameter is 3.2 mm; (iv) if you draw a square, the minimum letgth is 3.2 mm. For special needs you can change the sizes of space of grid. The minimum size is 0.1 mm. b. Change the drawing grid 1) Change the spacing between the drawing gridlines (1) To display the Drawing toolbar, click Drawing on the Standard toolbar. (2) On the Drawing toolbar, click Draw, and then click Grid. (3) On the and the boxes, enter the spacing you want. 2) Change the starting point for gridlines

60 Initially, the grid begins at the upper-left corner of the page. Note: Word displays gridlines only within the margins of the page, even though the grid may extend beyond the margins. (1) To display the Drawing toolbar, click Drawing on the Standard toolbar. (2) On the Drawing toolbar, click, and then click. (3) Clear the check box if it is selected. (4) In the and the boxes, specify where you want vertical and horizontal gridlines to begin, relative to the edges of the page. c. Drawing Grid Suppose we want to make a grid of each of 5 mm spacing grid. The objective is that the grid can be printed. i. Click on the Drawing toolbar ii. Click iii. Activate iv. On the On the type 5 mm type 5 mm. v. Activate vi. Draw a 50 mm horizontal line segment. vii. Activate the line segment (two holders on the ends of the line) viii. Hold Ctrl and press D (= Ctrl + D ) The second line segment take place out of the line grid.

61 ix. Use arrow keys ( / then / to locate the second line segment precisely under the first line segment. x. Do No. viii 9. The result will be as following: xi. From xii, draw a vertical line segment passes through the left sides of 11 horizontal line segment. As this line segment still active (indicated of appearing two circles holder on its end of the line segment), hold Ctrl and press D (= Ctrl + D ) xii. Repeat steps viii-ix (use arrow keys / a nd / ) the lines style can be changed

62 5. Align or Distribute Some drawing object can be arranged in a certain alignment i. Activate the chosen object. ii. Click on the Drawing toolbar iii. Put pointer ke the object iv. Click one of the option From drawing objects next to this text, align command can be done by firstly select the whole drawing objects and then clicking one of the options align commands. The result is one of the following figures. Align Left Align Center Align Right Align Top Align Middle Align Bottom 6. Edit Points All drawing objects based on can be edited use facility. If the Edit Points is switched on, then you can edit the drawing object with the changes smoothly. You can edit the drawing object by dragging the black dot to another location. For this purpose, if necessary you can change the screen Zoom 200% or even 500%, so that the laying of a point to be more accurate. Select one drawing object each, click, then two or more black dots appear on the chosen line, curve or shape, on a point. Those dots appear on the points where you click previously.