Automated Sensitivity Analysis in Early Space Mission Design. Volker Schaus

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1 Slide 1 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Automated Sensitivity Analysis in Early Space Mission Design Volker Schaus

2 Chart 2 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Overview - Introduction - Software Framework: Virtual Satellite - Sensitivity Analysis - Implementation of the algorithm - Example Dimensioning the fuel tank of a spacecraft - Interpretation of the results of the Sensitivity Analysis - Conclusion Future Work

3 Slide 3 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Virtual Satellite - Essentials - Rich Client Application - Integrated Design Environment - Full support of parameter studies as they are performed in Concurrent Engineering environments - Used as one Standard Tool in the Concurrent Engineering Facility (CEF) - Role Management through active directory - Version control - Truly distributed collaboration concept - Collaborative configuration - Orbit Visualization

4 Slide 4 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Virtual Satellite - Interfaces ECSS-TM Engineering design model data exchange (CDF) VirSat Application Excel IDM Workbooks Poster session QUDV-Standard Quantities, Units, Dimension, Values Catia V5 Skript Automation

5 Slide 5 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Data Model m p = m e v c Ziolkowski-Equation re-arranged for the mass of the propellant m p - Calculation explicit - Parameters as sources and target

6 Slide 6 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Sensitivity Analysis Why? - Systems development life-cycle - Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) - Digital master model as central element for all the design activity - What is the best system design? - Sensitivity Analysis is one way to aid the evaluation of the system Evaluation Source: Wikipedia, last accessed:

7 Slide 7 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 SA Background - Local methods - Interactions between parameters not respected - One factor at a time (OAT) - Global methods - Interactions respected - Problem: parameter input sets needed - Usually generated with Monte Carlo methods - Response surface plots - Paper focusses on two implementations - SI = dy and SI dx D = x 0 dy 0 y 0 dx 0 - Y unknowns, calculated parameters - X boundary constraints - Partial derivatives

8 Slide 8 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Dimensioning the tank of a spacecraft - Typical recurring task in early CE - Three domains - Mission Analysis - Propulsion - Structure v m p V t m t Source: Astrium EPDM Bladder Tank BT 01/0 Ziolkowski Volume and Area of a Sphere Barlow s formula (Kesselformel) Selection of the propellant: Hydrazin Density

9 unknowns boundary constraints Slide 9 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Design Values Working Point m 0 = 3000 kg v = 165 m s in-orbit mass of the UV telescope mission AEGIS required delta v for the AEGIS mission c = 2300 m s exhaust velocity ρ p = 1008 kg m 3 ρ t = 4430 kg m 3 density of hydrazine density of the titan alloy used as material for the reference tank σ t = N m 2 tensile strength of the titan alloy p = 52 bar = N m 2 burst pressure of the tank m p = kg mass of the required propellant V t = m 3 volume of the needed tank m t = 7.95 kg mass of the needed tank

10 Slide 10 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Entering the Values for the Example in the Software

11 Slide 11 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Implementation of the Algorithm - Solver - Find unknowns and boundary constraints of the design system - Calculate the Sensitivity Index SI = dy dx 0 - Variying each boundary constraint and solve the equation system - At the working point - Using the one factor at a time (OAT) method - Derivative calculated with the finite difference method - Store the index values in a matrix: Sensitivity Matrix (7 x 3) - Display the result in the User Interface

12 Slide 12 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Structogramm

13 Boundary Constraints Slide 13 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Displaying and interpreting the results - Sensitivity Data displayed as matrix - Normalized to the interval [-1; 1] - Color gradient - Derivative m p has largest value v - Valid locally around the working point - Unit change: - Change v by 1 m s - m = kg = 16.67kg - Team leader can use this information to drive the study Unknowns

14 Slide 14 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Variying the mass - Changing the working point - Launch mass m 0 - Gradients are changing accordingly - Strongest connection shifted SI = dy dx 0 - Dimensions affect the results!

15 Slide 15 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Interpretation of the results - dimensionless - No variation due to dimensions any more - Not looking at unit changes any more - Percentual changes - m 0 is changed by 10%, the volume of the tank V t also changes by 10% - Proportionalality now reflected in the result SI D = x 0 y 0 dy dx 0 V t = m 0 ρ p 1 1 e v c

16 Slide 16 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Conclusion - Implementation of Sensitivity Analysis in the Software Virtual Satellite - Results can be generated on-the-fly - Used by the team leader to guide the CE study

17 Slide 17 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Future Work - Filter techniques needed for large design problems - Cyclic dependencies not respected - Optimization - Calculations in external tools are not supported (Excel) - Compare Sensitivity Analysis with parametric-based design structure matrix approach Source: Browning Applying the Design Structure Matrix to System Decomposition and Integration Problems: A Review and New Directions IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 48, no. 3, August 2001

18 Slide 18 > Volker Schaus Schaus_SECESA_2012.pptx > 17th October 2012 Questions yes please! Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.v. (DLR) German Aerospace Center - Simulation and Software Technology Lilienthalplatz Braunschweig Germany Dipl.-Ing. Volker Schaus volker.schaus@dlr.de Phone LIVE DEMO of VIRTUAL SATELLITE SOFTWARE Tomorrow, 18th of October 2012, 3 p.m. Please register at the Conference Desk!

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