CS415 Human Computer Interaction

Transcription

1 CS415 Human Computer Interaction Lecture 7 Implementation and Testing Tools for HCIs October 4, 2015 Sam Siewert

2 Coming Up Quiz on Wednesday for Part II Chapters 5,6,7,8,9 Review Next Week on Monday, 10/12 Exam on Wed and Friday, 10/14, 16 Chapters 1-9 Knowledge and Concepts on Wednesday True/False, Multiple- Choice, Short Answer Problem Solving on Friday Analysis, Design, Implementation, Test Sam Siewert 2

3 Context for all Applications Windows 7,8, 10 Linux / Unix X-Windows Ubuntu Red Hat (Centos) Fedora Mac OS-X Android OS ios Window Managers Sam Siewert 3

4 Client/Server Window Managers Window Managers like X-Windows are Client/Server Applications are Clients of the Window Manager The Server is the Window Manager Sam Siewert 4

5 C programming Low-Level to Widget Level GUI Code Generators X Series O Reilly Douglas Young Book X Protocol Xlib X toolkit X Widet Set (Motif, Athena) X-Window System Sam Siewert 5

6 Apple Macintosh Windowing System Macintosh and Mac SE ( ) Graphics Toolbox (ROM code for Drawing and Widgets) Common Look and Feel Simplified Programming for Interactive GUI/WIMP Applications Human- Computer Interaction, 3 rd Edition, by Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd, Russell Beale Sam Siewert 6

7 X-Windows Sam Siewert 7

8 Windowing System Widget Sets Windows OS-X Unix / Linux Sam Siewert 8

9 Android Studio for AOS Phone Emulators SDK - Java Apps Linux NDK (Native Development Kit) Skia Graphics Engine, SGL Mobile Development Sam Siewert 9

10 Widget Application Updates Interactive Design Event Handlers Event Masks Register Call-back Update State Sam Siewert 10

11 WIMP Interaction Toolkit Interaction Widgets and Gadgets Simplify Development Sam Siewert 11

12 Class Hierarchy OO is Helpful, but Not Required X-Windows is Object-based C code Sam Siewert 12

13 True OO Interactive Systems Development Smalltalk and Model-View-Controller Interactive System Programming Xerox PARC Early 1980 s Sam Siewert 13

14 Modern OO Interactive System Development Java Swing, AWT, NetBeans Python, PyTk Qt Creator (C++) Visual Studio WinForm (C#) X-Windows (Object-based, but not OOP) Many more Java, Ruby, Objective-C, C++, C#, Python Sam Siewert 14

15 Interactive System Evaluation Testing Traditional SQA Usability However is a Specialized form of Testing and Evaluation Field Tests with Users (Human side of HCI) Sam Siewert 15

16 Cognitive Walkthrough Similar to Code Walkthrough, but with Focus on how easy a system is to use Cognitive Load Efficiency and Ability to Complete Tasks (User Community) Normally requires a Mock-up or Prototype Sam Siewert 16

17 Evaluation Method Answer 4 Questions for Each Step in Action Sequence (Task specified as a Goal) 1) Effect of Action Matches User Goal? 2) Action Visibility / Availability? 3) Recognition of Actions for Goals? 4) Visible Easy to Understand Feedback for Goal Attainment? Sam Siewert 17

18 How to Measure? - Heuristic Nielsen s Ten Heuristics 1. Visibility of Status 2. System / Real-World Match 3. User Control / Freedom 4. Consistency / Standards 5. Error Prevention 6. Recognition over Recall 7. Efficiency 8. Aesthetic Less is More 9. Design for Error 10. Built-in Help Sam Siewert 18

19 Empirical Methods of Evaluation Participants Real Users, Sample Size, Small and in Depth vs. Large and Shallow Variables Those that are Changed (independent) and those that are Measured (dependent) E.g. Complete Task with WIMP GUI Widget #1 Complete Same Task with CLI Task Time/Efficiency and Correct Outcome Measured CLI vs WIMP GUI Widget - Changed Hypothesis Prediction of Outcome (to Test) If Differences in Measure can t be Explained by Chance (Null Hypothesis is Disproven) Outcomes Compared with Level of Significance (Sample Size, Mean, Standard Deviation, Reliability, Confidence, T-test) Sam Siewert 19

20 Empirical Methods of Evaluation Experimental Design Between-subjects and withinsubjects Between Subjects is Ideal, but Costly (need more subjects) Within Subjects is lower Cost, but Subjects learn, develop a bias, and results can be impacted Sam Siewert 20

21 General Usability Statistical Measures Looking to Server the Majority of Users - Significance E.g. Can Most or Majority of Users Efficiently Complete a Test Task? Sam Siewert 21

22 Statistics Mapping to HCI Independent Variable (what is changed in each experiment) Dependent Variable (not changed e.g. goal or task) Analysis Technique (math to determine significance of results and model) Human- Computer Interaction, 3 rd Edition, by Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd, Russell Beale Sam Siewert 22

23 Icon Experiment from Book Sam Siewert 23

24 Evaluation through Participation Observer and Track User While Experiment is Run In addition to feedback from user In addition to other metrics (time, correctness) Human-Computer Interaction, 3 rd Edition, by Alan Dix, Janet Finlay, Gregory Abowd, Russell Beale An Automobile-Integrated System for Assessing and Reacting to Driver Cognitive Load, Pompei, Sharon, Buckley, Kemp, Sam Siewert 24

25 Color Coding Example from Book Sam Siewert 25

26 Review Practice Quiz Today [or Next Monday if we Ran out of Time] Scan, Question [Should Already by Done] Chapters 1-9 Re-read, Outline and Review Memorize Fundamental Rules, Guidelines, Principles Sam Siewert 26