SECTION I: ALL ABOUT STRUTS2 FRAMEWORK 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUTS AND STRUTS2...

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1 Table Of Contents SECTION I: ALL ABOUT STRUTS 2 FRAMEWORK 1. FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUTS AND STRUTS STANDARD APPLICATION FLOW... 1 Framework... 2 Why Struts?... 3 MVC... 3 APPLICATION FLOW IN MVC... 4 WHAT IS STRUTS?... 5 WHAT IS STRUTS 2?... 5 STRUTS 1 AND STRUTS WHY STRUTS 2?... 7 HISTORY OF STRUTS ARCHITECTURE OF STRUTS WHAT IS MVC?... 9 Model View Controller THE REQUEST RESPONSE PARADIGM IN STRUTS STRUTS 2 FRAMEWORK ARCHITECTURE Request Initiation [HttpServletRequest] Struts 2 Servlet Filter [FilterDispatcher] Action Mapper Action Proxy Action Invocation STRUTS 2 FRAMEWORK CORE COMPONENTS FILTER DISPATCHER Filter Dispatcher In The Execution Flow ACTIONS Actions In The Execution Flow Role Of Action Performs As A Model Serves As A Data Carrier Helps Determine Results Single Or Multiple Results INTERCEPTORS Why Interceptors? Interceptor Configuration Interceptor Stack Interceptors In The Execution Flow... 25

2 x Struts 2 For Beginners VALUE STACK / OGNL Value Stack Value Stack In The Execution Flow Temporary Objects The Model Object The Action Object Named Objects Accessing Value Stack OGNL [Object-Graph Navigation Language] OGNL Examples OGNL In The Execution Flow Role Of OGNL RESULTS AND RESULT TYPES [VIEW TECHNOLOGIES] Results View Technologies Result Types SECTION II: SETTING UP THE DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT 4. INSTALLING AND SETTING UP NETBEANS IDE WHAT IS NETBEANS? The NetBeans Development Platform INSTALLATION OF NETBEANS IDE Installing Java Development Kit Download NetBeans Kinds Of Installers Java SE Java Ruby C/C PHP All Installation Of NetBeans IDE On Windows INSTALLING AND SETTING UP STRUTS Integrating Struts Using nbstruts Plugin Creating The First Web Application Run The Web Application Project Manually Integrating Struts 2 With NetBeans Download Struts 2 Libraries Adding Struts 2 Libraries In The NetBeans IDE Adding Struts 2 Filter In The Deployment Descriptor... 61

3 Table Of Contents xi Creating Struts Action Java Class Map The Action Java Class To A Result Page Run The Web Application Project SECTION III: GETTING SATRTED WITH STRUTS 2 6. GETTING STARTED APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT CREATING A WEB APPLICATION USING NETBEANS WORKING WITH ACTIONS ROLE OF ACTION Actions Provide Encapsulation Actions Help Carry Data Data Entry Form And Action Actions Return Control String The Helper Interfaces The Action Interface The ActionSupport Class Role Of The Struts 2 Filter struts.xml <Struts> <Package> The Name Attribute [name="myapp"] The Namespace Attribute [namespace="/"] The Extends Attribute [extends="struts-default"] The Abstract Attribute [abstract="true"] <Action> The Name Attribute [name="simpleapp"] The Class Attribute [class="com.book.myapp.simpleapp"] The Method Attribute [method="execute"] <Result> The Name Attribute [name="success"] The Type Attribute [type="dispatcher"] <Include> The File Attribute [file="guestbook-config.xml"] GETTING STARTED WITH ACTIONS Application Requirements A Bean Class GuestBook.java The Action Class GuestBookAction.java

4 xii Struts 2 For Beginners 8. BUILDING VIEWS HOW DOES VIEW COME INTO PICTURE? Result Types And The Result Dispatcher location parse Embedding OGNL Redirect location parse Embedding OGNL RedirectAction actionname namespace Embedding OGNL TAG LIBRARIES TagLib KIND OF TAGS Generic Tags Data Tags The action Tag The property Tag The bean Tag The set Tag The include Tag The url Tag The text Tag The i18n Tag The param Tag Control Tags The iterator Tag The if, elseif And else Tags UI Tags Form UI Tags The head Tag The form Tag The hidden Tag The label Tag The textfield Tag The textarea Tag The password Tag The file Tag The checkbox Tag

5 Table Of Contents xiii The select Tag The checkboxlist Tag The radio Tag The submit Tag The reset Tag Non Form UI Tags The div Tag The tabbedpanel Tag The tree Tag CONTINUING WITH THE APPLICATION GuestBookEntry.jsp GuestBookView.jsp index.jsp Configuration - struts.xml The GuestBook Action The GuestBookSuccess Action Process Flow Diagram RUNNING THE GUESTBOOK APPLICATION USING INTERCEPTORS Request And Interceptor BUILT-IN INTERCEPTORS Alias Interceptor [alias] Chaining Interceptor [chaining] Checkbox Interceptor [checkbox] Conversion Error Interceptor [conversionerror] Create Session Interceptor [createsession] Debugging Interceptor [debugging] Execute and Wait Interceptor [execandwait] Exception Interceptor [exception] File Upload Interceptor [fileupload] Internationalization Interceptor [i18n] Logging Interceptor [logger] Message Store Interceptor [store] Model Driven Interceptor [modeldriven] Scoped Model Driven Interceptor [scopedmodeldriven] Parameters Interceptor [params] Prepare Interceptor [prepare] Profiling Interceptor [profile] Scope Interceptor [scope] Servlet Configuration Interceptor [servletconfig] Static Parameters Interceptor [staticparams] Roles Interceptor [roles] Timer Interceptor [timer] Token Interceptor [token]

6 xiv Struts 2 For Beginners Token Session Interceptor [tokensession] Validation Interceptor [validation] Workflow Interceptor [workflow] PRE-CONFIGURED STACKS OF BUILT-IN INTERCEPTORS basicstack validationworkflowstack fileuploadstack modeldrivenstack chainstack i18nstack paramprepareparamsstack defaultstack executeandwaitstack ROLE OF THE INTERCEPTOR IN THE EXECUTION CYCLE DECLARING INTERCEPTORS AND STACKS MAPPING INTERCEPTORS TO ACTIONS Parameterize Interceptors BUILDING A CUSTOM INTERCEPTOR The Interceptor Interface Continuing With The Application ActionTimer.java Declaring Interceptor Process Flow Diagram RUNNING THE GUESTBOOK APPLICATION OGNL AND THE VALUE STACK VALUE STACK DATA TRANSFER AND TYPE CONVERSION OGNL Expression Language Type Converters Built-in Converters OGNL's Role In Data Transfer And Type Conversion Accessing Action Context Properties Using # Form and OGNL How Is An OGNL Expression Resolved Accessing Object Properties Accessing Object Properties From The Context Map VALIDATIONS KINDS OF VALIDATIONS DECLARATIVE - DOMAIN OBJECT LEVEL VALIDATION Validators Scope Validators Precedence Short Circuiting Validations

7 Table Of Contents xv VALIDATOR TYPES required Parameters fieldname requiredstring Parameters fieldname trim stringlength Parameters fieldname maxlength minlength trim int Parameters fieldname max min double Parameters fieldname maxinclusive mininclusive maxexclusive minexclusive date Parameters fieldname max min expression Parameters expression fieldexpression Parameters fieldname expression Parameters fieldname url Parameters fieldname

8 xvi Struts 2 For Beginners conversion Parameters fieldname regex Parameters fieldname expression casesensitive trim visitor Parameters fieldname context appendprefix CONTINUING WITH THE APPLICATION struts.xml Modifications Process Flow Diagram CLIENT SIDE VALIDATION JavaScript Code Spec Inclusion RUNNING THE GUESTBOOK APPLICATION USING A DATA STORE [MYSQL] APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Table Structure CONTINUING WITH THE APPLICATION Database Creation Table Creation Add MySQL Driver The Action Class Modifications RUNNING THE GUESTBOOK APPLICATION INTEGRATING HIBERNATE WITH STRUTS ABOUT HIBERNATE CONTINUING WITH THE APPLICATION Downloading Hibernate Adding Hibernate Library Files Creating Session Factory Creating Struts 2 Dispatcher Activating Struts 2 Dispatcher Creating Hibernate Configuration File Creating Hibernate Mapping File Adding A Mapping Resource Creating Data Access Object

9 Table Of Contents xvii Modifying GuestBookAction Modifying GuestBook Bean RUNNING THE APPLICATION SECTION IV: APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT USING STRUTS DEFINE THE PROJECT AND ITS REQUIREMENTS BUSINESS MODEL Workflow APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Intended Users OPERATING ENVIRONMENT Operating System External Software Applications Framework USER INTERFACE AND DATA ENTRY FORM REQUIREMENTS User Login Steps Alternate Steps Data Validations Search Books Steps Alternate Steps Data Validations Manage Books View Books Steps Add Books Steps Alternate Steps Data Validations Edit Books Steps Alternate Steps Data Validations Delete Books Steps PROPOSED ACTIONS LoginAction InsertBookAction EditBookAction UpdateBookAction DeleteBookAction

10 xviii Struts 2 For Beginners ManageSearchBooksAction SearchBooksAction LogoffAction PROJECT SPECIFICATIONS JAVA SERVER PAGES ACTIONS INTERCEPTORS CSS BEANS CONFIGURATION [struts.xml] PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS VALIDATIONS loginaction-validation.xml searchbookaction-validation.xml insertbookaction-validation.xml updatebookaction-validation.xml LIBRARIES TABLE STRUCTURE Database Name Table Definitions SystemUsers Books THE ADMINISTRATION HOMEPAGE [INDEX.JSP] Code Spec The Login Form [login.jsp] Form Specifications Data Fields Data Controls Micro-Help For Form Fields Code Spec Process Flow dologin [loginaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow Validations [loginaction-validation.xml] Code Spec THE SEARCH BOOKS FORM [SEARCHBOOKS.JSP] Form Specifications Data Fields Data Controls Micro-Help For Form Fields

11 Table Of Contents xix Code Spec Process Flow dosearchbooks[searchbooksaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow Validations [searchbooksaction-validation.xml] Code Spec THE MANAGE BOOKS FORM [MANAGEBOOKS.JSP] THE ADD BOOKS FORM [addbooks.jsp] Form Specifications Data Fields Data Controls Micro-Help For Form Fields Code Spec Process Flow doinsertbooks [insertbookaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow Validations [insertbooksaction-validation.xml] Code Spec SEARCH RESULTS [managebooks.jsp] Code Spec Process Flow domanagesearchbooks [managesearchbooksaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow THE UPDATE BOOKS FORM [updatebooks.jsp] Form Specifications Data Fields Data Controls Micro-Help For Form Fields Code Spec Process Flow showeditbooks [editbookaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow doupdatebooks [updatebookaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec

12 xx Struts 2 For Beginners Process Flow Validations [insertbooksaction-validation.xml] Code Spec DELETE BOOKS [managebooks.jsp] Process Flow dodeletebooks [deletebookaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow LOGOUT PROCESS FLOW dologout [logoffaction.java] Action Specifications Code Spec Process Flow BEANS AND INTERCEPTORS BOOKS BEAN CLASS Class Specifications Code Spec DBCONNECTION Class Specifications Code Spec AUTHENTICATIONINTERCEPTOR Class Specifications Code Spec Process Flow The intercept() Method RUNNING THE APPLICATION LOGIN SEARCH BOOKS MANAGE BOOKS Add Books Edit Books Delete Books LOGOUT