So Many Ways to Slap a YoHo: Hacking Facebook & YoVille
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1 Tom Stracener Strace, Contract Engineer MITRE EvilAdamSmith, Sr. Security Consultant Sean Barnum, Cybersecurity Principal MITRE So Many Ways to Slap a YoHo: Hacking Facebook & YoVille
2 Misclaneous Disclaimers
3 Its Medicinal!
4 What is YoVille?
5 What is YoVille?
6 Roadmap 1) Introduction 2) Client-side trust attacks within Application APIs 3) Attack Patterns Against Social Network Gaming 4) Impact of the attacks using YoVille as an example 5) How to keep your software off the stage at DEF CON
7 Client-Side Trust User APP2 APP1 X-Application Trust Client-Side Trust Gateway App
8 Attack Characteristics Amplification: Attacker can use one compromised account to attack that users friends via social gaming. Deception: Phishers can create messages to lure users to click on malicious links or buttons, in some cases with the URI masked Easy to Exploit: By using a MITM proxy an attacker can create fake but legitimate looking prizes, gifts, or awards. Manipulating the API is trivial.
9 Attack Characteristics Trust: Since the attacks often originate from in-game friends or neighbors there is a greater tendency to trust the content as legitimate Stealth: Because the attacks happen at the layer of application logic they are very difficult to detect (i.e. no noisy metacharacters or scripts). Urgency: Users are trained to quickly click and claim items their friends discover before the item expires or is used up.
10 Attack Patterns for Client-Side Trust 1) Application API Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle 2) Application API Content Spoofing via API Manipulation 3) Transaction or Event Tampering via API Manipulation 4) Transaction or Event Replay via API Manipulation
11 Attacks can prey on users interests or vanity The best kind of lies are those we want to be believe Clicking Allow takes you to a Adobe PDF exploit
12 Anatomy of a web 2.0 Application Framework User Client Browser Master Application User Page within Master Application is updated JavaScript Java Flash IFRAME CSS/XSL HTML Web Application API HTTP SSL REST API-KEY API-Request Broker JSON XML AJAX Application Feed Application Tier Feeds/RSS Digital Signatures Encryption Persistent Storage
13 Application Framework & API Friend Profile User Profile Application Feed Event Feed Application API Application Interface User
14 Application Framework & API IFRAME Flash Applet Friend Profile User Profile ActiveX Application Feed Event Feed Application API Application Interface User
15 Application API Content Spoofing An attacker is able to modify message content or make API calls to create arbitrary content within cross-application Messages Root Cause: Failure to protect data from modification (i.e. failure to ensure data integrity). Impact: Attacker can create deceptive content that enables social engineering attacks, phishing, or user harassment
16 Content Spoofing Example Content can be spoofed by modifying messages or creating new messages via direct query
17 Attack Execution Flow: Spoofing 1. Direct API Call Message can be a wall update or a gift, for example Application Acknowledgement 2. Feed published to Gateway App via Feed Gift/Message Sent Gift or Message is Delivered to Target
18 Cont. Client App API Method Gateway App App: GUI Feed GW: User News Feed GW: Messages\Inbox GW: Notification\Alerts
19 Attack Patterns 5) Application API Navigation Remapping 6) Application API Button Hijacking 7) Harvesting Usernames via API Event Monitoring 8) Exploit Injection via Application API Message 9) Malware Propagation via Application API Message
20 Application Trust Boundaries User APP2 APP1 Application Trust Client-Side Trust Gateway App
21 Application API Navigation Remapping When web application links that should point back to the application or its content are rewritten to trick users into following a malicious link. Root Cause: Failure to protect data from modification (i.e. failure to ensure data integrity). Impact: Potential compromise of user s machine and/or accounts via direct exploitation of browser or plugin flaws. Potential for spoofing, phishing, & authorization of malicious applications
22 API Request: Feed Processing Some of the examples of these follow in the next few slides MITM Proxy view
23 Link (Navigation) Tampering &feed_info[template_data][name]= Title of message, clickable=yes &feed_info[template_data][href]= URL for message title URI masked=yes &feed_info[template_data][caption] = Content of message Clickable=No &feed_info[template_data][media][ 0][src]= Location of Image URI masked=yes Clickable=No &feed_info[template_data][media] [0][href]= link for image within message clickable=yes URI masked=yes &feed_info[action_link][0][text]= Content of action text URI masked=yes i.e. Claim Mystery Keys &feed_info[action_link][0][href]= Content of message Clickable=No &feed_info[template_data][media][ 0][src]= Hyperlink for Message Image URI masked=yes
24 Link Tampering
25 Link Tampering
26 Attack Execution Flow 1. Application Event Game Application accessed via Gateway application Application Event Message 2. Game Application generates a structured API request to update Gateway App. Attacker Modifies Link Destinations 3. Event published to Gateway App via Feed 4..
27 Attack Patterns 5) Application API Navigation Remapping 6) Application API Button Hijacking 7) Harvesting Usernames via API Event Monitoring 8) Exploit Injection via Application API Message 9) Malware Propagation via Application API Message
28 Application API Button Hijacking CAPEC: 388 You ll have to come see the talk. ;-)
29 Attack Patterns 5) Application API Navigation Remapping 6) Application API Button Hijacking 7) Harvesting Usernames via API Event Monitoring 8) Exploit Injection via Application API Message 9) Malware Propagation via Application API Message
30 Malware Propagation via Application API Message CAPEC: 391 You ll have to come see the talk. ;-)
31 How to Keep Your Software off the Stage at DEF CON To build secure software you MUST understand how it will be attacked A broad understanding of the attackers perspective resides in the heads of a relatively small group of people - most of them are here this weekend The only way to scale this knowledge is to capture and share it in a structured and standardized way
32 Attack Patterns for Social Gaming Application API Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle Application API Content Spoofing via API Manipulation Transaction or Event Tampering via API Manipulation Transaction or Event Replay via API Manipulation Application API Navigation Remapping Application API Button Hijacking Harvesting Usernames via API Event Monitoring Exploit Injection via Application API Message Malware Propagation via Application API Message CAPEC-383 CAPEC-384 CAPEC-385 CAPEC-386 CAPEC-387 CAPEC-388 CAPEC-389 CAPEC-390 CAPEC-391
33 Prescriptive Guidance In other words: How do I avoid this $H17? You ll have to come see the talk. ;-)
Copyright
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