B. Carlson. National Research Council Canada. Conseil national de recherches Canada
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1 The EVLA Correlator B. Carlson National Research Council Canada Conseil national de recherches Canada Novel Tel. Workshop, DRAO June 14, 2011
2 EVLA project overview. Outline What is a correlator? EVLA correlator capabilities. Basic signal processing. System architecture. A view inside the correlator room. A (very) short survey of current developments/directions. B. Carlson June 14, 2001 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO The EVLA Correlator 2
3 Peter Dewdney (now SPDO) Sean Dougherty (NRC-DRAO) Dave Fort (NRC-DRAO) Sonja Vrcic (NRC-DRAO) Heng Zhang (NRC-DRAO) Zoran Ljusic (NRC-DRAO) Brent Carlson (NRC-DRAO) Dave Del Rizzo (NRC-DRAO) Ralph Webber (NRC-DRAO) Mark Halman (NRC-DAO) Dale Basnett (Contractor) Rick Smegal (Contractor) Amy Fink (frmr NRC-DRAO) Donna Morgan (NRC-DRAO) BreconRidge/Sanmina isine Inc.; Altera; Xilinx Bruce Rowen (NRAO-Socorro) Kevin Ryan (NRAO-Socorro) Hichem Ben Frej (NRAO-Socorro) Martin Pokorny (NRAO-Socorro) Ken Sowinski (NRAO-Socorro) Michael Rupen (NRAO-Socorro) Rick Perley (NRAO-Socorro) Barry Clark (NRAO-Socorro) Kerry Shores (NRAO-Socorro) Pete Pelletier (Temp/prod) Shelley Deakin (Temp/prod) Josh Fink (Temp/ship-rec v) B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 3
4 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 4
5 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 5
6 EVLA Project Overview Upgrade started ~ All new lower-noise receivers and feeds. Antennas completely gutted. Replace waveguide system with digital fiber-optic system. Samplers at the antennas for stable performance. Increase BW from ~100 MHz/pol n to 8 GHz/pol n. Contiguous frequency coverage from 1-50 GHz. New frequency-agile, high spectral and temporal resolution correlator. Project completion end of B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 6
7 Actually achieved SEFDs (initial spec): L-band 400 Jy (325) S-band 350 Jy (235) C-band 300 Jy (245) X-band 250 Jy (300) Ku-band 280 Jy (385) K-band 450 Jy (650) Ka-band 620 Jy (760) Q-band 1100 Jy (1220/2760) (Source: R. Perley, upcoming ApJLet) B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 7
8 Source: Rick Perley, NRAO B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 8
9 What is a Correlator? Calculates the cross-correlation (cross-power) coefficient for every pair of antennas in the array. XF: delay-domain cross-correlation and integration followed by FFT. FX: real-time FFT, multiply channels and integrate. These days, its most often all digital and FX. More bandwidth yields more sensitivity but higher-speed electronics. Spectral channels open up spectral-line observing (velocity, spectral index info). B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 9
10 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 10
11 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 11
12 EVLA Correlator Capabilities 32 antennas (EVLA 28 + spare capacity). 8 GHz/pol n, in 2 GHz bands. 8-bit sampling, 1 GHz/pol n x 2 = 2 GHz/pol n operational. 3-bit sampling, 2 GHz/pol n x 4 = 8 GHz/pol n samplers undergoing testing 16,384 channels/baseline up to 4 Mchannels/baseline at narrower bandwidths ( 05MHz/subband 0.5 MHz/sub-band x pol n n, 256k channels ea. 2 Hz resolution) with recirculation. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 12
13 EVLA Correlator Capabilities Stable digital sub-band filtering. Original concept was method for efficient parallel processing. Sub-bands ba (a.k.a..a. spectral windows ) 128 MHz, 64 MHz,, khz. Implemented in multi-stage digital filter in Xilinx FPGA. Each sub-band can be on different delay center on the sky (within the main beam of the antenna). All 16 GHz digital it phased-array output t available all the time. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 13
14 EVLA Correlator Capabilities Quasi-flexible sub-band tuning. WIDAR technique limited to sub-band integer slots (but stage-2 SSB mixer relaxes limitation somewhat). Pulsar phase binning: 2 banks of 2000 bins, ~200 usec bin resolution on every product. Down to ~15 usec bin resolution with reduced bandwidth. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 14
15 EVLA Correlator Capabilities High time resolution output: 100 msec (limitation due to data storage and backend processing) 10 msec 1GE output capable, 1 msec with 10GE output field upgrade. Agile dumping/integration. Each sub-band band can have different parameters locked to system timing, or model of something else like pulsar ephemeris. Sub-arraying, with granularity of 4 antennas. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 15
16 Basic Signal lprocessing Introduce small epsilon frequency shift in signal in each antenna before sampler. Remove after sub-band filtering during correlation. Aliased sub-band transition bands de-correlate with time. Moral equivalent of Walsh-function switching. Allows seamless stitching of sub-bands. But, 2X sensitivity loss at sub-band edges. All-digital sub-sample delay correction. Stable, predictable. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 16
17 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 17
18 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 18
19 System Architecture t 8 Station racks Antenna-based processing g( (wideband delay, digital filtering, signalling generation). 16 Station Boards in each rack; 4 boards per antenna. Distributed ib t cross-bar switching for flexible allocation of correlation hardware to sub-bands. (a.k.a. coarse filterbank corner-turner ) Point-to-point cables from Station racks to Baseline racks. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 19
20 Outputs to Baseline Board Pairs in Quadrants BlB Pair Q4 F:4 F:2 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:5 F:0 F:0 Q3 Q2 F:4 Q1 F:4 F:10 -Bar Board-0-U -Bar Board-1-U -Bar Board-2-U F:4 F:10 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:2 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 -Bar Board-3-U -Bar Board-4-U -Bar Board-5-U -Bar Board-6-U -Bar Board-7-U -Bar Board-0-L -Bar Board-1-L F:8 F:8 -Bar Board-2-L F:8 F:0 F:3 -Bar Board-3-L F:5 F:3 F:3 -Bar Board-4-L -Bar Board-5-L -Bar Board-6-L -Bar Board-7-L F:8 F:2 F:0 1 column/slice = 1 X-B Bar FPGA for 4 antennas X-Bar Board Connections X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- X- F:10 F:3 F:2 F:0 F:0 F:4 F:5 F:3 F:5 F:5 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:8 F:9 F:0 F:2 F:8 Station Board Outputs wafer (SBOID) Station Board Output Chip X-bars C0,A2,C2 D0,B2,D B0,B1,D A0,A1,C Station Board Digital Filters Inputs from antennas 4 Station Boards/ant Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 20
21 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 21
22 System Architecture t 8 Baseline racks baseline-based processing g( (crosscorrelation and phased-array summing). 16 boards in each rack, 2 boards correlate a sub-band pair, all 32 antennas. Can trade-off bandwidth for number of spectral channels. 1 Gigabit Ethernet correlated data output from each board. Phased-array output on 1 Gigabit Ethernet as well in VDIF format for VLBI recording. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 22
23 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 23
24 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 24
25 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 25
26 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 26
27 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 27
28 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 28
29 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 29
30 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 30
31 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 31
32 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 32
33 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 33
34 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 34
35 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 35
36 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 36
37 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 37
38 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 38
39 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 39
40 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 40
41 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 41 Credit: Paul Harden, NRAO
42 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 42 Credit: Paul Harden, NRAO
43 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 43
44 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 44
45 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 45
46 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 46
47 Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 47
48 Current Developments/Directions ti S/W correlator (NRAO): DiFX Deller, Brisken et. al. VLBA multi-(~400) phase center s/w flexibility new parameter space. 4 Gbps, ~10 antennas. ASKAP correlator (CSIRO) multi-xilinx FPGA ATCA standard. CASPER (Berkeley) single-xilinx FPGA + PPC non-standard FF, cable interconnect, libraries, fast to get going, keep up with tech curve. Uniboard (JIVE/Astron) 8 x Altera Stratix-IV recently completed/released. non-standard FF. Uniboard-2 planned (I believe). JPL ASIC (D Addario) high efficiency/compact T-MUX CMAC array with no accum memory. Plan on building proto. GSA/X421 (DRAO) physical layout for very large corr, with no cable interconnects, X421 ASIC baseline-based, time+channel int, VBA for RT IP. Kermode (DRAO) multi-xilinx FPGA ATCA standard, with flexibilities for other sig-proc + compute tasks, and interfaces. Commercial BSP planned. ALL poly-phase FX. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 48
49 General ltrends S/W correlation for small-to-medium jobs High degree of flexibility. If not software, then quick-development FPGA platforms. Quasi-general purpose FPGA boards, of varying densities, and varying interconnect schemes for small-to-large jobs. Keeping up with the technology curve is still a challenge, and is most easily done with few devices per board, but then limits performance. Must factor in total system development costs and time, not just board design and test time. Boards with FPGAs + memory + MGT fabric. Custom designs only for very large systems (e.g. SKA-2) B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 49
50 Summary EVLA project overview. What is a correlator? EVLA correlator capabilities. Basic signal processing... filterbank followed by c-lag corr. System architecture racks, cabling, M&C, power, cooling. A view inside the correlator room lotsa pictures. S/W (small-med); FPGA boards (small-large); custom (very large). B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 50
51 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 51
52 Basic Signal lprocessing All-digital sub-sample delay correction. Stable, predictable. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 52
53 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 53
54 Credit: Paul Harden, NRAO B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 54
55 B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 55
56 antennas Author, 2003-Jan EVLA Correlator Meeting - Talk Title 56
57 Awaiting longest baseline (A-config) config)data. L and Ka-band, 2 GHz BW. B. Carlson, 2011-Jun 14 Novel Tel. Workshop DRAO EVLA Correlator 57
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