SETTING UP 3 WORDPRESS SITES ON APACHE AND UBUNTU BY RAMI

Transcription

1 SETTING UP 3 WORDPRESS SITES ON APACHE AND UBUNTU BY RAMI

2 SETTING UP 3 WORDPRESS SITES ON APACHE SERVER AND UBUNTU 14.04

3 THE SET UP This may be a little rough in some places because not all the terms are explained but this is the order and steps needed, so even if you don't know what somethings mean yet just follow the steps, if you need more explanations everything is based of the tutorials at digital ocean so you can refer back to those. This tutorial basically sets up three Wordpress websites from scratch, the tutorials at digital ocean are all missing a piece of the puzzle that is needed to make the sites function with out limitations, if you ve through the tutorials already you will see by the end of this. Do not use the 1 click set up for setting up multiple websites because they have their own settings and directories which you have to change and figure out to get the to work. If you want more than three websites its just a matter of creating another new directory and copying the vanilla Wordpress files into it, following the Wordpress guide at digital ocean for setting up from scratch, then creating another apache record for it so Apache knows its there, as well as another DNS domain record, 2

4 basically repeating the same steps outlined below for another site. First Step First go to the DNS page on Digital Ocean and create 3 separate domain records for each site, exactly like the tutorial for a single Domain, all identical using the same ip address for that one droplet. When your ready, go to each websites domain provider that it s registered with and point them to Digital Oceans Name servers, nothing fancy is needed here. The set up should be in this order because some installations depend on specific resources being there before you do anything else; INITIAL SERVER SETUP (See Apache tutorial for more info) - Log in as root user and change the password they sent by , you have to do this first. - Create a new user, you then need to be logged in as this user when setting everything else up. Use the following commands: adduser demo (Next put your name were it says Username) gpasswd -a Username sudo - Add a Swap file so we don t run out of RAM (See swap file tutorial for more info) - You must be logged in as the User you just created for it to work, some of these commands after you type them will bring up available resources so you know what is there on the server, others do other stuff ;) 3

5 Use the following commands: sudo swapon -s free -m df -h sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile (the letter is an L not a 1, tutorials are horrible this way) ls -lh /swapfile sudo chmod 600 /swapfile ls -lh /swapfile sudo mkswap /swapfile sudo swapon -s free -m - Now you have to Edit a file with root privileges in your text editor: Use the following commands: sudo nano /etc/fstab - At the bottom of the file you just opened, you need to add a line that will tell the operating system to automatically use the file you created, so mover the cursor to the last line and type: /swapfile none swap sw Save your work by hitting Ctrl X (i m using mac), press Y for Yes and and hit enter to close the file when you are finished. 4

6 - Now Use the following commands to see what is there on the server: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness 60 sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10 vm.swappiness = 10 - We have to Edit the file Use the following commands: sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf - After the bottom line you can add: vm.swappiness=10 - Save and close the file by hitting Ctrl X then pressing Y when you are finished. Now Use the following commands: cat /proc/sys/vm/vfs_cache_pressure 100 sudo sysctl vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50 vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 5

7 - We have to Edit the file, Use the following commands: sudo nano /etc/sysctl.conf - At the bottom, add the line that specifies your new value: vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50 - Save and close the file when you are finished. SETTING UP A LAMP STACK (See the LAMP tutorial for more info) Install Apache - Use the following commands: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2 Install MySQL - Use the following commands: sudo apt-get install mysql-server php5-mysql sudo mysql_install_db sudo mysql_secure_installation 6

8 - You will be asked to enter the password you set for the MySQL root account. Next, it will ask you if you want to change that password. If you are happy with your current password, type "n" for "no" at the prompt. - For the rest of the questions, you should simply hit the "ENTER" key through each prompt to accept the default values. This will remove some sample users and databases, disable remote root logins, and load these new rules so that MySQL immediately respects the changes we have made. - At this point, your database system is now set up and we can move on. Install PHP This is the P in a LAMP stack and means where almost done :) - Use the following commands: sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5 php5-mcrypt - We have to Edit the file, Use the following commands: sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/dir.conf It will look like this: <IfModule mod_dir.c> DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.pl index.php index.xhtml index.htm </IfModule> - We want to move the index.php file highlighted above to the first position in the line, after the DirectoryIndex specification, to like this: <IfModule mod_dir.c> DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.cgi index.pl index.xhtml index.htm </IfModule> 7

9 - Save and close the file by hitting Ctrl X and then Y. - Use the following commands to restart the server: sudo service apache2 restart Install PHP Modules (optional) - This is optional I didn t install anything, but Use the following commands and read the description to see if you want anything. apt-cache search php5- to install sudo apt-get install package1 package2...etc SETTING UP MYSQL DATABASE: - This is for the first website only, but Remember to write down somewhere each user and pass you create. - Use the following commands mysql -u root -p (choose a database name were it says name) CREATE DATABASE name; (choose a user name were it says user, type your pass were it says your password) CREATE USER user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'yourpassword'; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON name of your database.* TO user@localhost; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit 8

10 Downloading WordPress: - Use the following commands; cd ~ wget tar xzvf latest.tar.gz sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install php5-gd libssh2-php cd ~/wordpress cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php nano wp-config.php - MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host - Type The name of the database for WordPress define('db_name', 'your database name here'); -Type your MySQL database username define('db_user', 'your user name here'); - Type you MySQL database password define('db_password', 'your password here'); - Now to Copy Files to the Document Root, Use the following commands: sudo rsync -avp ~/wordpress/ /var/www/html/ 9

11 - To Create directories for your other two other websites, they will be located in the following directory, cd /var/www/html/...so Use the following commands for the First Site; sudo mkdir /var/www/html/name of your 1st site/ Use the following commands for the second sudo mkdir /var/www/html/name of your 2nd site/ - We have to now give ownership to server, -see the guide for more info. Use the following commands; cd /var/www/html sudo chown -R user:www-data * mkdir /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads sudo chown -R :www-data /var/www/html/wp-content/uploads - In your web browser, navigate to your server's domain name or public IP address to see if it worked: IT WORKS! - Now to Configure Permalinks for WordPress: - We have to edit a file and change a few lines, Use the following commands sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin your address here DocumentRoot /var/www/html 10

12 ServerName your website address here (no ServerAlias www. your web site address here.com <Directory /var/www/html/> AllowOverride All </Directory> - Save and exit the file. - Now Use the following commands; sudo a2enmod rewrite sudo service apache2 restart - We have to Create a.htaccess File, Use the following commands; touch /var/www/html/.htaccess sudo chown :www-data /var/www/html/.htaccess chmod 664 /var/www/html/.htaccess ALL DONE up to this point it is identical to the tutorials. SET UP FOR OTHER SITES Mysql : -Use the following commands mysql -u root -p 11

13 CREATE USER 1st website IDENTIFIED BY 'your pass'; CREATE USER 2nd website IDENTIFIED BY 'your pass'; CREATE DATABASE 1st website name; CREATE DATABASE 2nd website name; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON 1st website name.* TO 1st website GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON 2nd website name.* TO 2nd website FLUSH PRIVILEGES; exit - Now Use the following commands; cd /var/www/html/ sudo mkdir 1st website name sudo mkdir 2nd website name cp ~/wordpress/wp-config-sample.php ~/wordpress/wp-config.php sudo rsync -avp ~/wordpress/ /var/www/html/1st website name/ sudo rsync -avp ~/wordpress/ /var/www/html/2nd website name/ sudo chown www-data:www-data * -R sudo usermod -a -G www-data linux_user_name 12

14 cd /var/www/html/1st website name sudo nano wp-config.php MySQL settings - Type The name of the database for WordPress define('db_name', '1st website name'); - Type MySQL database username define('db_user', 'your user name'); - Type MySQL database password define('db_password', 'your password'); cd /var/www/html/2nd website name sudo nano wp-config.php - Type The name of the database for WordPress define('db_name', '2nd website name'); define('db_user', 'your username'); define('db_password', 'your password'); sudo rsync -avp ~/wordpress/ /var/www/html/1st website name/ sudo rsync -avp ~/wordpress/ /var/www/html/2nd website name/ 13

15 [command rewrites Wordpress into directory each deleting settings] cd /var/www/html/1st website name/ sudo chown -R demo:www-data * cd /var/www/html/2nd website name/ sudo chown -R demo:www-data * cd /var/www/html/1st website name/ mkdir /var/www/html/1st website name/wp-content/uploads sudo chown -R :www-data /var/www/html/1st website name/wp-content/uploads cd /var/www/html/2nd website name/ mkdir /var/www/html/2nd website name/wp-content/uploads sudo chown -R :www-data /var/www/html/2nd website name/wp-content/uploads SETUP IS COMPLETE TEST AFTER VPS SETUP - Granting Permissions: sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/html/1st website name/ sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/html/2nd website name/ sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html 14

16 - Creating New Virtual Host Files: sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/1st website name.conf sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/1st website name.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin your address DocumentRoot /var/www/html/1st website name/ ServerName 1st website name.com (no ServerAlias www. 1st website name. com <Directory /var/www/html/1st website name > AllowOverride All </Directory> - For the second Website; sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf /etc/apache2/sites-available/2nd website name.conf sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/2nd website name.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin your address DocumentRoot /var/www/html/2nd website name/ ServerName 2nd website name.com 15

17 ServerAlias www. 2nd website name. com <Directory /var/www/html/> AllowOverride All </Directory> - Save and Exit then use the following command sudo a2enmod 1st website name.conf rewrite sudo service apache2 restart sudo a2ensite 1st website name.conf sudo service apache2 restart sudo a2ensite 2nd website name.conf sudo service apache2 restart Wordpress Uploads: - In order for uploads to work on the other two websites, you have to give permission to www-data, the apache user, so Wordpress can write to your directories, it can t be your own user root or your user name. sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/your yoursite2/ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/your website3/ 16

18 - If you ever need to work on files in these directories and you don t have permission to do so you have to switch it back to the root username or your user and when your done switch it back to www-data, the Apache user for Wordpress to use the directories again. This is done by substituting www-data for root in the following command; sudo chown -R root:root /var/www/html/site3/ [ The command used to look like this, sudo chown -R www-data:www-data] INCREASING THE WORDPRESS UPLOAD SIZE: - Otherwise you cant upload good themes and other apps and files. -We have to Edit a very, very lengthy file by using the following command; sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini - Edit the file In this order Under Resource Limits change max_execution_time to = 300 Under Data Handling increase Max post size from 8M to 100M or anything you like. Now Under FILE UPLOADS look for upload_max_filesize = 2M text and replace it with upload_max_filesize = 1000M or anything else you wish. 17

19 - Save and exit the file, by hitting ctrl x, press y, then hit return. - Restart your Apache 2 server using following command sudo service apache2 restart WE ARE ALL DONE 18

20 RESOURCES The tutorial is a little rough in some places but i used some of the following resources to write it which you may find helpful: How To Install Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP) stack on Ubuntu nux-apache-mysql-php-lamp-stack-on-ubuntu How To Set Up Apache Virtual Hosts on Ubuntu LTS How To Set Up Multiple WordPress Sites on a Single Ubuntu VPS How To Configure the Apache Web Server on an Ubuntu or Debian VPS 19

21 untu-or-debian-vps How To Optimize Apache Web Server Performance How To Install and Configure Varnish with Apache on Ubuntu n-ubuntu DNS 1. An Introduction to DNS Terminology, Components, and Concepts 2. A Comparison of DNS Server Types: How To Choose the Right DNS Configuration 3. How To Set Up a Host Name with DigitalOcean 4. How To Configure Bind as a Caching or Forwarding DNS Server on Ubuntu How To Configure Bind as an Authoritative-Only DNS Server on Ubuntu How To Configure BIND as a Private Network DNS Server on Ubuntu How To Use NSD, an Authoritative-Only DNS Server, on Ubuntu d-concepts How To Set Up and Test DNS Subdomains with DigitalOcean's DNS Panel alocean-s-dns-panel DNS Tips and Tricks How To Configure DNS Round-Robin Load-Balancing For High-Availability How To Use Dig, Whois, & Ping on an Ubuntu VPS to Query DNS Data 20

22 ery-dns-data How To Set Up and Test DNS Subdomains with DigitalOcean's DNS Panel How To Set Up and Test DNS Subdomains with DigitalOcean's DNS Panel Pasted from < 21