Raspberry Pi Kernel Install. By: Daniel Rizko

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1 Raspberry Pi Kernel Install By: Daniel Rizko

2 Introduction In this presentation I will be demonstrating three things. 1. Building a cross compiler from scratch using crosstool-ng for Raspberry Pi hardware. 2. Building the Raspberry Pi Kernel with the newly created cross compiler. 3. Installing and running the Raspberry Pi system with the newly configured Kernel.

3 Raspberry Pi Board Here is a picture with the high level layout of the board. Specs 1 : SoC: Broadcom BCM (CPU, GPU, DSP, SDRAM, and one USB Port CPU: 700 Mhz ARM1176JZF-S core (ARM11 family, ARMv6 Instruction) SDRAM: 512MB (Shared with GPU) USB: 2 USB ports Video Input: A CSI input connector allows for the connection of a RPF designed camera module Video Outputs: Composite RCA, HDMI rev 1.4, raw LCD Panels via DSI Audio Outputs: 3.5 mm jack, HDMI, I 2 S audio. Network: 10/100 Ethernet USB adapter on the third port of the USB hub 1. Taken from source 3

4 Equipment Needed: 1. Raspberry Pi Board 2. SD Card (Using 8GB ADATA) 3. Serial Cable 4. Workstation w/ Linux install (Using Debian squeeze on Virtual Machine on Windows 7)

Getting Image on Raspberry Pi To get an image on the RPi (Raspberry Pi) you need to download the image from the link: http://www.raspberrypi.

5 Getting Image on Raspberry Pi To get an image on the RPi (Raspberry Pi) you need to download the image from the link: If you use windows you need a tool called Win32 Disk Imager (see link) Extract the software and do the following: Or if you are using Linux do the following 1 : dd if=~/ wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/sdx danny@debian-danny:~$ sudo dd if= wheezy-raspbian.img of=/dev/sdb bs=4m records in records out bytes (1.9 GB) copied, s, 4.7 MB/s danny@debian-danny:~/projects/raspberry_pi/images$ 1. See issues encountered #1.

6 Cross Compiler Install Download and install crosstool-ng on your host computer by doing the following: wget bz2 tar xjf crosstool-ng-version.tar.bz2 cd crosstool-ng-version./configure --prefix=/some/place make make install export PATH="${PATH}:/some/place/bin" Note: Got from crosstool-ng website, can be found in references. Using v. crosstool-ng

7 Cross Compiler Setup Cross Compiler menuconfig Run ct-ng menuconfig Select the following options: Path and misc options -> Try features marked as EXPERIMENTAL Change Path and misc options -> Prefix Directory if needed Target options -> Target Architecture -> arm Operating System -> Target OS -> linux Binary utilities -> binutils version -> a (or any none experimental version) C compiler -> gcc version -> linaro Save Changes

8 Cross Compiler Build Build Cross Compiler Run ct-ng build (This will take sometime) ct-ng build [INFO ] Performing some trivial sanity checks [INFO ] Build started [INFO ] Building environment variables [INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs [INFO ] Retrieving needed toolchain components' tarballs: done in s (at 13:22) [INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components [INFO ] Extracting and patching toolchain components: done in s (at 16:32) [INFO ] Installing GMP for host [INFO ] Installing GMP for host: done in 71.52s (at 17:44) [INFO ] Installing MPFR for host [INFO ] Installing MPFR for host: done in 35.80s (at 18:20) [INFO ] Installing PPL for host [INFO ] Installing PPL for host: done in s (at 26:09) [INFO ] Installing CLooG/PPL for host [INFO ] Installing CLooG/PPL for host: done in 12.20s (at 26:21) [INFO ] Installing MPC for host [INFO ] Installing MPC for host: done in 12.97s (at 26:34) [INFO ] Installing binutils for host [INFO ] Installing binutils for host: done in s (at 28:50) [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler [INFO ] Installing pass-1 core C compiler: done in s (at 40:01) [INFO ] Installing kernel headers [INFO ] Installing kernel headers: done in 7.85s (at 40:09) [INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files [INFO ] Installing C library headers & start files: done in 33.73s (at 40:43) [INFO ] Installing pass-2 core C compiler [INFO ] Installing pass-2 core C compiler: done in s (at 56:04) [INFO ] Installing C library [INFO ] Installing C library: done in s (at 68:27) [INFO ] Installing final compiler [INFO ] Installing final compiler: done in s (at 83:15) [INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain's directory [INFO ] Stripping all toolchain executables [INFO ] Cleaning-up the toolchain's directory: done in 1.87s (at 83:17) [INFO ] Build completed at [INFO ] (elapsed: 83:16.97) danny@debian-danny:~/projects/raspberry_pi/build-tools/cross-stage$

9 Verifying Cross Compiler Build Once the build is complete Check the Prefix Directory you set in the menuconfig. Output should be: # ls ${SOME_PREFIX}/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-addr2line arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gprof arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ar arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ld arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-as arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ld.bfd arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-cc arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ldd arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-c++filt arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-nm arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-cpp arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-objcopy arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ct-ng.config arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-objdump arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-elfedit arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-populate arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-ranlib arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-readelf arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-ar arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-size arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-nm arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-strings arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc-ranlib arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-strip arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcov Set Path with command export PATH=$PATH:${SOME_PREFIX}/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gneabi/bin Run arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-gcc --version to make sure path is correct

10 Kernel Download With Git To get the Raspberry Pi Kernel you have to do the following: Go to the directory where you want to configure and build your kernel and run the following: git init git fetch git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git rpi-3.6.y:refs/remotes/origin/rpi-3.6.y git checkout rpi-3.6.y git init Initialized empty Git repository in /home/danny/projects/raspberry_pi/.git/ git fetch \ >git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git \ >rpi-3.6.y:refs/remotes/origin/rpi-3.6.y remote: Counting objects: , done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (453272/453272), done. Receiving objects: 100% ( / ), MiB 618 KiB/s, done. remote: Total (delta ), reused (delta ) Resolving deltas: 100% ( / ), done. From git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux * [new branch] rpi-3.6.y -> origin/rpi-3.6.y danny@debian-danny:~/projects/raspberry_pi/kernel$ git checkout rpi-3.6.y

11 Kernel Setup and Build From a terminal go to the directory where you have checked out the git repository from the previous slide and run the following commands: export CCPREFIX=/full/path/to/cross/compiler/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- *1 For example mine looked like: export CCPREFIX=/home/danny/projects/raspberry_pi/build-tools/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- make ARCH=arm bcmrpi_defconfig This command is for loading the kernel's config with the default setup of raspberry pi. make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CCPREFIX} make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CCPREFIX} modules Create a folder from your modules and export it as a path: export MOD_DIR=~/modules_tmp make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=${CCPREFIX} INSTALL_MOD_PATH=${MOD_DIR} modules_install Now the modules should be in the $MOD_DIR folder. Mount your SD Card to your system and overwrite the contents of your root directory /lib/modules and /lib/firmware with ~$MOD_DIR/lib/modules and ~$MOD_DIR/lib/firmware 2 *1: For example mine looked like: export CCPREFIX=/home/danny/projects/raspberry_pi/build-tools/x-tools/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi/bin/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-' 2: See "Issues Encountered" #3

First Time Boot Now it is time to test your build, unmount your SD Card and plug it into your RPi. Make sure you are connected to either the HDMI port or a serial cable.

12 First Time Boot Now it is time to test your build, unmount your SD Card and plug it into your RPi. Make sure you are connected to either the HDMI port or a serial cable. For serial communication I am using the PL2303HX USB to TTL to UART RS232 (connection can be seen in the picture.) Once the board is powered on (once red wire of serial cable is plugged in.) Debian GNU/Linux 7.0 raspberrypi ttyama0 raspberrypi login: Default username: pi Password: raspberry Buad = , 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, No hardware flow control, No parity (You can use any serial program, I used putty)

13 Small Modifications I also made some very simple modifications for this image. Create root password by doing: sudo passwd root Change username from 'pi' to 'danny' Sign out of pi username using command exit Login as root and run: usermod -l danny pi Change password from 'raspberry' to something else run: passwd danny Change login banner: Edited file /etc/issue to reflect a different message at login.

14 Issues Encountered 1. This was not working because I forgot to unmount the partitions that were mounted with automount, and also you need to do this command as root. I was getting the same output as issue 3 for this problem. 2. When building the kernel make sure to include the path of the CROSS_COMPILER THE FULL PATH: The following did not work for me. For example export CROSS_COMPILER=arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi-should not be used. Instead it should look like this export CROSS_COMPILER=/full_path/bin/arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi- 3. After I setup the SDCard and plugged it into the raspberry pi and got the following message: [ ] Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance. [ ] [<c0013a7c>] (unwind_backtrace+0x0/0xf0) from [<c0393f04>] (panic+0x94/0x1e4) [ ] [<c0393f04>] (panic+0x94/0x1e4) from [<c03936c0>] (init_post+0xa8/0xcc) [ ] [<c03936c0>] (init_post+0xa8/0xcc) from [<c04e68f4>] (kernel_init+0x170/0x1a8) PANIC: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance. Entering kdb (current=0xda82ac80, pid 1) due to Keyboard Entry kdb> The reason why this was happening is because I was installing the modules by overwriting the /lib directory instead of only overwriting lib/firmware and /lib/modules.

15 Conclusion Overall the demonstration was successful, and I encountered 3 main issues and we have accomplished all of our goals of building a cross compiler building a kernel for Raspberry Pi, and running the system with that new kernel.

16 References "Chris's Digital Realm." Chriss Digital Realm. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 June < net/archives/2012/05/26/how-to-build-a-cross-compiler-for-your-raspberry-pi/>. "Linux Change or Rename User Name and UID (user-id)." Frequently Asked Questions About Linux UNIX RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 June < "Raspberry Pi." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 10 June < org/wiki/raspberry_pi>. "RPi Easy SD Card Setup." ELinux.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 June < org/rpi_easy_sd_card_setup>. "RPi Kernel Compilation." ELinux.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 June < org/rpi_kernel_compilation>.

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