My Own Help On Unix Environment

Transcription

1 My Own Help On Unix Environment ***** *** * This is my own collection on some tips/hints to help my work on Unix Environment. As my Unix is my second skill, hence the information here is very basic and only work in circumstances. Table of Content 1.0 For the Slow FTP Temporary/Permant adding a new IP to network card Domain Name Service (DNS) For Sendmail and defined main on Sun Solaris If Statement Case Statement For statement Expression Null command While statement Until Statement Continue statement Run things at background Redirect output file Mounting and Unmounting the CD-ROM Mounting a Local CD-ROM Drive Mounting a Remote CD-ROM Drive Umounting a Local CD-ROM Drive Unmounting a Remote CD-ROM Drive... 7

2 1.0 For the Slow FTP. Could be the cause of ipv6 and ipv4 (on Winws it uses ipv4) so we might need to force it to use ipv4 only. Create a new file /etc/netsvc.cnf and enter as below hosts=local4=auth,bind4 /* this looks at the localhost then the authorisation will be used under bind4 (ie: ipv4) 2.0 Temporary/Permant adding a new IP to network card. We can use the ifconfig command #ifconfig en0 inet up This command above will add an IP to NIC Domain Name Service (DNS) For the Domain Name Service Edit the /etc/resolv.conf and add two line nameserver main oz.quest.com 4.0 For Sendmail and defined main on Sun Solaris. Look at /etc/init.d/inetinit for setting up a default Domain/Router/Gateway etc... or simply create a new /etc/defautlmain /*as specify in /etc/init.d/inetinit */ and enter a default main name. Run a "man mainname" for more information. For sendmail to work with an option of MailerTable and DomainTable, make sure the Domain are correcting setup on both mailertable and maintable.

3 5.0 If Statement The following is described the If statement. if... then... elif... then elif... then... else... fi eg: #cat > user if who grep $1 then echo "User $1 is login" else echo "$1 isn't login" fi #user testuser1 here $1 will return testuser1 variable in the "grep $1" And this value $1 is represent a Standard Output (stut) 6.0 Case Statement The following is described the Case statement. case $1 in NotLogIn01 NotLogIn02 NotLogIn03 NotLogIn04) echo "$1 is not login";; User01) echo "user 01 is login";; User02) echo "user 02 is login";; *) "Sorry no user like that has been found";; esac Here " " is defined as " or " ";;" defined that the command will run untiil this end " * " defined that all other variable, should place at the end of case statement. 7.0 For statement The following is described the For statement. for it in * echo $1

4 8.0 Expression To execute the expression, we can use " [ " Note that, it has to be space between the character. This is also called a test command. eg: #[ 7 -gt 6 ] This will test if 7 is greater than Null command A Null command is represent by " : " that esn't execute anything While statement The following is described the While statement. while ls grep green echo "found file green" cat green This will execute until the " green " has been removed or Ctrl + C has been pressed. To avoid a continuous loop, we use a " break " command while echo " Press 99 to exit read keypress if [ $keypress -eq 99 ] then break else echo "You typed $keypress" fi

5 11.0 Until Statement The following is described the Until statement. until ls grep green echo " green isn't found. here is a list of availble files " ls g* This will execute until this condition isn't true (ie: green file isn't there) Continue statement This allows us to execute some of the commands in a FOR loop and leave others out. for filvar if [! -f "$filvar" ] then echo "$filvar esn't exist" continue fi cat $filvar If we open an existing file, it will run " cat " cmd. If we run without an existing file, then only " echo " cmd is executed Run things at background To run things in the background, we use & simple. For example, we end the " " command with " & " (ie: " & " ) 14.0 Redirect output file To redirect standard error to output file by typing " 2>filename " after a " " command (ie: " 2>FileName " )

6 15.0 Mounting and Unmounting the CD-ROM This appendix describes how to mount and unmount the Campus CD-ROM on an AIX system and provides general information only. For more detailed instructions, consult your AIX cumentation. You can install Campus from a CD-ROM mounted on the Campus server system or from a CD- ROM mounted on a remote AIX system. After you complete the Campus installation, you must unmount the CD-ROM drive. This appendix contains: 15.1 Mounting a Local CD-ROM Drive To mount a local CD-ROM drive: Step 1 Insert the Campus CD-ROM. Step 2 Become the superuser by entering the command su and the root password at the command prompt, or log in as root. The command prompt changes to the pound sign (#). Step 3 If the /cdrom directory es not already exist, enter the following command to create it: # mkdir /cdrom Step 4 Start SMIT by entering: # smit Step 5 From the SMIT System Management menu, select System Storage Management (Physical & Logical Storage). Step 6 Select File Systems. Step 7 Select Add/Change/Show/Delete File Systems. Step 8 Select CDROM File Systems. Step 9 Select Add a CDROM File System Step 10 Click the DEVICE name List button, and select the device name (such as cd0) from the list that appears. Step 11 Enter the name of a mount point directory (such as /cdrom) in the Mount Point field. Step 12 Click OK and check for messages in the Output: field. If you have already performed this procedure, or if another device is already mounted on the mount point, the process fails. Step 13 Click Done. Click Cancel to clear the Add CD-ROM File System dialog box. Step 14 Stop SMIT by pressing F12 or selecting Exit > Exit SMIT. Step 15 Enter the following at the command prompt: # smit mountfs The Mount a File System dialog box appears. Step 16 Click the FILE SYSTEM name List button, and select the device name of the CD-ROM drive that you want to mount (such as cd0) from the list that appears. Step 17 In the DIRECTORY over which to mount field, enter the name of a mount point directory (for example, /cdrom). Step 18 Click the TYPE of file system List button, and select cdrfs as the filesystem type. Step 19 Set the Mount as Read-Only system field to yes. Step 20 Click OK and check for messages in the Output: field. If the mount is successful, there are no messages. Step 21 Click Done.

7 Step 22 Click Cancel to exit SMIT Mounting a Remote CD-ROM Drive To mount a remote CD-ROM drive: Step 1 Perform all steps described in 15.1 on the remote workstation. Step 2 From the command line, enter this command: # smit mknfsexp The Add a Directory to Exports List dialog box appears. Step 3 Enter the CD-ROM mount point directory (such as /cdrom) in the PATHNAME of directory to export field. Step 4 Use the arrow buttons to change the Mode to Export Directory field to read-only. Step 5 Enter the appropriate information, if necessary, into the other fields. Step 6 Click OK, and check for messages in the Output: field. Step 7 Click Done. Step 8 Click Cancel to exit SMIT. After working on the remote workstation, perform the following steps on the local workstation: a. Log in as root. b. Enter this command: # mount remote_hostname:remote_exported_filesystem_name \ local_mount_point For example, to mount the /cdrom remote filesystem from the workstation zen to the local /cdrom directory, enter this command: # mount zen:/cdrom /cdrom 15.3 Umounting a Local CD-ROM Drive To unmount a local CD-ROM drive: Step 1 Unmount the CD-ROM filesystem by performing one of the following procedures: a. As root, enter: # cd # umount themountpoint Where themountpoint is the directory on the local system on which you mounted the CD-ROM. For example, if you mounted the CD-ROM on the local directory /cdrom, enter unmount / cdrom: Or a. As root, start SMIT by entering smit. b. Select System Storage Management. c. Select File Systems. d. Select Unmount a File System. e. Enter the mountpoint in the Name of the file system to unmount field. f. Click OK. Step 2 Remove the CD-ROM and store it in a safe place Unmounting a Remote CD-ROM Drive To unmount a remote CD-ROM drive: Step 1 As root, invoke SMIT at the remote machine by entering the command smit.

8 Step 2 Select System Storage Management (Physical & Local Storage). Step 3 Select File Systems. Step 4 Select Add/Change/Show/Delete File Systems. Step 5 Select Network File System (NFS). Step 6 Select Network File System (NFS) again. Step 7 Select Remove a Directory from Exports List. Step 8 Enter the CD-ROM mount point directory (such as /cdrom) in the PATHNAME of exported directory to be removed field and click OK. Step 9 As root, enter these commands on the remote and local machines: # cd # umount themountpoint Where themountpoint is the directory on the system on which you mounted the CD-ROM. For example, if you mounted the CD-ROM on the directory /cdrom on both the local and remote systems, you would enter this command on both machines: # umount /cdrom Note Alternatively, you can use SMIT to unmount the CD-ROM filesystem on the local machine as explained in the 15.3 section. Step 10 Remove the CD-ROM and store it in a safe place.