Access Made Easy. Form Controls.

Transcription

1 Access Made Easy Form Controls 06

2 This guide was prepared for AccessAllInOne.com by: Robert Austin This is one of a series of guides pertaining to the use of Microsoft Access. AXLSolutions 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, or by any means, without permission in writing.

3 Contents Form Controls... 3 Form Designer Ribbon... 4 Form Tools... 4 Property Sheet... 4 Fields Sheet... 4 Controls Form Object... 5 Controls Text Boxes... 5 Controls Labels... 8 Controls Buttons... 9 Controls List Boxes Controls Combobox Using queries as a row source Controls Tab Controls Attachments Control Image Control Check-Box, Option and Toggle Buttons Controls Frame or Option Group Controls Hyperlink Controls Wizard Questions Answers... 29

4 Form Controls In this unit we will focus on the controls with which we populate our forms. We will take another look at the form designer and discover where the controls are located, how to change their properties with the Property Sheet and how to bind controls to the record source. This unit will be more practical than previous units to encourage you to get a good feel and understanding of controls and their uses. Form Views Form Controls Figure 6.1 Form Tools Figure 6.2 Figure 6.3 Figure 6.4

5 To get us started, the four main objects you will be using are in figure 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.4. Form Designer Ribbon The centre of the form ribbon (figure 6.1) contains all the form controls you need to develop Access Applications. The Form View section lets you choose between Form View, Developer View, Layout View, and Datasheet View. Form View displays the form in run-time. Controls are bound to the Form Object Record Source and can modify, add or delete data. Layout View allows controls to be rearranged and helps with creating pleasing interfaces. Controls from the Field List can be dropped onto the form and control properties can be altered, but Events cannot be added or edited and data cannot be changed. Design View gives you full control over the form. Controls can be added, removed, shifted around and have their properties altered. Controls are not bound to the record source in design view but indicate the field they will try to use when in layout and form view. Form Tools The tool you will interact with the most is the Property Sheet. Property Sheet Property Sheet figure 6.3 displays all the properties of the form control currently selected. The cursor in the figure 6.3 is highlighting the control StudentID. This combo box will change to the control currently selected. Alternatively you can open the dropdown menu and select a control from the list. Properties are grouped into four sections: Format houses every field associated with control presentation. Data houses every field associated with the control s data, e.g. Record Source. Events contains every event to which the controls react. Other other settings that don t fit into any of the above. All an unordered list of properties. Fields Sheet Add Existing Fields figure 6.2 If the Form Object has a Record Source set, the Fields Sheet will provide all the fields available to the form from the Record Source Recordset. These can be dragged onto the form in Design or Layout View. In addition to the Fields Sheet will be those of tables that are directly related to the forms record source. Figure 6.4 show tbldepartment and tblsuppliers are related tables and their fields are available behind the + sign.

6 Controls Form Object To get us started developing forms, we will create a new blank form and connect it to a table. Please open up Consumables.accdb. Open the database in administrative mode by holding shift when opening the accdb file. Mouse over the Create Ribbon and click the Form Design button. Save the form as frmdevform1. The form object is unbound and is not connected to any source of data. Press F4 to view the property sheet. Click on the Data tab and select the tbldepartment table for the Record Source. This action has set the Form Object s recordset to tbldepartment (figure 6.5). Click on Add Existing Fields in the Tools group of the Design Tab and we can see in the Field List that all tbldepartment fields are available to the form. Figure 6.5 Figure 6.6 Now we ll add some controls to let us edit the table. Controls Text Boxes Text boxes are by far the most useful control at our disposal. They allow almost any data type to be edited and can also perform validation and input masks to assist developers in ensuring users enter only valid data. Add the Text Box control to the form by first clicking the Text Box then drawing out a text box on the form area. You should now have an unbound Text Box and it s label Text0:

7 Figure 6.7 shows the process you will go through as you add the text box to the form. Figure 6.7 All controls that are painted onto the form in this manner will be Unbound. Unbound controls will not contain any data retrieved from the form s recordset (which should now be set to tbldepartment). Binding controls to record source fields With the text box selected as figure 6.7, go to the property sheet, click on Data tab and set the Control Source to Department. Then in the Other tab change the Name to txtdept. The text box will now have the field name it is connected to as text in the box. The Name field is that control s name. The Text0: to the left is a label. Most controls when they are created have a label associated with them; they will move around the form with their parent object. Highlight the text box. Set the Control Source to Department.

8 Change the name of the text box to txtdept. Figure 6.8 Now change to Form View, figure 6.1 and the text box will have tbldepartment data in it. You can use the form s navigation buttons (or the left and right arrow keys) to cycle through the records of the tbldepartment table. Warning! This control is live! If you make a change to the data in the control it will be saved to the database. Figure 6.9

9 Locking Controls To prevent any alteration of data through a control, i.e. to make it Read-Only, change the form back into Design or Layout Mode, bring up the property sheet, click the Data tab and change the Locked property to Yes (figure 6.10). Figure 6.10 Disabling controls Just locking a control doesn t stop a user from selecting the text nor changing the focus to the control (changing the focus to the control whilst locked can be useful for allowing copy-paste operations). If we would like a control to simply display data but not allow copy-paste nor allow the control to have focus, we can change the Enabled property to No on the control. On your form, select the text box and change the Enabled property to No (enabled is just above Locked in figure 6.10). Save. Switch the form to Form View and try to click into the control. What we have made here is a textbox that changes as we cycle through the tbldepartment records but cannot be updated, deleted or receive the focus. Controls Labels Labels provide instruction or notice to the user that does not change. Form headings, footer remarks, labels for controls, useful hints to the user. They don t actually contain any data but do react to some events. Click on the label of the txtdept control. Select the Format tab on the Property Sheet. The first property is Caption.

10 Control Captions Labels, Buttons and some other controls have a property called Caption. This is the text that you wish the control to display. Usually this property is only available for those controls that do not bind to data. Change the text in the label to Department Name. The text in the label will be updated immediately but you will need to resize it and change its position to line up with the text box. Figure 6.11 The little circles in figure 6.11 mark out all you need to move the controls independently of one another; otherwise any movement of a control or its label will result in both moving together. Formatting controls Labels and all other controls possess a lot of options with regards to their format, style, border style, 3D effect etc. Select the label once more, click on the Format tab on the property sheet and move down to the background colour property; change the colours to whatever you like and make sure the Back Style property is set to normal. You can also change the border style to 1pt and alter its colour. Font formats are also available below that. Labels, aside from giving static visual information do not do anything. If we want actions to be performed we have to use buttons. Controls Buttons Buttons are solely for the use of executing actions. You may change their format and style just like you can with labels and text boxes but buttons have a short set of concise events associated with them. Click the Button control in the Controls Ribbon and draw a button onto your form (figure 6.12). The button is given a default caption of Command followed by a number. Click on the format tab of the properties window and change the caption to Display MsgBox.

11 Figure 6.12 Change the Name of the control to cmddisplaymsgbox then click on the Events Tab. We have prefixed the name of the control with cmd because it s a command button control. 1 Adding Events The events tab at the very top has the OnClick event. Click the ellipsis circle in red and when you see figure 6.14, highlight Code Builder and click OK. Figure 6.13 Figure We use 3 letter short-hand versions of the controls to make identification easier. Text boxes use the txt prefix, labels the lbl prefix, option buttons the opt prefix, etc.

12 In the code window type the MsgBox code to look like figure 6.15, click save and close the code window. Change the form to Form View and click the button and figure 6.16 should display. Figure 6.15 Figure 6.16 Other events are coded the same way. Note: This is the first time you will have used any VBA on this course. We dedicate an entire unit to VBA later on in this course. Controls List Boxes List boxes, along with combo boxes, provide a method for displaying lists of data and making use of selected data. You can configure list boxes to allow one or multiple select items within to be selected. We will setup the control to list all departments and allow one to be selected, but first we have to change the form a little. Open your form and delete all the controls. In the Controls Ribbon click the List Box icon and draw a new listbox onto your form. Now, select the Form Object and change the Record Source to tblconsumables. Change the control source and row source properties to match Figure Now put the form into Form View and your control will be populated with numbers (Figure 6.18)! Why is that?

13 Figure 6.17 Figure 6.18 Setup list boxes and combo box with columns List boxes and combo boxes fetch their data themselves and have their own recordset object, but they are not very clever at displaying it. Under the Data tab the Row Source property specifies the location of that data or specifies a query or SQL statement from which the data comes. At the moment we have the row source set to tbldepartment and so the list box will only read one value (DepartmentID) without being formatted. In order to display the values we want to see we need to change the Row Source to tbldepartment. Change the form to layout or design view and then click on the ellipsis in the row source property Figure 6.19 What we need to do is setup the list box or combo control to display column 2 Department and store the value of column 1 DepartmentID. We have already set the control s Control Source property to Department, so when a user selects a row in the list box, that row s value will be saved into the Department field of the parent form. Beneath that property is another called Bound Column which will already be set to column 1 ( DepartmentID). Now we just need to display columns 2 and 3 and hide column 1.

14 Hiding the bound column Open the Format tab and the first couple of properties allow us to do just that. Column Count sets the number of columns that are visible in the List box or Combo box. Set it to 3. Under Column Widths enter 0;3;2 (Figure 6.21), and that s the trick! Column 1 is hidden by having no width, whilst columns 2 and 3 are set to be visible. Figure 6.21 Now flick the form back to Form View and you ll see only columns 2 and 3 in figure 6.18! In a Combo Box we will design our own query and display those results. Default Values All controls that can be linked to a Control Source can be set to a default value. This is identical in behaviour to the default value property in tables. The Default value in controls may be set completely differently to that of the underlying field. Enabling and disabling controls An interesting feature of bound controls is that they can be disabled. This is interesting for two reasons; firstly, they give the user the knowledge that the content cannot be changed useful for primary keys and other non-changeable data but they can also be enabled when a specific action has been completed for example having clicked another button or selected a control from a radio option. On double click event We ll demonstrate the on double-click event as well as the enabling and disabling of a control.

15 Highlight the list box and change its name to lbxdepartments. Add a new command button to the form. In Other, change its name to cmdtoggleenabled. In Events enter On Dbl Click and click the ellipsis, select code if asked. Private Sub cmdtoggleenabled_dblclick(cancel As Integer) lbxdepartments.enabled = Not lbxdepartments.enabled End Sub In the code window enter the above text. Save, flip back to the form, change it to Form View and double click the button. The little piece of code we entered above changes the Enabled property to its opposite. Double click the button and the list box control will toggle between enabled and disabled. Controls Combobox Combobox controls are very much like List boxes in operation and features except that comboboxes select only one row and display their lists when clicked. Using queries as a row source Open a new form and save it. Click the combo box control icon in the controls ribbon, draw the new control onto the form and press F4 to bring up the control s property sheet, flip to Data and click the ellipsis of the Row Source property. You will be asked if you want to use the query editor (figure 6.19). Click Yes. Figure 6.23 In the query window we will ask for all consumable records to be returned together with their SupplierID and Supplier name.

16 Add the two tables tblsuppliers and tblconsumables. The relationship shown in figure 6.23 will automatically be placed. Drag down the SupplierID and the Supplier fields from tblsupplier, and drag down the ConsumableName field from tblconsumable table. Now, counter to reason, click the big Close button, top right of the ribbon. You will receive a long message; click Yes you just agreed to Access turning your query into an SQL statement and have that SQL statement saved into your combo box s Row Source property. Alternatively we could save the query as an object in itself, but we don t need to do that for this exercise. When you are done, right click the Row Source property and Zoom, and it should look something light figure In the List box section we used the table tbldepartment and relied on that table s structure to choose the position of the primary key field (DepartmentID). Here in our query we chose for ourselves the first field to be SupplierID and the description fields to follow. Now we must setup the combobox to bind to the correct column and display the correct data. Still under the data property tab, ensure Bound Column is set to 1. Under the Format tab, Column Count should be 3. Column widths should be 0;3;2 again. Now change to Form View and you will see our query results displayed in the dropdown of the box. Figure 6.24

17 Unbound Controls You may have noticed we did not set the combo box to bind to a field. This is perfectly acceptable and still allows the control to perform exactly as expected. The only thing that doesn t happen, is the value the user selects is not placed into a table but kept for itself. Sometimes this is exactly the behaviour we want. For example, open the Teaching Institute Software System and you will be presented with frmemployeelogin. The combobox does not link to a table and hides itself to be used later in the application. Controls Tab If you are not in the Teaching Institute system please open it up as we will be referring to it going forward. The tab control is a container that contains other controls. We ve seen them used in settings, preferences, multi-tasks and other places; Access gives you the option to use them too. As figure 2.26 shows the context menu allows you to insert pages, delete pages and reorder these pages at will. In this section we will add some controls to each page, check the unique features of controls and learn more about access form controls in general. Firstly, tabs do not bind to anything, they only contain other controls which may bind and react to a very short list of events. We will recreate the above tab and include an attachment object just to show off and demonstrate tab and attachments. Figure 6.26

18 Adding controls to tabs Create a new form and save it as frmtesttab. Click the Tab control in the Controls group of the Design tab, draw a 4 by 4 tab onto the form and pages 1 and 2 will have already been created for you. Right-click somewhere on the tab control and select Page Order. Change the page order such that page 2 is first. Click ok when done and select page one. Click the Format tab of the property sheet and enter the text Last for the Caption property; change page 2 to First. Highlight the first page again and click on a command button. Draw the small command button into the Tab (try to do it without looking at figure 2.27). Change its caption to 3. Change its name to btn3 and add the following code to the onclick event: MsgBox "Button " & Me.ActiveControl.Caption & " was clicked", vbcritical Open the Last tab and add another two buttons to perform a similar operation as btn3 and copy in the same line of code to their Event Procedure make sure to use the Layout View to align the two buttons (figure 6.28). Figure 6.27 Figure 6.28 In Form View, when clicking buttons 1 and 2 you should receive a similar message to button 3, except it should say 1 or 2. There is only one control that Access does not allow into a Tab Control, and that s another Tab Control. Now we can get more adventurous. In the next section we ll add an attachment field to a new tab. Controls Attachments Attachments are a new data type introduced in Access 2007 to provide us with an ability to insert files into a database. Unlike hyperlinks which link to outside objects the attachment control actually imports files into an Access database which means Access never loses consistency nor has to maintain files outside its control something that is a problem with hyperlinks.

19 The Teaching Institute Software System has implemented an attachment field in tblstudents and has included some mug shots so we can get started immediately with using attachments. The Attachment control is a paperclip and is added to the form in the same way as other controls. As a way of continuation of the Tab Control exercise, add an attachment control into the Last page of the tab control. Name the attachment control attpicture and change its label caption to Picture. Use the Layout View to position it and its label into the same configuration as figure Figure 2.29 The attachment control at the moment does nothing. Even in Form View any manipulation of the control is futile. Unlike less complicated controls, the attachment control can only have the value of an underlying table field of data type attachment. That being the case we will link up attpicture to the student table s attachment field to make it operational. Enter your form into design mode once more and select the Form Object. Change the Record Source to tblstudents and update attpicture s Control Source to Field1. Save and view the Form in layout mode. The form will have navigation buttons enabled by default, so navigate back and forth through the recordset to test whether the attachment control updates. If you are not seeing any picture, check the Control Source again and then check Display As is set to Image/Icon in the Format property sheet.

20 Note: The attachment object breaks a lot of rules in Relational Database terms; for one, that single field can have many values so is a repeating group but the extra functionality it offers seems to outweigh the costs. The difficulty with adding such functionality into an Access file is that the file will bloat terribly. The Attachment data type does handle files quite well a 100kb picture will only take up an extra ~100kb of file space the downside however is that you as a developer have to take user expectations into account and expect the unexpected. For example, one house building company may have 20 building sites, each site having its own database entry. Safety assessments can be grouped together so that 1 pdf document pertains to multiple sites. A user will naturally think that the 4mb safety assessment file needs to be attached to each site and so your access database file just bloated by 80mb in the space of 2 minutes! At that rate your accdb will reach its maximum file limit in about 50 minutes! More planning on your part as a developer can help minimise this bloat, but also educating your users to the correct use of your application is a must, especially when using attachment data types in an Access database file. Adding files to attachment data types Figure 2.30 Access provides the functionality required to manipulate attachments. Double click a bound attachment object and it will display the attachment dialog box figure Here we can add, remove, open and save our attachments. Control Image The image control has been rendered impotent in recent incarnations of Access. It was used to store images and was a wrapper object for images stored as OLE objects in a table. The attachment data type handles images better and provides all the

21 necessary functionality to maintain images without the bloating caused by an OLE Object. But we can still use the image control to display static pictures with a minimum of fuss. Adding an image to a form To add an image to a form or tab, select the image icon and draw the image frame. Open the property sheet for the image object and then the Format sheet. There are a couple of properties which are unique to image controls. Picture (none) is the default value but click the ellipsis and this is the principle method of loading an image into an image control. Picture tiling if the image is not large enough to fill the image frame, setting this option to Yes will tile the image to fill the whole image control. Size mode Zoom will change the size of the image so that it fits into the image control and can be seen in its entirety, maintaining aspect ratio. Stretch fills the image with the picture regardless of aspect ratio. Clip places the image at its normal size and shape into the image and any overhead is simply not displayed. Picture alignment determines where the image is painted in relation to. Picture type determines if the picture is saved into the form or linked. The image control does react to some events click, dbl click, mouse up/down/move.

22 Control Check-Box, Option and Toggle Buttons A check box, an option button and a toggle button are the same type of controls with different symbolic meaning, but for want of finding a distinction, their shape is the only material difference. All three controls offer three different states which represent the two possible states of a Boolean data type and the two possible states of a database field; that is, Yes, On, or True; No, Off, or False; and, Null 2 Triple state controls, bound and unbound behaviour These controls have a property called Triple State on their Data tab with which you can set whether the control allows it. However, triple state behaviour depends on the underlying bound field s own ability to be in a Null state or not. For Unbound controls the triple state is entirely possible in any situation. For a Bound control the ability to be in a Null state is determined by the ability of the Bound field, regardless of whether triple state is set or not 3. Adding controls from the Fields List Let s put all three controls into action by using the Active field of the tblteachers table. Perform the following actions: Open a new form and save it as frmteacherstest. Set the Form Object s recordset to tblteachers. Open the Fields List and drag TeacherID, LastName, FirstName, Active onto the form. 2 A Null is not a value but an understanding that a value is missing. Null is a property of a field not a data type. 3 Setting the triple state to yes when the underlying field does not allow Null states can cause issues with your controls, so unless Null is a desirable state you should not use triple state.

23 Now add a toggle button just under the Active control, triple state set to no. Now add an option just underneath the toggle, triple state set to no. Change the toggle button s Control Source to match that of the Active control. Change the option Control Source to match that of the toggle button. Open the form in Form View. Tick and untick the Active control. That these controls are linking to the same field is true and that they behave in exactly the same way is obvious, but they all have their own semantic meaning which is best felt when used in combination with the Frame control, which is discussed in more detail below. Of the three, the toggle button has one property that differs from the check box and option; toggle buttons have captions. Controls Frame or Option Group The purpose of a frame control is to provide a visual group of alternative answers to a single question. The frame itself may be bound to a Control Source. Inside the frame one can place toggle buttons, check boxes and options of any mix. Each control is given its own value, called an option value. The frame takes on the value of the control that is currently selected. That value may only be an integer number. This can best be seen in action. Rather than making a new form we are going to change an existing form of the Teaching Institute System. Changing an existing form Open the form frmclassview in Form View. Figure 6.31 The item we are going to change is the Location combo box. This was chosen because there are only four locations in the tbllocations table at present and we can

24 easily alter the form to allow for these four alternatives. 4 You should be a dab hand with forms now so the instructions will be brief and concise. Open the form in deign view. Stretch the Detail section of the record down a about another third. Draw on a Frame control in the space given. Add four toggle buttons into the frame control. Select the data tab in the property sheet. Make sure each control has its own Option Value. Highlight the frame control and set its Control Source to LocationID. Open the table tbllocations. Bounce between tbllocations and frmclassview and update the caption of each toggle button to read Room and the corresponding ClassRoom field. Change the Frame s label to read Location. Change the form to Form View. At the end of this you should have a form that looks something like figure Experiment with the frame by changing the Location combo box and conversely tick on the toggle buttons to see them update each other. Change the form to design view Add an additional four checkboxes and label and assign them the same values as the toggles Add additional option buttons and also label and assign them the same values. If all goes to plan when you now put the form into Form View you will have figire Do the same experiements by clicking check boxes, options, toggles and changing the combo box. You will probably notice they don t all update at the same time but do eventually update. This is a bug in Access but nothing to worry about. There are practically no situations you would ever want to do this in real life except as a leanring exercise. Figure The number of controls inside the frame control is not dynamic. If a new location is added to tbllocation we would need to change the form to allow for the new location, so this isn t an ideal situation to use option control but the end meets our needs.

25 Figure 6.33 Controls Hyperlink There is no hyperlink control, per se, but there is a hyperlink data type in Access tables. To implement the hyperlink we use the text box control. Under the formatting tab midway down there are two properties - Is Hyperlink, Display As Hyperlink. If you have a field that is of type hyperlink you can set any text box up using these two properties. A hyperlink field is automatically executed when clicked. The text is interpreted as a HTTP request but prefixing the URL with another protocol (i.e. FTP, Telnet, HTTPS) is allowed. Access doesn t perform the application launch. Rather Access informs the operating system to perform the execution of the URL. However access does prefix URLs with HTTP, if a protocol is not provided and thus news.bbc.co.uk is passed for execution as Controls Wizard The control wizard is actually an activation button for a host of wizards that assist with creating controls. In particular the wizards help with frames, comboboxes, list boxes and buttons.

26 If you have got this far in the unit you may be asking, why didn t you say so? The Controls Wizard can be very useful but having a thorough understanding of the controls and playing with various controls and their settings is the only real way to appreciate their abilities. Now you have gone through this unit, you will be far more familiar with the controls wizard than otherwise. Even if you haven t understood everything, you now have an excellent foundation to help use wizards effectively. Over time you will probably have forgotten that wizards even exist and get annoyed that they keep popping up.

27 Questions 1) Which of the following does the Fields List contain a. Fields with all tables in the database. b. Fields of the Form Object Record Source. c. Fields of related tables. d. Fields available in queries. e. Fields used in a form. 2) In the property sheet which of the following are not tabs a. Structure overview. b. Tables list. c. All. d. Parties. e. Other. 3) Which of the following does the tools ribbon not contain a. Reminder control. b. Calendar control. c. Toggle control. d. Bing search control. e. Frame control 4) Text boxes can represent which data formats a. Numbers. b. Text. c. Telephone numbers. d. Hyperlinks. e. Pictures. f. Attachments. 5) Layout view allows you to do what? a. Alter the names of controls. b. Change the position of text boxes. c. Delete associated labels. d. Disable and enable controls. e. Change the Control Source. 6) Events may be added with which of the following? a. Execution Builder. b. Control Builder. c. Code Builder. d. Macro Builder. e. Exception Builder. 7) True or false? List boxes: a. Have their own recordsets. b. Edit data in the Control Source. c. Can hide columns. d. May be enabled and disabled. e. May be filtered

28 8) Which of the following are triple state controls a. Text boxes. b. Check boxes. c. Woggle buttons. d. Sub forms. e. Attachment controls. 9) Combo boxes share which qualities with List Boxes? a. The ability to select multiple items at a time. b. The ability to be part of an option group. c. The ability to display attachments. d. The ability to contain SQL or queries. e. The ability to have their own recordset objects. 10) Tab controls may contain which controls? a. Buttons. b. Hyperlinks. c. Tabs. d. Options. e. Frames. 11) Attachment controls allow you to perform which tasks a. Adding files to a database. b. Save files outside of a database. c. Save controls under one field. d. Store any files in a single field. e. Keep tabs and forms organised. 12) Attachment fields can cause issues because: a. They are very inefficient at storing files. b. They may contain the same files multiple times. c. Operating system file restrictions disallow file attachments. d. Maximum accdb file size may be reached quickly. e. They can contain very large objects. 13) Control Sources of some objects may contain queries. Which ones? a. Check boxes. b. Text boxes. c. Unbound object frames. d. Combo boxes. e. List boxes. 14) Image controls are like label controls. Why? 15) What are control captions? 16) Which events are valid control events? a. On click. b. On mouse squeeze. c. On open. d. On Tap. e. On mouse move.

29 17) Which wizards would you like to have known about at the beginning of the unit? a. Table wizard. b. Query wizard. c. Macro wizard. d. Control wizard. e. Report wizard. 18) Control associated labels do not have events. True or false? 19) Text boxes can be made to look like labels and act like text boxes. True or false? 20) Two controls in a frame control may have the same name. True or false?

30 Answers 1) (b), (c), (d) if a query is used as the record source) 2) (a), (b), (d) 3) (a), (b if no active controls used), (d) 4) (a), (b), (c), (d) 5) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) 6) (c), (d) 7) see below a. true b. true c. true d. true e. false 8) (b) 9) (d), (e) 10) (a), (b), (d), (e) 11) (a), (b), (d) 12) (b), (d), (e) 13) (d), (e) 14) They are not used anymore for storing picture in tables as ole object. Attachments have surpassed them. 15) They are labels associated with controls. 16) (a), (e) 17) (d) 18) True 19) True 20) False