Setting up the front-end of a Web service
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1 Brussels 16 May 1995 I.T. Works seminar Setting up an Internet information service Setting up the front-end of a Web service Hans C. Arents MIPS group, dept. MTM, K.U.Leuven W. de Croylaan 2, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium Hans.Arents@mtm.kuleuven.ac.be Copyright 1995 MIPS group 1of 41
2 The front-end of a Web service n The World-Wide Web n Web browsers n HTML crash course what is HTML? structure, formatting hyperlinks, images, maps dialects: tables, backgrounds,... n HTML authoring tools and utilities n HTML authoring tips and tricks n The future of HTML and the Web Copyright 1995 MIPS group 2of 41
3 What is the World-Wide Web? n a distributed hypermedia system distributed = client-server architecture hypermedia = hypertext + multimedia which provides rich contents: text, graphics, audio, video, simple access: Gopher, FTP, newsgroups, , single document interface to different information sources Copyright 1995 MIPS group 3of 41
4 Distributed: client-server architecture BROWSERS Macintosh PC Workstation URL + HTML + HTTP + MIME + CGI HTTP server Gopher server FTP server NNTP server gateway SERVERS Copyright 1995 MIPS group 4of 41
5 Hypermedia: hypertext + multimedia Analysis Executive summary Market share Goals Jingle Results Commercial Data Clip Copyright 1995 MIPS group 5of 41
6 The Web alphabet soup n Client side URL Universal Resource Locator addressing scheme: specifying Internet locations HTML HyperText Markup Language content encoding: capturing hypermedia contents n Server side HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol transfer protocol: sending data requests & data MIME Multimedia Internet Mail Extension format negotiation: exchanging multimedia data CGI Common Gateway Interface service extension: enabling back-end engines Copyright 1995 MIPS group 6of 41
7 Web browsers n Macintosh browsers Netscape the market leader Mosaic for Macintosh, MacWeb, n Windows browsers Netscape the market leader Air Mosaic, WebSurfer, WinWeb, n UNIX browsers Netscape the market leader Mosaic an experimental testbed HotJava the next generation browser Copyright 1995 MIPS group 7of 41
8 What is HTML? n HTML = HyperText Markup Language an application of SGML, but easy to learn by novices describe structure of hypermedia documents define hypertext links and anchors n HTML levels HTML level 1 - structure, formatting -hyperlinks, images HTML level 2 -standardized DTD -fill-in forms HTML level 3 - tables, figures -maths, equations Copyright 1995 MIPS group 8of 41
9 What is HTML? layout markup styles DOCUMENT logical markup objects font: Helvetica size: 18 pt justification: left font: Palatino size: 10 pt document title level 1heading paragraph font: Helvetica size: 12 pt weight: bold numbered list list element font: Palatino size: 8pt address Copyright 1995 MIPS group 9of 41
10 Document structure n An HTML document has a HEAD: document title, document information, a BODY: document text <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>An example document</title> </HEAD> <BODY> </BODY> </HTML> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 10 of 41
11 Document structure n The body of an HTML document can have headings: 6 level hierarchy, no enforced order paragraphs: spaces & carriage returns not significant <H1>An example level 1 heading</h1> <P>An example paragraph. Note how spaces and carriage returns do not affect the final layout on screen.</p> <H2>An example level 2 heading</h2> <P>Another example paragraph. Note how spaces and carriage returns do not affect the final layout on screen.</p> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 11 of 41
12 Document structure Copyright 1995 MIPS group 12 of 41
13 Document structure n The body of an HTML document can have unordered lists: lists with bullets ordered lists: lists with numbers <UL> <LI>First bulleted item.</li> <LI>Second bulleted item.</li> </UL> <OL> <LI>First numbered item.</li> <LI>Second numbered item.</li> </OL> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 13 of 41
14 Document structure Copyright 1995 MIPS group 14 of 41
15 Document structure Copyright 1995 MIPS group 15 of 41
16 Document structure n The body of an HTML document can have definition lists: lists with definitions menu lists, directory lists (discontinued) <DL> <DT>First definition</dt> <DD>First definition text. Note how the text left indents when displayed.</dd> <DT>Second definition</dt> <DD>Second definition text. Note how the text left indents when displayed.</dd> </DL> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 16 of 41
17 Document structure Copyright 1995 MIPS group 17 of 41
18 Document structure n The body of an HTML document can have BLOCKQUOTE, ADDRESS CITE, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, (discontinued) <P>An example paragraph. Note how spaces and carriage returns do not affect the final layout on screen.</p> <BLOCKQUOTE>An example blockquote. Note how the text left and right indents when displayed.</blockquote> <ADDRESS>An example address.</address> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 18 of 41
19 Document structure Copyright 1995 MIPS group 19 of 41
20 Text formatting n The text of an HTML document can have hard formatting: formatting specified by the user soft formatting: formatting controlled by the browser <P>A paragraph with hard formatting. Text can be <B>bold</B>, <I>italic</I>, <TT>typewriter</TT> and <BLINK>blinking</BLINK>.</P> <P>A paragraph with soft formatting. Text can be <EM>emphasized</EM> or <STRONG>strongly emphasized</strong>.</p> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 20 of 41
21 Text formatting Copyright 1995 MIPS group 21 of 41
22 Text formatting n The text of an HTML document can be preformatted, centered have a horizontal rule, (no) line break, word break contain special characters (platform-independent) <PRE>A paragraph where spaces & carriage returns are respected by the browser.</pre> <CENTER><P>A centered paragraph with a line break here<br> and followed by a horizontal rule.</p></center><hr> <P>Page 1995 by Netscape.</P> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 22 of 41
23 Text formatting Copyright 1995 MIPS group 23 of 41
24 Hyperlinks n The body of an HTML document can have internal hyperlinks: other location, same document external hyperlinks: other location, other document <P>A paragraph with <A HREF="#here">an internal link</a> to somewhere else.</p> <P><A NAME="here">The paragraph</a> where the internal link ends.</p> <P>A paragraph with <A HREF="there.html">an external link</a> to somewhere else.</p> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 24 of 41
25 Hyperlinks Copyright 1995 MIPS group 25 of 41
26 Hyperlinks Copyright 1995 MIPS group 26 of 41
27 Hyperlinks Copyright 1995 MIPS group 27 of 41
28 URL: Universal Resource Locator n Scheme : Location n Scheme : // Host [:Port] / Path n Examples: http file file://localhost/directory/file.html mailto mailto:somebody@dept.uni.edu ftp ftp://ftp.dept.uni.edu/directory/file.ps.z gopher gopher://dept.uni.edu/11/ wais wais://dept.uni.edu/ news news:alt.hypertext Copyright 1995 MIPS group 28 of 41
29 Types of URLs n Absolute URLs <A HREF=" of IBM</A> <A HREF=" Picture of Prince</A> n Relative URLs <A HREF="chap1.html">Chapter 1</A> <A HREF="#sec2">Section 2</A> in this chapter <A HREF="chap3.html#sec4">Section 4</A> in chapter 3 Copyright 1995 MIPS group 29 of 41
30 Images n The body of an HTML document can have in-line images: images inside the text external images: images outside the document <P><IMG SRC="floppy.gif" ALIGN="top"> A paragraph with an in-line image aligned to the top of the line.</p> <P><A HREF="police.jpg"> <IMG SRC="police.gif" ALT="[police]"> </A>A paragraph with an in-line image aligned to the bottom of the line, and referring to an external image.</p> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 30 of 41
31 Images Copyright 1995 MIPS group 31 of 41
32 Images Copyright 1995 MIPS group 32 of 41
33 Images Copyright 1995 MIPS group 33 of 41
34 Maps n An image can be a clickable image map in-line image with embedded hyperlinks selecting a hotspot activates the relevant hyperlink hyperlink Copyright 1995 MIPS group 34 of 41
35 Tables and backgrounds n The body of an HTML document can have tables (experimental) colored background & foreground (experimental) <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0077FF" VLINK="#22AA22" ALINK="#FFFF00"> <TABLE BORDER> <TR><TD>A</TD><TD>B</TD><TD>C</TD></TR> <TR><TD>D</TD><TD>E</TD><TD>F</TD></TR> </TABLE> </BODY> Copyright 1995 MIPS group 35 of 41
36 Tables Copyright 1995 MIPS group 36 of 41
37 HTML authoring tools n HTML editors help in creating an HTML document stand-alone / template checking / unchecking WYSIWYG / raw HTML n HTML convertors convert an existing text format into HTML and back n HTML validators check conformance of HTML documents w.r.t. DTD n HTML authoring environments? complete, industrial strength tools in the near future Copyright 1995 MIPS group 37 of 41
38 HTML authoring utilities n Image utilities create original artwork manipulate scanned images JPEG, TIFF, FIF, viewers n Sound utilities sample and digitize sounds delayed or realtime playback n Video utilities compress moving images QuickTime, MPEG viewers Copyright 1995 MIPS group 38 of 41
39 MIME: Format negotiation 3D viewer browser 3D player HTML browser + helper applications sound Copyright 1995 MIPS group 39 of 41
40 HTML authoring tips and tricks n never use logical styles for layout purposes n check your HTML with various browsers n provide context for the document links to related documents date / sign / locate the document n provide consistency for the user use predictable navigation links use a template / conform to a house style n concentrate on content > structure > appearance but if you find a nice looking page, do get the source! Copyright 1995 MIPS group 40 of 41
41 The future of HTML and the Web n HTML is a moving target HTML 2.0 ratified, HTML 3.0 forever changing each new browser adds its own extensions HTML Ł pure SGML with stylesheets? HTML Ł confusing mix of logical / layout tags? VRML = Virtual Reality Markup Language n The Internet = the Web the Web = single largest Internet service HTML = the esperanto of the Internet n If you want to be really noticed on the Net you d better learn to speak its language fluently Copyright 1995 MIPS group 41 of 41
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