Using Web Service-Based Command and Control to Support Coalition Collaboration
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1 Using Web Service-Based Command and Control to Support Coalition Collaboration J. Mark Pullen, Stanley Levine and Michael Hieb George Mason University C4I Center ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
2 Presentation Overview C2 Simulation Interoperability Background: JBML and MSG-048 BML Grammar and Schema BML Web Services MSG-048 Demonstration Conclusions 2 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
3 C2 Simulation Interoperability Command and control simulation is a long-time goal Enable simulation in C2 for operations Enable simulation in C2 for mission rehearsal More realistic training using operational C2 system Reduce cost of training by reducing support staff Individual systems have been interconnected but no standard way to interoperate exists Battle Management Language (BML) aims to provide the capability A sequence of projects has moved toward a standardized BML Army BML BML AOBML JBML MSG ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
4 BML Overview BML - an unambiguous language to: Command and control live and simulated forces conducting military operations, and Provide for situational awareness and a shared, common operational picture. BML orders based on Who, What, When, Where and Why. Orders are transferred among C2 and simulation systems through a database built on the JC3IEDM standard. Shared Semantics between C2 and M&S via a Common Tasking Description 4 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
5 5 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb BML Activities MIP JC3IEDM AOBML Army BML BML geobml JBML MSG-027 ET-016 C-BML International Software Services Implementation Naval Air Ground Specification
6 Background: BML and MSG ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
7 BML and MSG-048 NATO Modeling and Simulation Group (NMSG) is part of the NATO Research & Technology Organisation MSG-048 is a Technical Activity under NMSG Charter: The requirement for improved M&S-C2 interoperability is well recognized by NATO bodies for defense planning, training, exercises and support to operations A NATO effort is necessary to define and standardize M&S-C2 interoperability The Coalition BML Technical Activity is based upon voluntary contributions from Nations and provides insights regarding the usefulness of M&S-C2 interoperability and capability it can offer to coalition forces 7 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
8 MSG-048 Objectives Provide support to the development of a NATO representation of digitized command and control information that is understood by military personnel, simulated and in future, robotic forces. Enable improved shared awareness and common operational picture through structured plans, reports and returns. Provide support to SISO in standardizing and improving M&S-C2 interoperability for automatic, rapid and unambiguous command and control of one by the other. 8 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
9 BML Grammar and Schema 9 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
10 C2 Lexical Grammar Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG) Based on work of Schade and Hieb Tasking grammar formal language implementation looks forward to SISO C-BML Phase 2 C2LG GUI provides visualization of orders/tasks with plug-in interfaces Augmented to accept incomplete JBML format and fill in missing elements Form of C2LG expressions: OB Verb Tasker Taskee (Affected Action) Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label (Mod)* See companion paper by I-155 by Schade and Hieb 10 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
11 Some Examples of C2LG for Tasking OB advance Tasker Taskee Route-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label (Mod)* OB ambush Tasker Taskee Affected At-Where Start-When (End-When)Why Label (Mod)* OB assist Tasker Taskee Action At-Where Start-When (End-When)Why Label (Mod)* OB rest Tasker Taskee At-Where Start- When End-When Why Label (Mod)* An actual order: pursue BtlC CavB En towards Z at now in order to destroy En label_3_15; 11 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
12 JBML Web Services JBML Phase 1 was reported in ICCRTS and elsewhere Ground/Air/Maritime C2-Simulation capability Real-world Army and Air Force C2 (C2PC, TBMCS) Multiple JSAF simulations represented 4 simultaneous scenario threads JBML Schema and Web Services documented at level intended to support SISO standardization Web service structure Domain Configured Service (DCS) uses a schema informed BML grammar of Hieb & Schade that guarantees ability to describe tasks no grammar checking; ML parsing only BML Base Service (BBS) implements mappings to the JC3IEDM database Common Data Access Service (CDAS) implements SQL access 12 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
13 JBML Layered Service Architecture 1 WSDL Web Service Exchange Interface Domain Knowledge fully defines domain language 3 SD FILES 2 ML/WSDL BML Domain-Configured Service 4 API BML Base Service ML/WSDL 8 5 ML/WSDL Reference Implementation middleware common to all BML domains 6 API BML Common Data Access Software 7 SQL = 8 Defined Interfaces JC3IEDM Domain Specific Extensions JC3IEDM Database Non-JC3IEDM Databases/Sources all layers include validation NOTE: Interface 5 (push) and Interface 8 (push & pull) are provided for future use (they are not used in JBML Phase 1) 13 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
14 JBML Schema Task Fragment <xsd:complextype name="tasktype"> <xsd:choice> <xsd:element name="groundtask" type="groundtasktype" minoccurs="0" maxoccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="airtask" type="airtasktype" minoccurs="0" maxoccurs="unbounded"/> <xsd:element name="maritimetask" type="maritimetasktype" minoccurs="0" maxoccurs="unbounded"/> </xsd:choice>... </xsd:complextype> <xsd:complextype name="groundtasktype"> <xsd:sequence> <xsd:element name="taskeewho" type="whotype"/> <xsd:element name="what" type="groundbmlwhattype"/> <xsd:element name="where" type="wheretype"/> <xsd:element name="startwhen" type="whentype"/> <xsd:element name="endwhen" type="whentype" minoccurs="0"/> <xsd:element name="affectedwho" type="whotype" minoccurs="0"/> <xsd:element name="why" type="groundwhytype" minoccurs="0"/> <xsd:element name="label" type="labeltype"/> </xsd:sequence> </xsd:complextype> 14 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
15 JBML Schema WhenType Fragment <xsd:complextype name="whentype"> <xsd:choice> <xsd:element name="dtg" type="dtgtype"/> <xsd:element name="relativetotask" type="labeltype"/> </xsd:choice> <xsd:attribute name="modifier" type="whenmodifier" use="optional default="at"/> </xsd:complextype> <xsd:simpletype name="whenmodifier"> <xsd:restriction base="xsd:string"> <xsd:enumeration value="aft"/> <xsd:enumeration value="asap"/> <xsd:enumeration value="asapaf"/> <xsd:enumeration value="asapnl"/> <xsd:enumeration value="at"/> <xsd:enumeration value="bef"/> <xsd:enumeration value="nlt"/> <xsd:enumeration value="nob"/> </xsd:restriction> </xsd:simpletype> 15 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
16 BML to JC3IEDM Mapping 16 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
17 MSG-048 Demonstration 17 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
18 MSG-048 I/ITSEC Demonstration November 2007 Purpose: Demonstrate C2-Sim interoperability 8 systems/components (from 6 different Nations) Work in concert orchestrated by the use of C-BML Show simulated units can be commanded directly The commander (nor the operator of the C2 system) does not need any knowledge about the simulation system Demonstrate the potential of BML Easy to expand and to adjust to new kinds of tasks 18 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
19 Demonstration Terrain 19 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
20 Demonstration Scenario Operation Perseus Caspian Sea region 2025 timeframe Fictional countries Donovia, Minaria, Gorgas and Atropia Successor states to a collapsed empire Long history of fighting, factionalism, unrest Area is a source of oil and gas resources International interest lies in stability Ariana government supported by Donovian rebels threatens oilrich region of Atropia Rebels expected to try to occupy airport and harass traffic between river and airport Commander Joint Forces Land Component responsible for security Selects task forces from USA, Netherlands and Norway Simulation of their plans is needed for COA analysis 20 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
21 Demonstration Task Organization 43 MNB 1 (USA) TF 2 (NOR) TF 2 (NLD) TF A/1-66 AR B/1-66 AR B/1-12 Mech C/1-22 Mech 1 MBT SQN 3 Mech Coy 4 Mech Coy A Team Mech B Team Mech C Team AR 21 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
22 Demonstration 43 MNB Plan 22 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
23 Demonstration Opposing Military Forces 23 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
24 Demonstration System of Systems C2PC CAPES USMTF C2 Specific Interface BML C2 Interface JC3IEDM Visualizer JSAF ISIS JBML C2LG JBML WS JC3IEDM + JBML WS SCIPIO ISIS translator JBML ML file plug-in NORTaC- C2IS JBML C2LG Data prefill (OOB, etc.) SIMBAD NorTAC translator JBML WS plug-in 24 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
25 C2LG GUI Screen 25 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
26 Enabling BML Generation with C2LG GUI National C2 System C2 BML Order Output converter C2 Format Incomplete BML Pre-fill Initialization Input Plugin Pre-fill data C2LG GUI Pre-fill data Complete BML BML (JBML push) JBML web services BML W/S Output Plugin Central JC3IEDM Simulator Sim format BML sim interface 26 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
27 French Contribution: SCIPIO Command post training system for Brigade and Division HQs Automated simulation control based on command agents Generation of formatted reports to C2IS (SICF) HLA interface 27 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
28 Connection Architecture of SCIPIO ISIS NORTac C2LG JC3IEDM DB JBML Web Services Pull ORDERS BML client component SCIPIO Server component (Object Request Broker) SCIPIO DB GUI client component SIM component Low Controller Interface 28 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
29 Netherlands Contribution: ISIS Integrated Staff Information System at Battalion and above. Fielded in 2002 C2 Framework (C2FW) is the architecture. Baseline for a suite of C2 applications (OSIRIS, ANTHOS) Tactical data commander ORBAT Corresponding overlay ISIS Oporder (5 paragraph NATO Document) (free text) 29 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
30 Norwegian Contribution: NORTaC-C2IS Tactical C2IS fielded in 2002, supporting Situation awareness Plan / Order Intelligence Order of Battle 30 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
31 Spanish Contribution: SIMBAD SIMBAD main features are Predefined ROEs Tactical Events Manager GIS-based GUI with geographical and tactical overlays HLA interface (proprietary C2IEDM-inspired FOM) SIMBAD Has no command agents so a custom gateway was built to accept BML tasks 31 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
32 JBML Task SIMBAD Actions 32 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
33 US Contributions C2PC software developed by USMC also used by US Army CAPES injector exports plan in ML JBML interface translates this to BML JSAF constructive simulation from US JFCOM Represents objects to platform level Command agents accept orders JBML interface translates BML to this format JC3IEDM visualizer from VMASC Open source software map viewer Displays Common Operational Picture exported from JC3IEDM database by VMASC Web service Funded by NATO RTA 33 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
34 US Contributions BML WS JC3IEDM BML WS C2PC/CAPES VMASC WS JSAF JC3IEDM Visualizer 34 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
35 Conclusions First step in NATO MSG-048 experimentation with BML Strong evidence in favor of the techniques employed SOA for interoperation C2LG-inspired schema JC3IEDM database and vocabulary Network-centric development methodology allowed very rapid development Six months requirements to demonstration National development teams with highly cooperative spirit also helped a lot As did availability of military SMEs Increasingly experimental approach planned for 2008 and 2009 Based on national work becoming available Looking forward to SISO C-BML standard that can be evaluated experimentally per MSG-048 charter 35 ICCRTS-2008 I-234 Pullen/Levine/Hieb
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