Overview and Future Promise of Battle Management Language

Transcription

1 C 4 I Center Overview and Future Promise of Battle Management Language Dr. Michael Hieb Center of Excellence in C4I George Mason University mhieb@gmu.edu Content 1. BML Definition 2. BML Motivation 3. BML Projects 4. BML Standardization 5. BML Research 6. BML s Future May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 2 1

2 BML Definition Battle Management Language BML - an unambiguous language to: Command and Control live and simulated forces conducting military operations Provide for situational awareness and a shared, common operational picture. May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 4 2

3 BML Principles BML expressions must have a minimum of ambiguity BML must be expressive enough to communicate the commander s intent in a net-centric environment BML needs to be extendable into multiple dialects May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 5 Application of BML BML is being developed as a standard representation of digitized C2 information for executable plans, orders, requests and reports for: C2 Systems C2 Systems Simulation Systems military units, simulated forces, and future robotic forces. Robotic Forces May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 6 3

4 BML Implementation BML is being developed as: A Standardized ML Schema supported by a set of Web Services standard semantics A Formal Grammar May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 7 BML Motivation 4

5 May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 9 Example: Defining C2 for the Future Network Centric Forces How will they Communicate Orders? Network Centric Explicit understanding of orders and operations in a distributed environment Know precisely, in real-time, location of all friendly and enemy forces Robotics Integrated into Force Amplify capability of manned elements Multi-functional (scouting, armed, sustainment) Increased Reliance on Extended Range Engagement Organic plus strategic and tactical support Long range ISR and precision fires Capable of Air-Mobile Operations Commercial and minimum DoD strategic and tactical lift Indirect Fire Function Direct Fire Function Networked Command, Control & Comms Organic & Inorganic RSTA Infantry Carrier + C2 Function Sensor Function May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 10 5

6 Data Models for BML The vocabulary must be well defined in the context of operations within an application domain to facilitate exchange information, facilitate coherent results and support automated reasoning. Therefore, initial BML implementations use the Multilateral Interoperability Programme s (MIP) data model, the Joint Command Control and Consultation Information Exchange Data Model JC3IEDM. Initial BML Vocabulary: JC3IEDM Future BMLs will be able to use a variety of C2 Data Models May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 11 JC3IEDM Provides Core C2 Semantics Comprehensive Very well documented Tables Attributes Relations Action Capability Object-Type OBJECT-TYPE Reporting Data Location Object-Item OBJECT-ITEM Allows and supports Doctrinal extension Evolution of utility ORGANIZATION -TYPE MATERIAL-TYPE PERSON -TYPE FACILITY-TYPE FEATURE-TYPE ORGANIZATION MATERIAL PERSON FACILITY FEATURE May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 12 6

7 BML Scope C2 Domain Languages Command and Control Systems geo BML Army TEC Logistics BML Ground BML SIMCI Joint BML DMSO S&R BML Maritime BML NPS Air BML JFCOM DMOC Modeling and Simulation Systems JC3IEDM database May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 13 BML Promise Command and Control Applications Ground BML Maritime BML geobml Air BML Logistics BML Peacekeeping BML Crisis Management BML JC3IEDM database Decision Support Services May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 14 7

8 BML Projects Joint BML Project Build and demonstrate an initial Joint Battle Management Language Capability to transmit Digital Orders to Joint and Combined Forces using a Battle Management Language Specification Leverages work done with the US Army on an initial Army BML and projects sponsored by the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office and Joint Forces Command extending the Army BML to Air Operations 8

9 JBML Service Architecture 1 WSDL Domain Knowledge 3 SD FILES fully defines domain language Web Service Exchange Interface 2 ML/WSDL ML/WSDL BML Domain-Configured Service 8 4 API BML Base Service Who, What, Where, When, Why 6 API ML/WSDL 5 Reference Implementation middleware common to all BML domains BML Common Data Access Software 7 SQL JC3IEDM Domain Specific Extensions JC3IEDM Database Non-JC3IEDM Databases/Sources May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 17 JBML Scenario Gulf of Caspia Joint Operations Maritime JTC Air GCCS/ TBMCS Ground C2PC/ CAPES May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 18 9

10 geobml geobml is an Unambiguous Language Both domain specific and cross-cutting Defined by the role of actionable geo-information in the C2 Provides Unification across Doctrine and terms Explicit vocabulary and grammar Specific context mapped to operations, missions and tasks Explicit Representation Consistent extension to the JC3IEDM Standard framework and exchange model Computational structure Both necessary and sufficient for shared, common understanding Protocols Explicit structure for transmission / sharing Terrain, Weather And Military Terms Doctrine geobml Protocols Representation ML Web Services Grid Services Geo-Environmental Extension to Joint Command Consultation & Control Information Exchange Data Model (JC3IEDM) Explicit Computational Representation For Actionable Geospatial Information May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 19 Mobility Corridor at the National Training Center generated in ArcGIS for geobml = Avenues of Approach = Bn Chokepoints (<1000m) = Co Chokepoints (<500m) 10

11 BML Standardization BML Standardization Initiatives SISO Product Group for Coalition Battle Management Group (C-BML) C-BML Study Group approved by SISO in September, 2004 Participants represent a wide body of expertise, including: Representatives from over 11 different nations Over 100 participants at SG meetings Industry, Academia, Government Product Development Group Approved Spring of 2006 Three phases Multi-National effort Co-Chaired by U.S. and UK May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 22 11

12 BML Standardization Initiatives NATO Working Group MSG-048 Exploratory Team (ET-016) developed need for a Working Group The formal Working Group was chartered for three years (FY06-08) 10 Nations currently participating US UK Holland France Germany Turkey Denmark Norway Canada Spain Will Evaluate C-BML SISO Specification through coordinated National Development May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 23 BML Research 12

13 Motivation A formal language is defined by a grammar. The grammar provides a lexicon in order to determine the words which may be used as well as their semantics (their meaning); a finite set of rules in order to determine how to concatenate the words and to give meaning to the catenations. May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 25 The Development of a Formal Grammar Formally, a grammar G consists of a lexicon Σ (which is a set of terminal symbols, the words), N, a set of non-terminal symbols, P, a set of production rules, and S, the start symbol. G = {Σ, N, P, S} In addition, the following holds: S N and N Σ =. May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 26 13

14 Lexical Functional Grammar Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is a theory of grammar -- that is, in general terms, a theory of: syntax (roughly, how words can be combined together to make larger phrases, such as sentences) morphology (how morphemes --- parts of words can be combined to make up words), semantics (how and why various words and combinations of words mean what they mean), and pragmatics (how expressions are used to transmit information) We use the Lexical Functional Grammar as the basis for the Formal BML Grammar which we call: Command and Control Lexical Grammar May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 27 An Extensive Literature on LFG A Selection: Bresnan, Joan Theory of complementation in English syntax. Ph.D. thesis, MIT 1148 Entries in LFG Bibliography! Kaplan, Ronald M. and Annie Zeanen Things are not always equal. In A. Gelbukh (editor), Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, pp Heidelberg, Springer Verlag. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2588 Dalrymple, Mary Lexical Functional Grammar, volume 34 of Syntax and Semantics. New York: Academic Press May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 28 14

15 Developing the Command and Control Lexical Grammar (C2LG) Doctrine (STANAG 2014): The C2LG is designed to be consistent with a standard five paragraph order OpOrderSection3 Command_Intent OB* Coord_Space* Coord_Time* Command_Intent [Expanded Purpose] [Key Tasks] [End State] OB* is a basic order expression that consists of a tasking verb and constituents. (constituents = linguistic mirror image of the 5 Ws) May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 29 A BML Tasking Grammar The production rules for the basic expressions have the following general form: B Verb Tasker Taskee (Affected Action) Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label (Mod)* Verb is an action, normally a task Tasker is a Who, the unit which commands the task Taskee is a Who, the unit which executes the task Affected is a Who, the unit which is affected by the task Action is another action/task affected by the task Where is a location phrase When us a time phrases Label is a label given to a task to allow it to be referred in other basic expressions Mod refers to conditional modifiers necessary for specific production rules May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 30 15

16 A BML Tasking Grammar Rules for basic expressions (examples) ( verbs are taken from JC3IEDM-table action-task-category-code ) B advance Tasker Taskee Route-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label B ambush Tasker Taskee Affected At-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label B assist Tasker Taskee Action At-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label B attack Tasker Taskee Affected Route-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label B block Tasker Taskee Affected At-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label B defend Tasker Taskee (Affect.) Route-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label Rules for constituents (examples) Start-When start Qualifier1 Point_in_Time Start-When start Qualifier2 Action Qualifier1 { AFT, ASAP, ASAPNL, ASAPNL, AT, BEF, NLT, NOB } JC3IEDM-table action-task-start-qualifier-code May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 31 A BML Reporting Grammar In the same way, we develop a formal reporting grammar. We differentiate reports about military tasks reports about events reports about status reports about positions May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 32 16

17 A BML Reporting Grammar Task Report RB Verb Executer (Affected Action) Where When (Why) Certainty Label (Mod)* Event Report RB EVerb (Affected Action) Where When (Why) Certainty Label (Mod)* Status Report RB Hostility Regarding (Identification Status-Value) Where When Certainty Label (Mod)* May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 33 Implementation of C2LG for Patrol Order 17

18 Patrol Order C2LG Expression OB patrol Tasker Taskee Route-Where Start-When (End-When) Why Label (Mod)* patrol 3Kp_PzGrenBtl332 1Zug_3Kp_PzGrenBtl332 along [base1_pzgrenbtl332, patrolroutecheck4, patrolroutecheck8, controlpoint1, controlpoint3, controlpoint6, patrolroutecheck3] start AFT ZJAN07 end AT ZJAN07 deny patrol May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 35 R&D towards application of MSDL and C-BML in The Netherlands 07S-SIW-025 Erik Borgers, Nico de Reus, Jeroen Voogd, Wim Huiskamp Towards applications of MSDL and C-BML in the Netherlands 18

19 C2LG Research Papers Widely Recognized April On the Conference Recommended Reading List Schade, U. & Hieb, M., Formalizing Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Orders, Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Huntsville, AL. June Nominated for Best Paper Schade, U. & Hieb, M., Development of Formal Grammars to Support Coalition Command and Control: A Battle Management Language for Orders, Requests, and Reports, Proceedings of the 11 th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Cambridge, UK. April Latest Paper Published Schade, U. and Hieb, M.R., Battle Management Language: A Grammar for Specifying Reports, Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop. June To Appear Hieb, M.R., Schade, U. & Formalizing Command Intent Through Development of a Command and Control Grammar, Proceedings of the 12 th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, Newport, RI, (to appear). May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 37 Future of BML 19

20 Growing BML Portfolio Growing community of investment Shared belief that BML is a necessary component of Networked C2 Challenges Technological infrastructure enabling distributed, multi-national development and extension of BML Operational Domains and specific requirements of National entities Development of a BML Formal Grammar Specification Ground Air Naval Implementation Software Services International Coalition BML NATO-WG JBML geobml BML Army BML AO BML MIP/JC3IEDM May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 39 Integration Framework - Today May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 40 20

21 Integration Framework - Future May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 41 BML Conference Battle Management: Interoperability for C2, Simulation and Geospatial Services Date: October 16-17, 2007 Location: GMU Prince William Campus, Manassas Sponsored by: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center George Mason C4I Center ESRI MÄK Technologies Systematic Software Engineering, Inc. May 18th, 2007 GMU C4I Center Review 42 21

22 Conclusion 22