Getting (slightly) technical an introduction to linking

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1 Getting (slightly) technical an introduction to linking Ross MacIntyre Mimas Service Manager The University of Manchester 1

2 A mixed bag of jargon The basics of the web Linking DIY DOI & CrossRef OpenURL Usage statistics Authentication & Authorisation Warning: Acronyms throughout 2

3 How does the Web (currently) work? Data Format HTML 3 simple protocols: Addressing URL Transport HTTP Data Formats HTML (HyperText Markup Language) provides the data format for native documents Addressing URLs (Uniform Resource Locator) provides an addressing mechanism for web resources Transport HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines transfer of resources between client and server Brian Kelly, Web-Focus, UKOLN 3

4 How does the Web work? The Netsoft home page 1 User clicks on link to the address =URL 2 Browser converts link to HTTP command (METHOD): Connect to computer at GET /hello.html Welcome to Netsoft Web Browser 3 Remote computer sends file <HTML> <TITLE>Welcome</TITLE>.. <P>Welcome to <B>Netsoft </B> 4 Local computer displays HTML file Web server

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URL-based Linking Mechanisms Static = explicit filename http://www.ariadne.ac.

uk/journals/10624783.html Parameterised = script, e.g. http://links.jstor.org/sici?

6 URL-based Linking Mechanisms Static = explicit filename Predictable = derived, e.g. ISSN Parameterised = script, e.g

7 Linking Mechanisms The Digital Object Identifier (DOI): A unique identifier assigned to a digital object. A way of accessing an object (e.g. a full text article) without having to know its URL - the DOI identifies the object itself, not the place where it is stored. Persistent - as long as the object exists, so does the DOI. 7

8 DOI: Dumb Old Identifier Dumb number - doesn t relate to the object, couldn t be guessed - like a phone number /1A3X-56BZ9 Prefix - given to the rights owner e.g. the publisher <DIR>.<REG>/<DSS> e.g /jbc.M /bmj AE Suffix - any unique alphanumeric string 8

9 CrossRef/DOI resolution References DOI DOI DOI link Metadata URL to Publisher 9

10 OpenURL (ANSI/NISO Z39.88) Pat Harris, Executive Director of NISO: "One message we hear is that the new business model will be enabled by information technology with standards at the core. This is where NISO fits in. over five hundred years ago Guttenberg fundamentally changed communication and learning. Today NISO's challenge is to create those standards that will enable the modern day Gothenburg Moment. Could it be the OpenURL?" 10

11 OpenURL format ::= Base URL? Query Base-URL = web address of the link resolver i.e. the address to which the OpenURL is being sent &date=1998&aulast=smith&aufirst=paul Query = the metadata that the link resolver uses to identify and link to appropriate targets Aka Context Object 11

12 The Context_Object contains Administrative Referent Version control, character encodings, timestamp, etc. Item being referenced. E.G. bibliographic reference in full text article. User making the request Requester Referrer ReferringEntity Resolver ServiceType Oliver Pesch EBSCO Service creating the link. E.G. where the user found the reference. The item which contains the reference. E.G. the article in which the bibliographic reference was found. The target of the link. E.G. the link server of the user s institution The desired services from the Resolver. E.G. Full text, ILL, Abstract, etc. 12

13 OpenURL v1.0 &url_ver = Z &url_ctx_fmt = info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx &rft_val_fmt = info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal &rft.atitle = Reference+intervals+for+serum+creatine+kinase+in+athletes &rft.auinit = V &rft.aulast = Mougios &rft.date = 2007 &rft.epage = 678 &rft.genre = article &rft.issn = &rft.issue = 10 &rft.spage = 674 &rft.stitle = BRIT+J+SPORT+MED &rft.title = BRITISH+JOURNAL+OF+SPORTS+MEDICINE &rft.volume = 41 &rft_id = info:doi/ %2fbjsm &rfr_id = info:sid/ 13

14 OpenURL in action 14

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16 Getting technical All sorted then? Pig courtesy of Tom Bishop, Royal College of Surgeons 16

17 Avoid this routine. Messages to Lis-e-resources Serials Solutions (which we use as our catalogue updating service and link resolver) is still showing this title as being published by X, meaning we can't yet direct our users to the correct place for this title, plus our link resolver can't resolve the links anymore. Direct publisher links through databases e.g. via SCOPUS and Google Scholar aren't working either. we don't have access to recent volumes either because it does not seem to be part of the Nesli2 title list. :-( TRANSFER will help publishers too!

Ensure that journal content remains easily accessible by librarians and readers when there is a journal transfer Ensure that the transfer process occurs with minimum disruption Establish explicit

18 Ensure that journal content remains easily accessible by librarians and readers when there is a journal transfer Ensure that the transfer process occurs with minimum disruption Establish explicit obligations for Transferring Publishers and Receiving Publishers Establish best practice to help publishers be more efficient Get publishers, librarians, agents and others to work together better 18

19 Knowledge Bases And Related Tools UKSG and NISO collaborative project To improve navigation of the e-resource supply chain Ensuring timely transfer of accurate data to link resolver Knowledge Bases 19

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24 Improving OpenURLs Through Analytics industry-wide, transparent and scalable metrics for evaluating and comparing the quality of OpenURL implementations across content providers 24

25 Consistent, Credible & Compatible Usage Statistics Code of Practice for: Data elements to be measured Definitions of these data elements Output report formats/delivery/frequency/granularity Methods for measurement and use AAP, ALPSP, ARL, ASA, EDItEUR, JISC, NCLIS, NISO, PA, STM, UKSG 25

26 Code of Practice Journals & Databases JR1 = Number of Successful Full-Text Article Requests by Month and Journal JR1a = Number of Successful Full-Text Article Requests by Month and Release 3 from September 2009 Journal ~130 for vendors/products a Journal Archive compliant (in part) JR2 = Turnaways by Month and Journal JR3 = Number of Successful Item Requests and Turnaways by Month, Journal and Page Type JR4 = Total Searches Run by Month and Service JR5 = Number of Successful Full-Text Article Requests by Year and Journal Auditing standards & procedures Code of Practice ebooks & ereference Published March 2006 ~40 vendors/products compliant (in part) DB1 = Total Searches and Sessions by Month and Database Code DB2 = Turnaways of Practice by Month and for Database e-resources (R4) DB3 = Total Searches and Sessions by Month and Service - Published April 2012 for impl. by end

27 Usage Stats Related Journal-level JISC s JUSP Service Journal Usage Factor : Article-level PIRUS2 -> IRUS-UK altmetrics 27

28 Authentication & Authorisation (via Shibboleth) 28

29 Shibboleth Login User 29

30 Shibboleth Login User 1. User wants a given resource 1 Service Provider 30

31 Shibboleth Login User 2. User is prompted to login 1 2 Service Provider 31

32 Shibboleth Login User User presses login button 1 2 Service Provider 32

33 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 3. Where Are You From? service is contacted Service Provider 33

34 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 4. User is prompted for their home institution Service Provider 34

35 Shibboleth Login User WAYF User selects their home institution from dropdown list Service Provider 35

36 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 5. Selected institution is returned to WAYF Service Provider 36

37 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 6. Home institution is contacted Home Institution Service Provider 37

38 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 7. 5 User is prompted for home credentials Home Institution Service Provider 38

39 Shibboleth Login User enters credentials at home institution User WAYF Home Institution Service Provider 39

40 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 8. Credentials sent to home institution Home Institution Service Provider 40

41 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 9. 5 Shibboleth handle sent to Service Provider Home Institution Service Provider 41

42 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 9. 5 Shibboleth handle sent to Service Provider Home Institution Service Provider 42

43 Shibboleth Login User WAYF Attributes are requested from home institution Home Institution Service Provider 43

44 Shibboleth Login User WAYF Attributes are returned to the Service Provider Home Institution Service Provider 44

45 Shibboleth Login User WAYF An authorisation decision is made based on attributes received Home Institution Service Provider 45

46 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 12. User is given access to the resource Home Institution Service Provider 46

47 Shibboleth Login User WAYF 12. User is given access to the resource Home Institution Service Provider 47

48 Beware the WAYF my dear 48

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51 Thanks! web: 51

Mimas Service Manager The University of Manchester. UKSG InSERT Webinar July 2010

Getting (slightly) technical an introduction to linking Ross MacIntyre Mimas Service Manager The University of Manchester A mixed bag of jargon The basics of the web Linking DIY DOI & CrossRef OpenURL