PubMed 简介. PubMed 是美国国立医学图书馆 (NLM) 所属的国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI) 开发的因特网生物医学信息检索系统

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1 生物医学文献数据库 PubMed

2 PubMed 简介 PubMed 是美国国立医学图书馆 (NLM) 所属的国家生物技术信息中心 (NCBI) 开发的因特网生物医学信息检索系统 PubMed 主要提供基于 Web 的 Medline 数据库检索服务, 其中包括医学文献的订购, 全文在线阅读的链接, 专家信息的查询, 期刊检索以及相关书籍的链接等 数据每周二至周六每天更新 详见

3 什么是 MEDLINE MEDLINE 是美国国立医学图书馆 (U.S.National Library of Medicine) 是最重要的目录文摘数据库, 是 Index Medicus, Index to Dental Literature, and International Nursing Index 文摘期刊的在线版本, 内容涉及医学 药学 卫生保健和兽医学, 侧重在临床医学 牙科 护理学及卫生等方面 收录了全世界 70 多个国家和地区的 4900 余种生物医学期刊, 现有书目文摘条目 2100 万余条, 时间起至 1950 年 回溯至 1966 年的数据涉及 40 多个语种,70%~80% 的文献有著者撰写的英文摘要

4 PubMed 的收录范围 MEDLINE: 收录了 1950 年以来世界上 70 多个国家的近 4800 种生物医学期刊, 包括 1600 多万条记录, 内容每周更新一次, 每条记录都有唯一一个 PMID (PubMed Unique Identifier) Premedline: 该数据库是从 1996 年 8 月起新增的, 每天收录由 MEDLINE 的期刊出版商提供的尚未经过规范化处理的数据 每条记录都标有 [MEDLINE in process], 经过标引 ( 增加主题词 文献类型 基因库存取号等字段 ) 以后进入 MEDLINE, 并从 Premedline 中删除这些记录

5 Publisher-Supplied Citation: 出版商直接向 PubMed 提供的电子刊物, 每条记录都标有 [Record as supplied by publishers] MEDLINE 并非收录这些电子刊物中每一篇文章, 如 Science 或 Nature 中的地质学文献, 若未被 MEDLINE 收录, 则永远保留在 Premedline 中

6 pubmed 中文献的 5 种状态 as supplied by publisher 是文献刚交给 pubmed 出版社时的状态, 此时没有标引主题词 ; in process 阶段, 文献进入了 pubmed 数据库, 并进入了主题词标引阶段, 但仍然没有主题词 ; index for medline 阶段, 文献被标引了主题词, 具有了 medline 格式, 即带有详细的作者标引和详细的主题词和副主题词组配的标引 ; premedline 状态表示的是非生物医学类的文献, 这类文献不进入 medline 数据库 ; oldmedline for pre1966 是 1966 年以前的文献, 这类文献一般无文摘, 也没有相应的主题词

7 PubMed 主页

8 简单检索 使用帮助常用工具更多服务

9 高级检索

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11 PubMed 检索规则 基本检索规则 其他检索途径 检索结果的输出 获取全文

12 基本检索规则

13 默认检索 Automatic Term Mapping 逻辑运算符 刊名检索 Searching by Journal Title 著者检索 Searching by Author

14 默认检索 Automatic Term Mapping PubMed uses an Automatic Term Mapping feature to search for unqualified terms. When you click Go, PubMed will look for a match in up to the lists. It looks first for a match in the MeSH Translation Table. If it doesn't find a match, it looks in the Journals Translation Table and finally in the Author Index. unqualified terms - Terms that are entered into the PubMed query box without a search field tag (e.g., [mh]).

15 There will be times when PubMed is unable to match a search term with either of the translation tables or the Author Index. PubMed will then search the individual words in All Fields. Individual terms will be combined (ANDed) together.

16 H7N9 如果我要查找 H7N9 禽流感方面的文章

17 PubMed 自动把 H7N9 对应到 MeSH 词表中的 influenza in birds 将该词组分拆与其本身及 H7N9 分别进行检索

18 逻辑运算符 Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) PubMed assumes the AND operator between concepts, e.g., vitamin c common cold is translated as vitamin c AND common cold. Enter Boolean operators in uppercase characters to combine or exclude search terms: AND OR NOT retrieves results that include all the search terms. retrieves results that include at least one of the search terms. excludes the retrieval of terms from your search

19 Boolean operators must be used when combining tagged search terms as follows: search term [tag] BOOLEAN OPERATOR search term [tag]. In a multi-word search PubMed will use Automatic Term Mapping to identify concepts. For example, for the search air bladder fistula, PubMed will search "air bladder" as a phrase. If you do not want this automatic phrase parsing, enter each term separated by the Boolean operator AND, e.g., air AND bladder AND fistula.

20 例 : Find citations on DNA that were authored by Dr. Crick in 1993: dna [mh] AND crick [au] AND 1993 [dp] Find articles on the effects of heat or humidity on multiple sclerosis: (heat OR humidity) AND multiple sclerosis Find citations about arthritis excluding the Publication Type Letter: arthritis NOT letter [pt]

21 AD Affiliation 第一责任者的工作单位 地址, 合同号 ALL All Fields 全字段 AU Author Name 著者姓名 CM Comments 评论 CP Country of Publication 出版国家 DP PDAT Date of Publication 杂志的出版日期 EDAT Entrez Date 录入 PubMed 系统数据库的日期 FAU Full Author Name 全体著者名 IP Issue 期刊的期号 TA Journal Title 期刊名称或 ISSN 号 LA Language 语言文种 MH, MeSH Medical Subject Headings 主题词 PG Page Number 期刊页码 PS Personal Name as Subject 人名主题词 DP Publication Date 文献出版日期 PT Publication Type 文献类型, 包括综述 临床试验 通信等 TW Text Words 题名词和文摘词

22 Searching for a phrase PubMed does not perform adjacency searching. However, many phrases are recognized by the MeSH Translation Table used in PubMed s Automatic Term Mapping (ATM) feature. For example, if you enter fever of unknown origin, PubMed recognizes this phrase as a MeSH concept. If a phrase is not recognized you can instruct PubMed to bypass ATM and search for a phrase using the formats outlined below.

23 Enclose the phrase in double quotes: kidney allograft Use a search tag: kidney allograft[tw] Use a hyphen: kidney-allograft[tw] Truncate: kidney allograft*[tw]

24 kidney allograft[tw]

25 kidney allograft[tw] OR kidney allografted[tw] OR kidney allografting[tw] OR kidney allografts[tw]

26 Truncating search terms To search for all terms that begin with a word, enter the word followed by an asterisk (*). Flavor* Finds terms that begin with the root term flavor, such as flavored, flavorful, flavoring, etc.

27 Truncation turns off automatic term mapping and the automatic explosion of a MeSH term. For example, heart attack* will not map to the MeSH term Myocardial Infarction or include any of the more specific terms, e.g., Myocardial Stunning; Shock, Cardiogenic. Truncating a word in a multi-word query may result in an unexpected phrase search. For example the search, fetus infection* maternal will treat fetus infection* as a phrase.

28 刊名检索 Searching by Journal Title Enter in the search box one of the following: full journal title (e.g., molecular biology of the cell) title abbreviation (e.g., mol biol cell) ISSN number, a standardized international code (e.g., )

29 If a journal title is also a MeSH term (e.g., Gene Therapy, Science, or Cell), PubMed will search the untagged term as MeSH. Tag the journal title by using the Journal Title search field [ta] to search for the journal (e.g., gene therapy [ta]). If a journal title is a single word, tag the title using the Journal Title search field (e.g., scanning [ta]). Otherwise, PubMed will search the untagged single word journal title as a MeSH term (if applicable) or as All Fields.

30 molecular biology of the cell 输入框中的内容会自动显示在上方的方框中

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32 "cell"[journal] journal cell 如果想使用简单检索, 刊名后须带入字段标记

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35 著者检索 Searching by author Enter the author s name in the format of last name followed by initials. Omit punctuation. e.g., smith ja or Jones K. If only the author's last name is entered, tag the name search with the author search field [au], to find the name in the author field only. E.g., woods [au]

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37 The Full Author Translation Table includes: Full author names for articles published from 2002 forward, and to journals that publish using the full names of authors. Full author names can be entered in natural or inverted order. julia s wong wong julia s However, for some names it is necessary to distinguish which name is the last name. ryan, james james, ryan

38 Full author name searching allows for automatic truncation of the forename. If you don t know the middle initial, enter only the last and first names: herron bruce Names with multiple middle initials, e.g., Peter F H Schwab, have a space in between the initials. Use any of the following searching formats: peter schwab peter f schwab peter f h schwab

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41 返回

42 其他检索途径

43 特定文献检索 Single Citation Matcher 期刊数据库 Journal Database 主题词表 MeSH Database

44 Single Citation Matcher The Single Citation Matcher can simplify your search for a specific article or set of articles from a paticular journal

45 cell brown 如果希望检索结果的专指性更强, 可以多填写一些限制项如 :date, volume, author name, title words

46 Journal Database To find the full journal title MEDLINE abbreviation, ISSN, or other information about a journal in PubMed, use the Journals Database

47 lancet

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51 MeSH Database MeSH 医学主题词表 (Medical Subject Heading, 简称 MeSH) 是 NLM 对生物医学文献进行主题分析 标引的权威性词表, 也是指导用户使用主题索引进行文献检索的工具 由于自然语言存在大量的一词多义 一义多词 单复数变化等现象, 这就给读者查找文献带来了很大困难 MeSH 的主要就是起到规范化作用, 保证文献的作者 标引者和检索者在用词上的一致 ; 将自然语言转换成规范化的人工语言, 提高检索效率

52 nosebleed

53 主题词注释 可供勾选的副主题词 限定作为主要主题词匹配 不进行下位词扩检 该主题词所替代的非规范词的形式 主题词树状结构表

54 Combining MeSH Terms-- 以 Measles 为例

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56 继续输入第二个要组配的主题词 outbreak

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58 返回

59 PubMed Clinical Queries 临床查询

60 临床查询 : 病因 诊断 治疗 预后

61 检索结果的输出

62 返回

63 全文获取

64 获取 PubMed 全文有几种途径 免费全文 查看全文链接 LinkOut 图书馆的文献传递

65 免费的全文, 根据提供机构不同可分为两种 : 由 PubMed Central(PMC) 提供 出版商直接向 PubMed 提供的电子刊物 ( 由于出版商不同, 图标也各不相同 )

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67 查看全文链接 LinkOut 通常 PubMed 提供的全文图标只有 2~3 个, 但实际上全文链接却有很多, 这时, 我们需要借助全纪录界面 (Single Citation Display) 的 LinkOut

68 此图为 PubMed 的全纪录界面 (Single Citation Display) 全文图标 LinkOut 提供的全文链接

69 图书馆的文献传递 如果以上途径都无法获取想要的全文, 还可以申请文献传递

70 练习 1. 检索近 5 年来发表在英国医学会 BMJ 杂志上的有关乳腺癌 (breast cancer) 方面的文献 2. 检索有关肺癌 (lung cancer) 与吸烟 (smoke) 的关系方面的文献

71 谢谢!