Introduction to MASM. Assemble-Link Execute Cycle. Listing File. MASM 6.11 Reference. ICT106 Fundamentals of Computer Systems Practice Week 9

Transcription

1 Introduction to MASM ICT106 Fundamentals of Computer Systems Practice Week 9 MASM 6.11 Reference Originally developed by Microsoft for MS- DOS operating system; Support a wide variety of macro facilities and structured programming; Support for 16-bit and 32-bit versions; The latest version is called MASM32 V9; MASM 611 version is used for demonstration and lab practices. ICT 106 _Week 9_06 2 Assemble-Link Execute Cycle The following diagram describes the steps from creating a source program through executing the compiled program. If the source code is modified, Steps 2 through 4 must be repeated. Listing File Use it to see how your program is compiled Contains source code addresses object code (machine language) segment names symbols (variables, procedures, and constants) Example: hello.lst ICT 106 _Week 9_06 3 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 4 1

2 Map File Information about each program segment: starting address ending address size segment type Example: hello.map MASM Tools CodeView Debugger runs the assembled or compiled program while simultaneously displaying the program source code, program variables, etc CVPACK is used to reduce the size of an executable file that contains CodeView debugging information ICT 106 _Week 9_06 5 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 6 The HELPMAKE utility creates help files and customised the help files supplied with Microsoft language products The H2INC utility converts C header (.H) files into MASM-compatible include (.INC) files. It translates declarations and prototypes, but does not translate code The LIB utility helps create, organise, and maintain run-time libraries The LINK utility combines object files into a single executable file or dynamic-link library The MASM program converts commandline options from MASM style to ML style, adds options to maximise compatibility, and calls ML.EXE ICT 106 _Week 9_06 7 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 8 2

3 The ML program assembles and links one or more assembly-language source files. The command-line options are case sensitive The NMAKE utility automates the process of compiling and linking project files The Microsoft Programmer s WorkBench (PWB) provides an integrated environment for developing programs in assembly language. The QuickHelp utility displays Help files. ICT 106 _Week 9_06 9 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 10 Microsoft Assembler (ML) The ML program assembles and links one or more assembly language source files Syntax ML [options] filename [[options] filename] [/link linkoptions] For example, assembles the source file hello.asm and produces the object file hello.obj ML /c hello.asm The options parameter consists of zero or more command-line options; You can use either a slash (/) or dash (-) before each option; Multiple options are allowed but they must be separated by at least one space; Note that the command-line options are case sensitive. ICT 106 _Week 9_06 11 ICT 106 _Week 9_

4 ML Command-Line Options /? Display a summary of ML command-line syntax /c Assembles only. Does not link E.g. ML /c hello.asm /Cu Maps all identifiers to uppercase E.g. ML /Cu hello.asm /Fefilename Names the executable file. Note that the filename is limited to only 8 characters E.g. ML /FeHi.exe hello.asm /Fl[filename] Generates an assembled code listing E.g. ML /FlHi.lst hello.asm ICT 106 _Week 9_06 13 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 14 /Fm[filename] Creates a linker map file E.g. ML /FmHi.map hello.asm /Fofilename Names an object file E.g. ML /FoHi.obj hello.asm /I pathname Sets path for include file. A maximum of 10 /I options is allowed E.g. ML /l include\ hello.asm /link Linker options and libraries /Sn Turns off symbol table when producing a listing ICT 106 _Week 9_06 15 ICT 106 _Week 9_

5 Link Command-Link Options /Ta filename Assembles source file whose name does not end with the.asm extension E.g. ML /Ta hello.txt /Zi Generates CodeView information in object file /Zs Performs a syntax check only Syntax LINK objfiles [, [exefile] [, [mapfile] [, [libraries] [, [deffile] ] ] ] ] /CO Adds symbolic data and line numbers needed by the Microsoft CodeView debugger. /F Optimises far calls ICT 106 _Week 9_06 17 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 18 /INF Displays to the standard output the phase of linking and names of object files being linked /M Adds public symbols to the map file /NOF Turns off far-call optimisation /ST:number Sets the stack size to number bytes, from 1 byte to 64K /T Creates a tiny-model MS-DOS program with a.com extension instead of.exe /? Displays a summary of LINK command-link syntax ICT 106 _Week 9_06 19 ICT 106 _Week 9_

6 MASM Command-Line Options MASM is provided to maintain compatibility with old makefiles. You should use the more powerful ML.EXE in your lab /H Lists command-line arguments. Translated to /help /I pathname Specifies an include path /L Creates a normal listing. Translated to /Fl /MU Converts names to uppercase. Translated to /Cu /N Suppresses table in listing file. Translated to /Sn /Z Displays error lines on screen. Ignored ICT 106 _Week 9_06 21 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 22 Introduction to CodeView A window-oriented debugging tool that helps to find and correct errors in MASM and Microsoft C/C++ programs It was one of the first debuggers on the MS-DOS platform that was full-screen oriented, rather than line oriented CodeView would present the user with several windows that could be tiled, moved, and otherwise manipulated. Some of the windows were: Code window - the code window showed the currently debugged code in its source code context. Data window - a hexadecimal dump of a user-specified memory area. Command window - user commands (using the same or similar syntax as DEBUG.COM) could be entered here. ICT 106 _Week 9_06 23 ICT 106 _Week 9_

7 You can specify CodeView options when you assemble a source file with the /Zi option If you do not need full symbolic information in some modules, compile with the /Zd option E.g. ML /C /Zi hello.asm Link /CO hello cv hello.exe ICT 106 _Week 9_06 25 ICT 106 _Week 9_06 26 CodeView Command-Line Options /2 Permits the use of two monitors /25 or /43 or /50 Starts in 25/43/50-line mode /B Starts in black-and-while mode /K Disables installation of keyboard monitors for the program being debugged /M Disables CodeView use of the mouse /R Enables 80386/486 debug registers ICT 106 _Week 9_06 27 ICT 106 _Week 9_