Communications in ITS. Houston CDPD Experiences What s next for Cellular
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1 Communications in ITS Houston CDPD Experiences What s next for Cellular Diederick VanDillen Presented at: San Antonio, TX November 14, 2002
2 Outline Slide 2 Houston CDPD Experience Project overview System requirements Design & Architecture Status What s Next for Cellular Data Future of CDPD New Technologies Deployment considerations
3 Houston CDPD project overview Slide 3 Initiated over 2 years ago to extend reach of Houston Regional Computerized Traffic Signal System (RCTSS) communications network Provide wireless data communications between Siemens GTS icons central traffic management system and Model 2070 traffic controllers with NextPhase software Once per second status polling Controller parameter upload/download Pattern commanding Clock synchronization Initial support ~800 controllers
4 System Requirements Slide 4 Independent of physical / data link layer support CDPD, Ethernet, Next generation wireless Simultaneous support for multiple communication types Take advantage of CDPD (IP) attributes Standards adherence IP / NTCIP Minimize development 3 rd party software for protocol stack and services (SNMP, FTP, SNTP) Maintain consistent system functionality Transparent to the end user
5 CDPD Network Slide 5 Mobile Data Base Station (MDBS) Mobile Data Intermediate Station (MDIS) Private IP Network Overlay to the AMPS analog cellular network Internet CDPD Modem (subscriber) Mobile Data Base Station (MDBS) Airlink CDPD IP
6 CDPD Characteristics Slide 6 Data burst across spare channel capacity Carriers now dedicate channels Connectionless service Lost packets and packets received out of order TTL approximately 5 seconds Data rate 19.2 kbps Actual throughput ~10-12 kbps Performance (based on measured results) One-way latency <= 350ms (95%) One-way latency < 5 sec (4%) Lost data (1%) Redundant Fault Tolerant Network Overlapping cell tower coverage A/B side cross carrier routing
7 Design & Development Process Slide 7 Feasibility Testing Validate concept and design approach Verify coverage and baseline network performance Requirements Definition and System Design Detailed Software Design Development Testing Early testing using the Internet Identify any limitations in system design Throughput and scalability testing 242 bps average data per controller status reporting 446 bps average data per controller with upload/download
8 Logical Architecture Slide 8 Controller Status Reporting Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) Event Driven updates via SNMP Trap message type no message receipt confirmation Keep Alive and system detector poll messages via SNMP GET message type Use time stamps and sequence numbering to manage central data processing and network monitoring Icons playback delay buffer (0-5 secs) to manage packets received out of order Supported Protocols IP/UDP/SNMP
9 Logical Architecture Slide 9 Controller Pattern Commanding SNMP SET message type Controller Parameter Upload / Download File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Server (controller - Nextphase), Client (central Icons) Entire data contents transferred in single transaction Controller Clock Synchronization Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) Synchronization initiated by controller Supported Protocols IP/UDP/SNMP Supported Protocols IP/TCP/FTP Supported Protocols IP/UDP/SNTP
10 Logical Architecture Slide 10 Network Performance Monitoring Support real-time monitoring and historical reporting Monitor network performance Diagnostic tool to identify network problems Collects SNMP Trap/Get/Set message statistics for all controllers Use sequence number and time stamps to calculate statistics per controller and per server Number of Traps received / missed Number of Gets / Sets One-way latency (min, max, average) Communications ceased / commenced Supported Protocols IP/UDP/SNMP
11 Protocol Architecture Slide 11 SNMP, SNTP NextPhase FTP SNMP, SNTP Icons FTP UDP IP SLIP TCP NextPhase Controller - Radio CDPD Network UDP IP Ethernet TCP Icons Server - Network
12 Physical Network Slide 12 Field Cabinet Carrier (Verizon) Houston TranStar RS232 Serial Model 2070 Controller CDPD Field Radio Communications Servers (7) FTP Proxy Server Applications/DB/ Time Server Workstations Model 2070 Controller RS232 Serial CDPD Field Radio CDPD Network Internet Dedicated Access Model 2070 Controller RS232 Serial CDPD Field Radio Firewall Router RCTSS LAN
13 CDPD Modem Slide 13 Various Modems Evaluated Airlink Raven, Sierra Wireless MP200, Enfora Spider 4 Airlink Raven Selected Environmental hardening Standard serial SLIP support to controller Security: friends list source IP filtering Remote Management: ACE Diagnostic front panel LEDS (Chl, Link, Tx, Rx, RSSI, Reg) Cost: ~$500
14 Cabinet Antenna Slide 14 Low profile surface mount antennas
15 Cabinet Radio Installation Slide Cabinet NEMA Cabinet separate comm panel
16 Current Status Slide 16 System operational and Acceptance Testing complete Approximately 30 CDPD controllers on line Service negotiations underway with Verizon Wireless Current activation: $0 Current monthly usage: ~$28 (unlimited) Migration from Internet to private network Improved security and performance
17 What s Next for Cellular Future of CDPD Slide 17 Next generation digital cellular services replacing AMPS networks Carrier migration of data services from CDPD to Gen 2.5/3 networks Service availability 2-3 more years ATT to discontinue service in June 2004 Coverage gaps and service degradation can be expected as carriers forego maintenance in favor of next generation network build out
18 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation Cellular Networks Slide 18 Integrated voice and data services IP-based packet data services 2.5G: Higher bandwidth than CDPD Class of service (COS) differentiation i.e. telemetry/scada, corporate network access, Web/ VPN, Firewall, NAT, IPv6, security 3.0G: Upgrade of 2.5G network Megabit bandwidth multimedia support QOS (Quality of service) guarantees bandwidth, throughput, latency, jitter
19 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation (GSM) Slide 19 Global Service for Mobile Communications (GSM) Worldwide TDM digital standard Existing 2G Data Services Circuit switched: kbps SMS (short message service): store/forward text messaging New Services GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) (2.5G): 115kbps, 40-50kbps (typical) current deployment EDGE (Enhanced Datarates for GSM Evolution): 384kbps ~2yrs UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) W-CDMA (3G): 2Mb ~5yrs
20 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation (CDMA) Slide 20 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) International spread spectrum DSS digital standard Existing Data Services Circuit switched: kbps SMS (short message service): store/forward text messaging IS95: 14.4kbps New Services CDMA2000 (1xRTT) (2.5G): 153kbps 1xEV-DO (Data enhanced): 614kbps 3xRTT (3G): 2Mb
21 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation (iden) Slide 21 Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iden) Motorola developed 2.5G: ~64kbps
22 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation Comparison Slide 22 Technology TDMA / AMPS / CDPD CDMA CDMA ixrtt (2.5G) 1xEV-DO 3xRTT (3G) GSM GPRS (2.5G) EDGE UMTS (3G) iden Increased capability and bandwidth
23 What s Next for Cellular Next Generation Carriers Slide 23 GPRS / GSM ATTWS ~80% of current markets Cingular very few markets T-Mobile Dobson iden Nextel ~100% of current coverage 1xRTT / CDMA Verizon ~50% of current coverage Sprint ~85% of current coverage Alltel Western Wireless US Cellular
24 What s Next for Cellular Deployment Considerations Slide 24 Availability and Coverage Carriers currently deploying 2.5G networks in most metropolitan areas Modem vendors adding 2.5G support Marketing packages / service Pricing, COS, QOS discriminators Architecture Private network: Increased security and performance using leased line, VPN, and subnet modem groups Internet: More flexible and cost-effective, may be appropriate for small networks, security concerns Static vs. dynamic IP addressing Modem Antennas CDPD (800MHz), Next Gen (1.8, 1.9GHz) Remote Network Management Tools to support configuration and status monitoring
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