The Internet and the web

Transcription

1 The Internet and the web

2 Contents Introduction 3 1 The Internet at home 4 2 Loca Area Networks sma office/home office 5 3 Loca Area Networks business 6 4 Wide Area Networks 8 5 Wireess networks 9 6 Mobie wireess 10 7 The Internet 10 8 Onine behaviour 11 9 Activities Additiona resources End of course quiz Acknowedgements 15 2 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

3 Introduction Introduction The Internet is a coection of interconnected computers ocated throughout the word. These computers come in many forms, most obviousy the traditiona PC, but aso incude tabet computers, smart phones and smart home devices such as teevisions. Many domestic and commercia devices that are required to share information are now doing so via the Internet. This is known as the Internet of Everything (IoE). Some exampes of the IoE are: Controing the ights and heating in your house from a smart phone when you are on hoiday. Viewing your security/cat fap camera from your smart phone when you are at work or schoo. Traffic ights automaticay detecting an approaching ambuance and communicating among themseves to provide a cear path to the hospita. Doctors monitoring a patient s heart rate remotey via wearabe technoogy. Whenever you are using a computing device to access the Internet, you have actuay become a part of it! 3 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

4 1 The Internet at home 1 The Internet at home Figure 1 Many peope now have computers at home (remember, tabets and smart phones can be considered as computers), which communicate over a network. The network connections that ink the device can be either wired or wireess. In order for these devices to access the Internet, you need to sign up with an Internet service provider (ISP), such as BT, Virgin Media, Sky or TakTak. Your service provider normay provides a home router, which your devices can connect to within your home using wires or wireessy. The home router can connect to the ISP via a variety of methods, such as cabe system, traditiona phone wires or wireessy. The connection method used wi depend on the ISP you have chosen. Due to the size of your home network, it is referred to as a Loca Area Network (LAN), which means it is used to connect together devices that are physicay cose together. 4 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

5 2 Loca Area Networks sma office/home office Activity: Computing devices List a of the computing devices within your home network. Answer At home you might have: a persona computer, aptop, printer, smart phone, tabet, smart TV, persona video recorder, aarm system, security camera and a home router. 2 Loca Area Networks sma office/ home office Figure 2 Many peope have jobs that can be done from home via the Internet. This requires them to use a network to connect together the computing devices needed to do their work. 5 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

6 3 Loca Area Networks business Many businesses are sma in size (with no more than 10 peope working for them), and aso require a network to connect together their empoyee s computing devices. These home/office networks are sti considered to be LANs, but due to their sma size are often referred to as Sma Office Home Office (SOHO) networks. Depending on the purpose of the sma business, SOHO networks often contain more speciaised computing devices and software than a home LAN, but sti need to be connected to the Internet via an ISP. 3 Loca Area Networks business Figure 3 Larger businesses may have a great many network-connected devices due to the arge number of staff they empoy. Their network is sti considered to be a LAN if the devices are ocated within the same buiding or on the same site. A business LAN wi probaby contain many speciaist devices not typicay found in SOHO networks, such as: 6 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

7 3 Loca Area Networks business Internet teephones servers security devices Servers are computers that can provide services for those who use the LAN. For exampe, a fie server aows LAN users to share fies (documents, video and software). Security devices are specia network hardware, designed to protect the network from attack. 7 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

8 4 Wide Area Networks 4 Wide Area Networks Figure 4 Very arge organisations require the use of mutipe LANs to aow their staff to do business in different parts of a country, or even in other countries. The individua networks must be connected together to aow the staff to communicate and share information. This creates a type of network caed a Wide Area Network (WAN). 8 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

9 5 Wireess networks Once again it is the responsibiity of ISPs to provide the connections between the LANs, athough the devices invoved wi be far more powerfu than those used in SOHO networks. Some organisations may even create a WAN using their own devices. Because a WAN is a coection of LANs connected together over arge distances, the Internet itsef is considered to be the argest WAN in existence. 5 Wireess networks There are many different wireess technoogies avaiabe for use within networks. Most current wireess technoogies use radio frequencies to transmit data between devices. The main difference between the various types of wireess technoogy is the amount of data that it can send (data rate) and how far the data can trave (range). The wireess technoogies avaiabe for LANs are: Wireess technoogy Data rate Data range buetooth ow short, medium WiFi medium medium Zigbee ow medium Buetooth and Zigbee are designed to aow computing devices to be paired so that they wi operate together. For exampe, Buetooth can be used to connect headphones to a smartphone, whereas Zigbee is commony used to connect househod devices or sensors (motion, temperature, etc.) to a centra controer. WiFi is commony used to connect computing devices within a home, SOHO or business LAN to aow them to access oca and Internet resources. A home, SOHO or business usuay has the abiity to support both wired and wireess WiFi connections. If you have access to your home router, examine it to see whether it can support wired connections. To provide Internet access for customers, many businesses provide free WiFi, and it is becoming increasingy common for oca councis to provide free WiFi in city centres. Buetooth has different impementations. For exampe, it can aso be used for data, somewhat ike WiFi you can have a oca Persona Area Network (PAN) or connect over greater distances. Some retaiers connect to your smartphone s Buetooth when you enter their shop. 9 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

10 6 Mobie wireess Figure 5 6 Mobie wireess Mobie phones aso use radio frequencies to connect both voice and data signas to the mobie provider s network. The technoogy used is different to that used in LANs, but can typicay support quite high data rates over a reasonabe range, typicay a few kiometres. The different types of technoogy are identified by generations (e.g. 2G, 3G and 4G), with data rates improving with each generation. When you trave and use your smart phone to access the Internet, the mobie phone company provides the same connection service as your ISP when you are at home, but using different technoogy. 7 The Internet As we have seen, the Internet is a coection of connected networks that cooperate in order to exchange data. It uses a range of different technoogies and is not owned by any singe organisation. When you access the Internet from your home, a the content that you interact with is ocated on servers around the word that are themseves connected to the Internet. This is true when you are using socia media, paying an onine game (ike Minecraft), shopping, using emai or accessing educationa resources. When using the Word Wide Web (WWW) via a web browser, you are accessing the Internet, but remember that the WWW is just one of the services that is accessibe via the Internet. Watch the foowing video for more information about the basic operation of web and emai services. 10 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

11 8 Onine behaviour 8 Onine behaviour The Internet is an amazing way of performing many usefu and fun activities: searching for information and earning paying games keeping in touch with friends and famiy sharing ideas and pictures making new friends. But you must remember that the Internet provides a gateway that is open to both you and miions of other peope around the word. There is no guarantee that other users of the Internet wi be friendy, or that they won t try to trick you for their own benefit. Using the Internet exposes you to risks that you need to be aware of in order to safey use it for your enjoyment. Watch the foowing video to earn more about these risks: Parents have aways tod chidren to be carefu around strangers, and this is sti good advice when using the Internet. You must aso remember that once you have made information or pictures avaiabe onine, it is very difficut to stop them from being shared. It is therefore very important to THINK about what you are posting onine before you post it: T is it True? H is it Hurtfu? I is it Iega? N is it Necessary? K is it Kind? To enjoy your time onine, and to make it a peasant pace for your friends and famiy, you need to be a good digita citizen: 11 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

12 8 Onine behaviour Figure 6 Activity: Using the Internet When using the Internet to do the foowing things, what questions shoud you consider? What shoud you consider when searching for information and earning? paying games? keeping in touch/sharing ideas and pictures? making new friends? Answer Answer Read the tabe beow for suggested questions you might have thought of. 12 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

13 9 Activities What shoud you consider when searching for information and earning? paying games? keeping in touch/sharing ideas and pictures? making new friends? Answer Is the information you found true? Who wrote it? Is it an opinion or a fact? Who are you paying the game with? Do you know them offine (for exampe, from schoo) or have you met them onine? Are the games appropriate? Some may be designed for aduts and coud be upsetting to chidren. What information are you giving other peope? What can they do with it? Coud the information/pictures be used to embarrass you or other peope? Do you reay know who you are taking to onine? It is very easy to pretend to be someone you are not onine. 9 Activities Activity: Making a positive digita footprint Part 1 It is as important to think about your safety onine as it is in the rea word. Watch the video, Newsround Caught in the Web and compete the questions beow. 1 What did Lost Princess do wrong? List a the mistakes she made. 2 What did Lucy do that made her such an easy target? 3 Why did Kieran think what he was doing was OK? 4 What did Charotte do that made it easy for the boy to befriend her? 5 If you think any of these characters might be you, what can you do? 13 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

14 10 Additiona resources Part 2 A good digita citizen shoud eave a positive digita footprint. Now that you have considered the characters in the video, think about three ways in which you have used the Internet in the past and what you coud have done differenty. Compete the tabe beow. What I did What I coud have done differenty Activity: Extended cassroom activities 1 Come up with a pan of how to remember your passwords or store them securey. 2 Discuss in the cass how much time you spend and what you do on the Internet. Are you missing out on rea ife? 3 What dangers coud you be in if you ie about your age onine? Activity: Drama for Internet safety Take a ook at the activity provided by Chidnet Internationa about sexting. The pact incudes a 25-minute pay script and esson pans to expore the consequences of creating and sending indecent images. Act out the scenario with different chidren with different characteristics based on the roe cards. Ask students to discuss why they did things in a certain way. 10 Additiona resources For more information, take a ook at the foowing resources. Internet for Beginners BBC Bitesize - What is the Word Wide Web How the Internet Works Communications and Networks Unpugged, by the Digita Schoohouse. Expore the differences between the Internet and the Word Wide Web. You can aso register with Digita Schoohouse for free to access fu resources. 14 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017

15 11 End of course quiz Being a Good Digita Citizen Cyber Buying Think You Know 11 End of course quiz Now it s time to test what you ve earned in a quiz. 12 Acknowedgements Gratefu acknowedgement is made to the foowing sources: Figure 1: Cisco Figure 2: Cisco Figure 3: Cisco Figure 4: Cisco Figure 6: I am a Digita Citizen! Sandy Liptak found on essonsbysandy.com. Every effort has been made to contact copyright hoders. If any have been inadvertenty overooked the pubishers wi be peased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. 15 of 15 Monday 4 September 2017