Computing in a Carbon Sensitive Environment

Transcription

1 Computing in a Carbon Sensitive Environment Mick Walker Green Computing IBM Systems & Technology Group UKISA 2007 IBM Corporation

2 Why should clients care? Is climate change happening and is human activity the cause? This is business sense not politics 2

3 The business opportunities and risks related to climate change have several interrelated drivers Regulation/Legislation EU Emissions Trading Climate Change Levy Stakeholder pressures Investors, Consumers Share/Market Value Customer Costs Energy Transport, Waste disposal Innovation Risk & Change New Markets New Solutions Source: Carbon Trust Carbon Management White Paper 3

4 Data centers are at a tipping point Left unchecked, the cost to power and cool servers in the future may well equal the cost of acquisition. If IDC 2010 forecast holds, the cost to power and cool servers in the data center will increase by 54%. IT executives now rank power and cooling in the top 5 among current concerns Raw processing horsepower is the primary goal, while the infrastructure to support it is assumed ready Spending (US$B) $300 $250 $200 $150 $ Raw processing horsepower is a given, but the $50 infrastructure to support deployment is a limiting factor $0 Power and cooling costs x8 Server mgmt and admin costs x4 New server spending Installed Base (M Units) SOURCE: IDC, Worldwide Server Power and Cooling Expense , Document #203598, Sept. 2006

5 Opportunity Reducing the Carbon IBM Systems Foot Print and of Technology IT Group The Power Problem; an Industry Dilemma After: R. Schmidt et al., IBM J. R&D, (2002). Steam Iron 5W/cm2? 5

6 How is energy typically used in the data center? Data center IT Load 55% 45% Power and Cooling Data source: Creating Energy-Efficient Data Centers,, U.S. Department of Energy, Data Center Facilities and Engineering Conference, May 18,

7 How is energy typically used in the data center? Data center Server hardware IT Load Processor 55% 45% 70% 30% Power and Cooling Power supply, memory, fans, planar, drives... 7

8 How is energy typically used in the data center? Data center Server hardware Server loads IT Load Processor Resource usage rate 55% 45% 70% 30% 80% 20% Power and Cooling Power supply, memory, fans, planar, drives... Idle 8

9 Comparison of typical server utilisation rates Used Idle > 80% 15% - 20% <6% Mainframe UNIX x86 9

10 Storage unknown Purchased Known Purchased Storage Capacity Waste Waterfall Chart Logically Configured Storage Capacity Allocated Storage Capacity to File System Available Storage Capacity to Users Total Consumed Storage Capacity 25% -47% Unique Data Stored Physical Logical Allocated Available Claimed Used 10

11 IBM Energy Efficiency Initiative project Big Green Sharing with Clients Applying 30 years of experience Training a Green-team Offering a 5 step Green Plan Environmental Efforts At Big Blue EPA s Top Awards Reduced CO2 by 40% $1B per year investment Designing products with environmental consideration Energy Efficiency Initiative Data Center Services & Solutions Environmental Responsibility Cool Blue Portfolio Innovations in Energy Industry Mobile Measurement Technology Intelligent Oil Field Intelligent Utility Networks Integrated Mass Transit Info systems Nano-technology Water Filtration 11 Collaboration with Energy Influencers US Alliance to Save Energy; EPA; GreenGrid / Europe Green Power Market Development Group /Global blade.org; World Wildlife Fund

12 Environmental responsibility is a core IBM value New Goal Announced! 12 Further extend IBM s early accomplishments by reducing CO 2 emissions associated with IBM s energy use 12% from 2005 to 2012 via energy conservation, use of renewable energy, and/or funding CO 2 emissions reductions with Renewable Energy Certificates or comparable instruments. Early Results 40% Between 1990 and 2005, IBM s global energy conservation actions reduced or avoided CO 2 emissions by an amount equal to 40% of its 1990 emissions. Awards & Recognition Computer Program Charter Member 1992 Business Environmental Leadership Council Charter Member FORTUNE 500 Top , 2005, Charter Member , 1999, 2001 Environmental Efforts at Big Blue Charter member 2003 WRI Green Power Market Development Group Charter member 2000 Since inception USEPA Climate Protection Award 1998 and The Climate Group 2005 Green Power Purchaser Award (b) voluntary emissions reporting since Became the first semiconductor company to 58% set a numerical target for PFC emissions reduction

13 TECHNOLOGY IBM s Data Center Energy Efficiency History A decade of improvement IBM Strategic Delivery Model IBM Metrics 1997 Today CIOs Host data centers Web hosting centers 80 5 Network 31 1 Global Resources Strategic IGA Location Strategic Web Location for IGA Ethernet & Power9 Networks Applications 15,000 4,700 Tactical and operational efficiencies Consolidation of infrastructure Application consolidation/reduction Global resource deployment Enterprise end-to-end architecture optimization 13

14 IBM s Project Big Green Spurs Global Shift to Linux on Mainframe Consolidate approximately 3,900 servers. To 30 System z mainframes. Will run on Linux operating system. 80% reduction in energy consumption compared to existing base. Significant savings over five years in energy, software and support costs. Invest in data centers we own or manage for clients to double compute capacity by 2010 without increasing power consumption or carbon footprint saving 5 billion kilowatt hours per year... equals energy consumed by Paris the City of Lights 14

15 Project Big Green Progression The 5 Step plan Green-Plan 5 Steps 1. Diagnose : Evaluate existing facilities and energy goals. 2. Build: Plan, build or update to an energy efficient data center. IBM Energy Efficiency EEI Green Initiative Plan 3. Implement: Implement virtualisation or new technology 4. Manage & Measure: Use management software. 5. Cool: Exploit liquid cooling in the data center 15

16 Energy efficiency - Diagnose What can be done: Server consolidation study which includes CO2 emissions. Environmental Study (Zodiac V5) Storage Priority Assessment. The benefits: Energy & Climate Current Alt.Case Change Difference avg RackU / Server % 1.0 Total RackU % U Racks % -3.1 Total kw per hr % yr Adjusted kwh 358, , % -233,520.8 Heat BTU/hr 92, , % -60, yr C02 tonnes % yr Carbon tonnes % RIPs /kw 1, , % 2,087 CO2 needs 330 Trees p.a. RIPS / tonne CO % 549 or 596,695 km 167 g/km W /m2 19, , % 5,141 Power Cost 28, , % - 18,

17 Diagnose Extend useful life of an existing data center with 15% energy savings from physical infrastructure efficiencies Client requirements Not able to grow the existing data center Need to improve energy efficiency of physical infrastructure to allow for business growth Current? Solution: DC Energy Efficiency Assessment Evaluated cooling system components, electrical systems and other building systems Implement air management improvements (blanking plates, close off floor openings, proper tile placement) Increase chilled water temperature from chillers by 5 0 F Increase supply air temperature from CRAC s by 5 0 F Align servers & floor tiles with hot aisle/cold aisle configuration Estimated Benefits Establish baseline for data center PUE < 2.0 Up to 15% annual savings from physical infrastructure Estimate 200kW to 230kW energy savings (~$60K /yr) 66% 50% 40% 33% 28% Most energy efficient Least energy efficient Improvements Cost ($K) ROI Air management improvements: floor gaps, blanking plates, tile placement Align servers using hot / cold aisle techniques < 5 < 1 year <10 < 1 year Increase chilled water temperatures < 5 <1 year Increase supply air temperatures from CRAC s Recommission water side economizer for free cooling < 3 <1 year ~ 50 to 100 < 2 years Total < 2 years 17

18 Build Rapid deployment of an energy efficient data center in a non-traditional environment Client requirements Needed to convert a school locker room to a data center environment Desired an energy efficient data center Needed to implement the solution quickly Solution: Scalable Modular Data Center Implemented IBM Scalable Modular Data Center solution with advanced InfraStruXure architecture from IBM Alliance Partner APC Implemented 16 racks of System p and System x equipment Included UPS, air conditioning units & overhead cabling Benefits Cost effective data center Implemented within in few weeks using cement pad floor improved installation timeline Energy efficient design included UPS systems and in-row, load variable cooling 18

19 MareNostrum Barcelona Super Computing Centre Client Requirements Build #1 super computing center in Europe to focus on computational, earth and life sciences Location - Torre Girona Chapel 1,650 sq ft Install 2,560 blades terra flops 4 months - construction start to functional center Create a scalable, flexible environment Solution Raised floor with design to accommodate high flow requirements Cooling capacity and redundancy to meeting high performance requirements Cooling water storage tanks Benefits Supports 21KW/rack (400 W/sq ft) of cooling Flexibility for the future World s most beautiful supercomputing center Courtesy of Barcelona Supercomputing Center 19

20 Virtualize Improve operational efficiency and risk management while reducing energy usage and operational costs by 80% Client requirements Needed to reduce systems management complexity Needed to increase stability, availability, and provide world-class security Improve operational costs and energy efficiency Initial priority for consolidation to Linux on System z Solution: Consolidate workload to System z Consolidate 3,900 servers to 30 System z mainframes Migrate servers delivering largest savings first Eliminate assets with lowest utilization first Aggregate by customer work portfolio to leverage strong customer buy-in Focus on freeing up raised floor space Provision new applications to the mainframe Benefits Annual energy usage reduced by 80% Total floor space reduced by 85% 20

21 APP 1 APP 2 APP 3 APP 4 APP 1 APP 2 APP 3 APP 4 APP 5 APP 6 Energy Management Policy - Server Consolidation Conserves Energy APP 8 APP 7 APP 8 APP 7 System 1 System 2 System 4 Advanced POWER Virtualization 10% busy 4KW 10% busy 4KW 10% busy 4KW 70% busy 6KW Total Power 16KW Total Power 6KW Server consolidation exploiting virtualisation is a very effective tool in reducing energy costs 21

22 APP 5 APP 6 APP 1 APP 2 APP 3 APP 4 Energy Management policy example Workload Migration Enables Dynamic Server Consolidation System 1 System 2 Use of hibernation, powering off servers, and other low power states in combination with other workload balancing and provisioning tools can provide a valuable tool in management of Power and Thermal issues. Automate Energy Control Policy-based automation System 3 Control Energy Consumption Consolidate workloads to reduce 22

23 Air Cooled Server Racks S e rv e r Loa d 46.2% O th e r 12.4% Lig htin g 2.2% O ff ic e Sp a c e C ondit ionin g 1.3% E le c t ric a l R oo m Co oling 3.6% C oolin g T ow e r P la nt 3.5% Datacenter Power Usage for Air versus Water Cooled Systems D a t a C e n te r C ooling 30.8% Water Cooled Server Racks 20% less total load E le c tric ity E le c tric ity Consu mptio n(k W ) Consu mptio n(k W ) w ith Air Coo le d w ith W a ter Coo le d D e sc ription S e rv e rs S e rv e rs Other Lighting Office Space Conditio Electrical Room Cool Cooling Tower Plant Data Center Cooling Serv er Load Total Load Server Load 56.3% Other 15.1% Lighting 2.7% Office Space Conditioning 1.5% Electrical Room Cooling 4.4% Cooling Tower Plant 4.3% Data Center Cooling 15.7% Savings of ½ million dollars/year at $0.10 / kw-hr 23

24 Manage and Measure & Cool IBM Energy Management Solution and IBM Rear Door Heat exchanger Client requirements Improve how to meter, control, and cap power usage Actively moving workloads and power up/down resources Solution: IBM Energy Management and IBM Rear Door Heat exchanger Power density of 200 watts per square foot Use of 2 Thermal Zones for targeted power and cooling Power and thermal meters to measure baseline and changes Rack based thermal cooling Benefits Integrated Facilities and IT solution Rack Level Cooling Improves Efficiency 20-30% Match Cooling Load to Heat Load: 10-30% Savings Combined Air and Water or Refrigerant Cooling Reduces Equipment Costs/More Flexible Facility 24

25 Innovations Can Seem to be Deja-Vu All Over Again IBM s CoolBlue Initiative includes Rear Door Heat exchanger which can remove over 50% of a rack s heat output Rear Door Heat exchanger Air Flow No new fans or electrical load. Attaches to back of rack (adds 5 ) No rearrangement of datacenter Front Cold Back Hot Cost effective; 1KW cooling = 286 Rear Door Heat exchanger adds cooling capacity at ~1/4 of the cost of traditional methods PS. Air is a lousy coolant Perf Tile IBM Rack Under floor Chilled Air Water Line Tile Floor Sub Floor 25

26 26 Cool Implement innovative cooling technologies to reduce operational costs from the largest energy user by 45% Client requirements Corporate requirement to reduce energy consumption by 4% year-to-year Reduce energy consumption and operating costs of chiller plant supporting Bromont (Quebec, Canada) site Solution: Data Center Stored Cooling Solution Reduce chiller partial loading Increase chiller operation during optimal climatic conditions Also shift consumption to off-peak rate hours Optimize chiller efficiency Take advantage of more free cooling hours per year Benefits Reduced chiller plant operating cost by 45% Over 5.3 million kwhr per year Demand reduction of approximately 1 MW Translated to overall site energy savings of 6% Avoided need to install additional chiller Environmentally-friendly, non-toxic, no-maintenance solution

27 Benefits of a Green Data Center Build Green Data Center Manage Measure Virtualize Cool Financial From Rising global energy prices Squeeze on IT budgets Constraints on IT growth To Ability to accurate view baseline energy cost Cost savings from more efficient energy use Relax budgetary pressures to allow growth Operational High density server systems Exploding power & cooling cost Aging data centers More computing performance per kilowatt Shift energy to cool / energy to operate ratio Extend the life of existing facilities Environmental Corporate social responsibility Lack public image Improve employee moral Meaningful energy conservation and reduced carbon footprint Improved public image Positive contribution to the Green movement creates a good place to work 27

28 Recommendations Get the facts on your data center energy use From an Facilities perspective Perform a Data Center Energy Efficiency Assessment to establish baseline and initial recommended improvements for tactical control From an IT perspective Implement an aggressive Server and Storage Consolidation and Virtualization for strategic impact 28

29 Thank You 29