Capturing Shape and Reflectance of Food
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2 Capturing Shape and Reflectance of Food C. Schwartz*, M. Weinmann*, R. Ruiters*, A. Zinke, R. Sarlette*, R. Klein* *University of Bonn / GfAR mbh
3 Goal Photorealistic 3D content Usable in arbitrary synthetic scenes Occlusion, shadowing and light transport Challenging: fresh foods People are experienced Small mistake implausible result Shape + reflectance Creation difficult and lengthy Even for expert 3D artists
4 Complex Appearance Sugarcoating (specularity) Custard (sub-surface scattering) Dough (fine geometry) Mixed materials
5 Modeling by Example Light transport from real-world objects Viewpoint and Illumination dependent Spatially varying
6 Looking at the Scale Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic
7 Looking at the Scale Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic
8 Looking at the Scale Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic
9 Looking at the Scale Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic 3D shape Explicit representation (polygon mesh) Resolved by human perception statistical insufficient explicit too costly Microfacets Statistical representation (BRDF)
10 Looking at the Scale Macroscopic Mesoscopic Microscopic 3D shape Explicit representation (polygon mesh) Polygons Resolved by human perception statistical insufficient explicit too costly Microfacets Statistical representation (BRDF) Bidirectional Texture Func.
11 Bidirectional Texture Function Surface
12 Previous Work Furukawa et al First time BTF on Geometry Photograph Rendering
13 Previous Work Holroyd et al Geometry + SVBRDF Model assumption 42 view and light directions in 5 hours Photograph Rendering
14 Previous Work Schwartz et al Geometry + BTF 22,801 view and light directions in 2 3 hours Photograph Rendering
15 Previous Work Method No object movement Dense Sampling Fast Acquisition time Quality Furukawa 2002 Holroyd 2010 Schwartz 2011
16 Acquisition pipeline Real Object Image Acquisition Structured Light HDR Images View/Light Dependent HDR Images Schwartz et al Geometry Reconstruction Weinmann et al Digitized Object BTF Resampling & Hole Filling Camera Calibration 3D Mesh
17 The Capture Setup Hemispherical gantry 151 cameras: Canon PowerShot G9 12 Megapixels Integrated flash Rapid acquisition 8 projectors: LG HS200G Completely computer controlled
18 Reflectance Measurement Light/view combinations: 151 flashes 151 cams HDR: 2 4 exposures 45k 90k images minutes Few flash discharges a few seconds under 100W tungsten lamp
19 Geometry Measurement Structured Light 8 projectors 42 patterns 151 cameras HDR: 2 3 exposures Ca. 100k - 150k images Ca. 60 minutes
20 Geometry Reconstruction From Structured Light: Weinmann et al V U
21 Appearance Reconstruction For every point: Measurement Tabulated ( ) Camera hemispheres BTF Tabulated ( ) In local orientation Local hemispheres
22 Appearance Reconstruction Gather samples Not measured Irregular Occlusion
23 Resampling & Holefilling From Schwartz et al. 2011: Scattered Data interpolation Clustering of surface materials Hole filling from clusters Captured data whenever possible
24 Datasets Geometry: Tri-Mesh 25k 40k vertices (50k 75k Δ) Fine details (mesoscopic) in BTF Appearance: BTF Spatial resolution Angular resolution Uncompressed: 326 GB Compressed: 1 GB 280MB Acquisition: minutes Resampling: 15 hours Compression: 5 hours V U
25 Pathtraced Novel Scene
26 Food specific considerations Food changes appearance! Acquisition: Cooling to 16 C Reflectance before shape Preparation: apple treated with lemon juice BTF handles parallax and shadows
27 Food specific considerations Food exhibits sub-surface scattering (SSS)! BTF includes local SSS in front facing hemisphere
28 Discussion Directed illumination fails to reproduce SSS Unrealistic results Environment illumination facilitates SSS from BTF Convincing results
29 Conclusion & Future Work Photorealistic 3D food content Image based approach Schwartz et al Rapid integrated acquisition Geometry + BTF + Environment lighting Promising results Future Work: Adding non-local SSS and translucency (eg. Grapes) Tracking changes
30 Acknowledgements The research leading to these results was partially funded by the European Community s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/ ) under grant agreement n ; , the German Science Foundation (DFG) under research grant KL 1142/4-1 and by GfaR mbh.
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