Practical Considerations of UAS Operations on Data Quality

Transcription

1 Practical Considerations of UAS Operations on Data Quality Precision. Accuracy. Reliability OVERVIEW Project Planning and Execution Ground Control Data Processing and Delivery 1

2 OVERVIEW Get Legal: Section 333 or Section 107, Insurance OVERVIEW Get Legal: Section 333 or Section 107, Insurance Get Equipment: Rotocopter or Fixed wing? PPK? RTK? Camera? LiDAR? 2

3 OVERVIEW Get Legal: Section 333 or Section 107, Insurance Get Equipment: Rotocopter or Fixed wing? PPK? RTK? Camera? LiDAR? Get Proficient: Takeoff and Land and Crash OVERVIEW Get Legal: Section 333 or Section 107, Insurance Get Equipment: Rotocopter or Fixed wing? PPK? RTK? Camera? LiDAR? Get Proficient: Takeoff and Land and Crash Get Tools: Plan, Control, Process 3

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5 ITS THE DATA, STUPID Most vendors focus on the promise of automation. ITS THE DATA, STUPID Most vendors focus on the promise of automation. 5

6 ITS THE DATA, STUPID THERE IS NO EASY BUTTON 6

7 Get Smart on Aviation Majority of suas pilots not from traditional aviation Might not be aware of rules/regulations to follow when flying May not have the requisite knowledge/training to operate safely Lack of aviation knowledge poses higher risk to safety Identify hazardous weather conditions Understand how to alert Air Traffic Control of awry operations Understand context of operations Have the ability to develop/execute comprehensive safety flight plans Get Smart on Remote Sensing Majority of suas pilots have no Mapping background Lack of operational understanding about error, processing, data Majority of suas pilots have no background in remote sensing Fundamentals of reflectance, distortion Basics sensor design and limitations Majority of suas pilots have no background in Photogrammetry Error propagation Error budgets Effects of roll, tilt, yaw Block bundle adjustment Aerial triangulation 7

8 Company Operations Manual Training Program Establish ground and flight training plan Acquire competence Company Systems Minimum Participatory Training Minimum Proficiency Training Initial and recurrent training plan Succession and expansion plan Manufacturer direct training Third party training Ground School, Flight Ops, Mapping Company Operations Manual Emergency Plan Contingency plan should be well thought out and detailed Relying on calling 911 does not cut it! Lost Link, Fly-away, Crash or damage Security/Safety Plan Control of site Maintenance checks Briefing and timing of activities Signage Risk Assessment Pre and Onsite Update 8

9 Company Operations Manual Safety Standards UAV must not be flown unless it has been maintained in accordance with COM or UAV Maintenance Manual Minimum Safety conditions for Flight Operations visibility, wind, precipitation 2person ops vs one person ops with additional safety measures in place. Written safety plan (use a template) for each job Company Operations Manual Flight Team Requirements Currency (when was the last mission) Proficiency (what is your skill level) Practice plans/exercises (where can you test) Same with post processing team* Distinguish between safety/procedural compliance and quality 1hr flying = 3-15 hrs processing images 9

10 Company Operations Manual Risk Assessment Platform control issues- equipment malfunction R/C Signal loss or Fly Away (Vertical and horizontal) Low Battery People, planned and unplanned (Rubber necking) Properties/Structures- on and adjacent to AOI Water, Wildlife, Weather Utilities Site access Cars TO&L Sites (Obstructions, access) Critical phases of flight ops Pre-Flight Planning Site Occupation Safety assessment, briefing, control Flight Operations Initial Data Quality checks Site Closure Pick up targets, petting zoo for observers Post Processing Deliverables 10

11 Lessons Learned Be wary of cloud based computing solutions No experience necessary! Automation works great except when it doesn t Flying Mapping Mapping has more pieces and parts to manage Flying: Safety is King Mapping: Quality is king Understand the end product first What is the application/type of mission It s the data, Stupid! Platform, Pilot, Training, Camera/Sensor Weather, Software, Maintenance, Safety 11

12 It s the data, Stupid! Platform, Pilot, Training, Camera/Sensor Weather, Software, Maintenance, Safety NO. ONE. CARES. 12

13 How cloud friendly Are you? Copyright 2017 Spatial Analytix, LLC 25 Full Stack or Integrate? Copyright 2017 Spatial Analytix, LLC 26 13

14 Flight Planning & Operations The BIG 3: Mission Type, GSD & Overlap 14

15 FLIGHT PLANNING 15

16 FLIGHT PLANNING Flight Lines to the edge of the AOI 16

17 FLIGHT PLANNING Flight Lines beyond the AOI FLIGHT PLANNING 17

18 FLIGHT PLANNING FLIGHT PLANNING 18

19 FLIGHT PLANNING FLIGHT PLANNING Control Points 19

20 FLIGHT PLANNING Check Points GCP Planning No matter how you fly, GCPs control the accuracy 5-10 points per site minimum, preferred Re-use existing known control when possible The GCP layout and the flight plan done together. Put GCPs in overlap areas and isolated areas GCP persistence-adapt your plan over time Augment in areas of low confidence or obscured Vegetation, curbs 20

21 GCP Planning Use an appropriate target Include KMZ/ASCII/Shape Need to be visible, recoverable, numbered. Be Practical! Photo. Scale Thickness of Leg (T) Length of Legs (L) 1: Inches(150mm) 3 Feet(0.9m) 1: Inches(150mm) 3 Feet(0.9m) 1: Inches(150mm) 4 Feet(1.2m) 1: Inches(150mm) 4 Feet(1.2m) 1: Inches(150mm) 5 Feet(1.5m) GCP Planning Precision Marking Copyright 2017 Spatial Analytix, LLC 42 21

22 Precise Positioning 22

23 Data Processing Data Processing 23

24 Data Processing Data Processing 24

25 THERE IS NO EASY BUTTON 25

26 Collect Process Deliver The Results: Are we done yet?.xyz Zipped OBJ GeoTIFF ASCII GRID.las Copyright 2017 Spatial Analytix, LLC 52 26

27 UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Imagery Orthos 3D Objects Video Point Cloud* Point Cloud* DSM Obliques DEM Planimetrics Analytics Typical Products & Formats Imagery :.TIF,.JPG Video :.MP4,.MOV Orthos :.TIF,.JPG 3D Objects :.OBJ Point Cloud :.LAS,.XYZ Point Cloud :.LAS DSM :.LAS,.TIF Obliques :.JPG DEM/DTM :.TIF Vector :.DXF,.SHP Copyright 2017 Spatial Analytix, LLC 54 27

28 UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Raw Images GPS Log Camera Orientation 28

29 UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Automated Processing QC Checks Flight Validation Raw Images GPS Log Camera Orientation UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 Automated Processing QC Checks Flight Validation Raw Images GPS Log Camera Orientation Ground Control Ortho- control RTK -in air 29

30 UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Automated Processing QC Checks Flight Validation Raw Images GPS Log Camera Orientation Level 3 Level 4 Mapping Products Ground Control Ortho- control RTK -in air UAV MAPPING OVERVIEW Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Automated Processing QC Checks Flight Validation Raw Images GPS Log Camera Orientation Level 3 Level 4 Mapping Products Analysis Products Ground Control Ortho- control RTK -in air 30

31 Level Level 0 Description Flight Operations Raw Data Level 1 Automated Processing (cloud based services) Level 2 Ground Controlled Level 3 Topographic Data Level 4 Analytics/Derivatives What Do you Get? GPS Log File Flight Line Log Outline of Area Geotag Imagery Image mosaic Point cloud Initial Surface Model (DSM) 3D Mesh Survey Grade Integrated control with known accuracy Point Cloud Classification Bare Earth Elevation models Surface Constraints/Breaklines DSM/DEM Data Quality Triangle Repeatability Precision Accuracy Stitching multiple Flights Manual Tie Points Quality Control Contours Planimetrics Volumes Change detection Habitat mapping Drainage Land Cover/Vegetation/Impervious Feature Extraction DATA QUALITY TRIANGLE Ensure data quality by adapting existing standards and best practices DATA QUALITY 31

32 PRECISION PRECISION 32

33 PRECISION ACCURACY 33

34 ACCURACY ACCURACY 34

35 ACCURACY REPEATABLITY 35

36 REPEATABLITY REPEATABLITY 36

37 WHAT YOU DON T WANT TO SEE 37

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42 PART 3- The Results Screen Shots of Tepper Quad Case Study WHAT YOU DO WANT TO SEE 42

43 Why does all this matter? Formal Accuracy Assessment So, how accurate is it? Tested to Produced to 43

44 DATA QUALITY TRIANGLE Ensure data quality by adapting existing standards and best practices DATA QUALITY 44

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