CS2259-MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY MANUAL

Transcription

1 CS2259-MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LABORATORY LABORATORY MANUAL FOR IV SEMESTER B.TECH / IT ACADEMIC YEAR: (FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION ONLY) ANNA UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI. NAME REG.NO BATCH : : : DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DR.NAVALAR NEDUNCHEZHIAYN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, THOLUDUR , CUDDALORE DIST. 1

2 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR LABORATORY CLASSES DO S o o o o o o o Without Prior permission do not enter into the Laboratory. While entering into the LAB students should wear their ID cards. The Students should come with proper uniform. Students should sign in the LOGIN REGISTER before entering into the laboratory. Students should come with observation and record note book to the laboratory. Students should maintain silence inside the laboratory. After completing the laboratory exercise, make sure to shutdown the system properly. DONT S o Students bringing the bags inside the laboratory.. o Students wearing slippers/shoes insides the laboratory. o Students using the computers in an improper way. o Students scribbling on the desk and mishandling the chairs. o Students using mobile phones inside the laboratory. o Students making noise inside the laboratory. 2

3 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: Microprocessor 8085,8086,8051 Kit UNIVERSITY PRACTICAL EXAMINATION ALLOTMENT OF MARKS INTERNAL ASSESMENT PRACTICAL ASSESMENT TOTAL : 20 MARKS : 80 MARKS : 100 MARKS INTERNAL ASSESMENT (20 MARKS) Staff should maintain the assessment and the head of the department should monitor it. SPLIT UP OF INTERNAL MARKS OBSERVATION : 3 MARKS RECORD NOTE MODEL EXAM ATTENDANCE TOTAL : 7 MARKS : 5 MARKS : 5 MARKS : 20 MARKS UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION The Exam will be conducted for 100 marks. Then the marks will be converted to 80 marks. ALLOCATION OF MARKS AIM AND RESULT ALGORITHM & FLOWCHART PROGRAM EXECUTION VIVA VOCE TOTAL : 10 MARKS : 20 MARKS : 30 MARKS : 30 MARKS : 10 MARKS : 100 MARKS 3

4 ANNAUNIVERSITY,CHENNAI CS2259-MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Programming with Programming with 8086-experiments including BIOS/DOS calls: Keyboard control, Display, File Manipulation. 3. Interfacing 8085/8086 with 8255, Interfacing 8085/8086 with 8279, Microcontroller based experiments for Control Applications 6. Mini- Project 4

5 CONTENTS Ex. No Name of the Experiment Page No. 1. Programs for 8-bit arithmetic operations using Programs for 16-bit arithmetic operations using Programs for sorting and searching operations using Programs for sorting and searching operations using Programs for string manipulation operations using Interfacing ADC and DAC Parallel communication between two microprocessor kits using Mode 1 and Mode2 of Interfacing and programming Programming using arithmetic, logical and bit manipulation instructions of 8051 microcontroller. Serial communication between two microprocessor kits using Interfacing and programming Interfacing and programming of stepper motor and DC motor speed control 72 Beyond the Syllabus 13 Arithmetic programs to find square and cube Program to find LCM of a given number

6 Experiment Number: 1 (a) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT ADDITION USING 8085 To perform addition operation for two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the first data from the memory to accumulator and move into B Register. 2 Load the second data from memory to accumulator. 3 Clear C register. Add the content of B register to accumulator. 4 Check for carry, if carry 1 go to step 1 else if carry 0 go to step 7. 5 Store the sum to memory. Move the carry to accumulator and store in memory. 6 Terminate the program A LDA 4200H Get first data in A MOV B,A Move A to B A LDA 4201H Get second data in A E 00 MVI C00H Clear C register to account for carry ADD B Get Sum in A reg 410A D2 0E 41 JNC AHEAD If CY=0 go to AHEAD 410D 0C INR C If CY=1 increment C reg 410E AHEAD STA 4202H Store the sum in memory MOV A,C Move C to A STA 4203H Store the carry in memory HLT Terminate the program INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA 4200 E E Thus the program for 8-bit addition was implemented and verified successfully. 6

7 Experiment Number: 1 (b) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT SUBTRACTION USING 8085 To perform subtraction operation for two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the subtrahend(data to be subtracted) from the memory to accumulator and move into B Register. 2 Load the minuend from memory to accumulator. 3 Clear C register to account for sign of the result. 4 Subtract the content of B register from the content of accumulator. 5 Check for carry, if carry 1 go to step 6 else if carry 0 go to step 7. 6 Increment C register, complement the accumulator and add 01H. 7 Store the difference to memory. 8 Move the content of C register to accumulator and store in memory 9 Terminate the program A LDA 4201H Get the subtrahend in B reg MOV B,A Move A to B A LDA 4200H Get the minuend in A reg E 00 MVI C00H Clear C register to account for sign SUB B Get Difference in A reg 410A D JNC AHEAD If CY=0 go to AHEAD 410D 0C INR C If CY=1 increment C reg 410E 2F CMA Get 2 s complement of difference 410F C6 01 ADI 10H Result in A reg AHEAD STA 4202H Store the sum in memory MOV A,C Move C to A STA 4203H Store the sign bit in memory HLT Terminate the program 7

8 INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA E A A Thus the program for 8-bit Subtraction was implemented and verified successfully. 8

9 Experiment Number: 1 (c) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION USING 8085 To perform multiplication operation for two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the address of the first data in HL pair. 2 Clear C register for overflow. 3 Clear the accumulator. 4 Move the first data to B register. 5 Increment the pointer. 6 Move the second data to D register. 7 Add the content of D register to accumulator. 8 Check for carry, If carry=1 go to step 9 else carry=0 go to step Increment the C register. 10 Decrement the B register. 11 Check whether count has reached zero. If ZF=0, repeat steps7 through 11 or of ZF=1 go to next step. 12 Terminate the program LXI 4200H Set pointer for data E 00 MVI C00H Clear C to account for overflow 4105 AF XRA A Clear accumulator MOV B,M Get first data in B reg INX H MOV D,M Get second data in D reg REPT ADD D Add D reg to accumulator 410A D2 0E 41 JNC AHEAD 410D 0C INR C If CY=1 increment C reg 9

10 410E 05 AHEAD DCR B 410F C JNC REPT Repeat addition until ZF= INX H MOV M,A Store lower byte of product in memory INX H MOV M,C Store higher byte of product in memory HLT Terminate the program INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA A Thus the program for 8-bit Multiplication was implemented and verified successfully. 10

11 Experiment Number: 1 (d) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT DIVISION USING 8085 To perform division operation for two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the divisor in accumulator and move it to B reg. 2 Load the dividend in accumulator. 3 Clear C-Register to account for quotient. 4 Check whether divisor is less than dividend. If divisor is less than dividend, go to step 8 otherwise go to next step. 5 Subtract the content of B reg from accumulator. 6 Increment the content of C reg, go to step 4. 7 Store the content of accumulator in memory. 8 Move the content of C reg to accumulator and store in memory. 9 Terminate the program A LDA 4201H MOV B,A Get the divisor in B reg A LDA 4200H Get the dividend in A reg E 00 MVI C00H Clear C reg for Quotient 4109 B8 AGAIN CMP B 410A DA JC STORE If divisor is less than dividend go to STORE 410D 90 SUB B Subtract divisor from dividend 410E 0C INR C Increment quotient by 1 for each subtraction 410F C JMP AGAIN STORE STA 4203H Store the remainder in memory MOV A,C STA 4202H Store the quotient in memory HLT 11

12 INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA 4200 C A Thus the program for 8-bit Division was implemented and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the timing diagram? The graphical representation of the instruction execution steps with respect to time is called timing diagram. 2. What are the interrupts signals in 8085? The interrupt signals in 8085 are TRAP, RST 7.5, RST 6.5,RST 5.5, INTR 3. What is an assembler? An assembler is a program that translates the mnemonics into their machine code. Additional instructions can be inserted anywhere in the program and the assembler will reassign all the new memory locations and jump locations. 4. Give the purpose of HLDA. HLDA Hold Acknowledge is used to indicate that the microprocessor will release control over its system buses. 5. What is instruction cycle? It is the time required to complete the execution of an instruction. The 8085 instruction cycle has one to six machine cycles. 6. What is interrupt? It is the process by which the external devices use microprocessor for servicing by suspending the routine process served previously. It is classified into Hardware and software interrupts. 7. What is microprocessor? It is a multipurpose, programmable, clock driven, register based electronic device that reads the binary instruction from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as input, process the data according to the instruction and provides the result. 12

13 Experiment Number: 2 (a) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT ADDITION USING 8085 To perform addition operation for two 16-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the first data in HL register pair. 2 Move the first data to DE reg pair. 3 Load the second data in HL reg pair. 4 Clear A reg for carry. 5 Add the content of DE pair to HL pair. 6 Check for carry. If CARRY=1, go to step 7 or if CARRY=0, go to step 8. 7 Increment A reg to account for carry. 8 Store the sum and carry in memory. 9 Terminate the program A LHLD 4200H Get first data in HL pair 4103 EB XCHG Save first data in DE pair A LHLD 4202H Get second data in HL pair 4107 AE XRA A Clear A reg for carry DAD D Get the sum in HLpair 4109 D2 0D 41 JNC AHEAD If CY=0, goto AHEAD 410C 3C INR A If CY=1, increament A reg 410D AHEAD SHLD 4202H Store the sum in memory STA 4206H Store the carry in memory HLT Terminate the program. 13

14 INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA E C C A Thus the program for 16-bit Addition was implemented and verified successfully. 14

15 Experiment Number: 2 (b) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT SUBTRACTION USING 8085 To perform Subtraction operation for two 16-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the low byte of subtrahend in accumulator from memory and move it to the B reg. 2 Load the low byte of minuend in accumulator from memory. 3 Subtract the content of B reg from the content of Accumulator. 4 Store the low byte of result in memory. 5 Load the high byte of subtrahend in accumulator from memory and move it to B reg. 6 Load the high byte of minuend in accumulator from memory. 7 Subtract the content of B reg and the carry from the content of Accumulator. 8 Store the high byte of result in memory. 9 Terminate the program A LDA 4202H MOV B,A Get low byte of subtrahend in B reg A LDA 4200H Get low byte of minuend in A reg SUB B Get difference of low bytes in A reg STA 4204H Store the result in memory 410B 3A LDA 4203H 410E 47 MOV B,A Get high byte of subtrahend in B reg 410F 3A LDA 4201H Get high byte of minuend in A reg SBB B Get difference of high bytes in A reg STA 4205H Store the result in memory HLT Terminate the program. 15

16 INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA 4200 Ab F 4201 B c Thus the program for 16-bit Subtraction was implemented and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the use of instruction queue in 8086? The queue operates on the principle FIFO. So the execution unit gets the instruction for execution in the order they are fetched. Hence instruction queue is required. 2. What is the addressing mode of the following instruction? MOV AX,55H(BX)(SI) Base indexed memory addressing mode. 3. How clock signal is generated in 8086? The crystal oscillator in 8284 generates a square wave signal at the same frequency as the crystal. 4. What is the maximum internal clock frequency of 8086? The maximum internal clock frequency of 8086 is 5MHZ 5. What is the size of physical memory of 8086 microprocessor? Size of physical memory = 2 20 = 1MB 6. What is the size of virtual memory of 8086 microprocessor? Size of virtual memory = 2 16 = 64 kb 16

17 Experiment Number: 2 (c) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT MULTIPLICATION USING 8085 To perform multiplication operation for two 16-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the first data in HL register pair and move to SP. 2 Load the second data in HL register pair and move to DE. 3 Clear HL pair. 4 Clear BC pair for overflow. 5 Add the content of SP pair to HL pair. 6 Check for carry. If CARRY=1, go to step 7 or if CARRY=0, go to step 8. 7 Increment BC pair. 8 Decrement the count. 9 Check whether count has reached zero. 10 To check for zero of the count, move the content of E reg to A reg and logically or with D reg. 11 Check the zero flag if ZF=0 repeat step 5 through 11 or if ZF=1 goto next step. 12 Store the content of HL in memory. 13 Move the content of C to L and B to H and store HL in memory. 14 Terminate the program A LHLD 4200H Get first data in HL pair 4103 F9 SPHL Save first data in SP pair A LHLD 4202H Get second data in HL pair 4107 EB XCHG Save Second data in DE pair LXIH 0000H Clear HLpair(initial sum=0) 410B LXIB 0000H Clear BC pair to account overflow 410E 39 NEXT DAD SP Add the content of SP to sum(hl) 17

18 410F JNC AHEAD INX B If CY=1,increment BC pair B AHEAD DCX D B MOV A,E Check for zero in DE pair this is done logically B2 ORA D OR D and E 4116 C2 0E 41 JNZ NEXT Repeat addition until count is zero SHLD 4204H Store lower 16 bit of product in memory 411C 69 MOV L,C 411D 60 MOV H,B 411E SHLD 4206H Store upper 16 bit of product in memory HLT Terminate the program. INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA A B 4202 C Thus the program for 16-bit Multiplication was implemented and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is pipelining? The feature of fetching the next instruction while the current instruction is executing is called pipelining. 2. How many Data lines and address lines are available in 8086? Address lines = 20 or 20 bit address bus Data lines = 16 or 16 bit data bus 18

19 Experiment Number: 3 (a) Title of the experiment : ASCENDING ORDER USING 8085 To write an assembly language program to sort an array of data in ascending order Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the count value from memory to A register and save it in B register. 2 Decrement B register. Set HL pair as data array address pointer. 3 Set C register as counter for N-1 comparison. 4 Load the data of the array in accumulator using the data address pointer. 5 Increment the HL pair. Compare the data pointed by HL with accumulator. 6 If carry flag is set then goto step 10 else goto next step 7 Exchange the content of memory pointed by HL and accumulator. 8 Decrement C reg. If zero flag is reset goto step 6 else goto next step. 9 Decrement B reg. If zero flag is reset goto step 3 else goto next step. 10 Terminate the program A LDA 4200H load the count value in A reg MOV B,A Set count for N-1 repetition DCR B LOOP2 LXIH 4200H Set pointer for array E MOV C,M Set count for N-1 comparison D DCR C 410A 23 INX H Increment pointer 410B 7E LOOP1 MOV A,M Get one data of array in A 410C 23 INX H 410D BE CMP M Compare next data with A reg 410E DA JC AHEAD If content of A is less than memory then goto AHEAD MOV D,M If the content A is greater than the content 19

20 of memory, then exchange content of memory pointed by HL and previous location MOV M,A B DCX H MOV M,D INX H D AHEAD DCR C 4117 C2 0B 41 JNZ LOOP1 Repeat comparison until count is zero 411A 05 DCR B 411B C JNZ LOOP2 Repeat N-1 comparison until B count is zero. 411E 76 HLT Terminate the program. INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA AB F F F AB F2 Thus the program for ascending order was implemented and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is sorting? Arranging the items either from smallest to largest or from largest to smallest is called sorting. 2. What is a bus? Bus is a group of conducting lines that carries data, address and control signals. 3. Why data bus is bi-directional? The microprocessor has to fetch (read) the data from memory or input device for processing and after processing, it has to store (write) the data to memory or output device. Hence the data bus is bi- Directional. 20

21 Experiment Number: 3 (b) Title of the experiment : Descending Order using 8085 To write an assembly language program to sort an array of data in descending order Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the count value from memory to A register and save it in B register. 2 Decrement B register. Set HL pair as data array address pointer. 3 Set C register as counter for N-1 comparison. 4 Load the data of the array in accumulator using the data address pointer. 5 Increment the HL pair. Compare the data pointed by HL with accumulator. 6 If carry flag is reset then goto step 10 else goto next step 7 Exchange the content of memory pointed by HL and accumulator. 8 Decrement C reg. If zero flag is reset goto step 6 else goto next step. 9 Decrement B reg. If zero flag is reset goto step 3 else goto next step. 10 Terminate the program A LDA 4200H load the count value in A reg MOV B,A Set count for N-1 repetition DCR B LOOP2 LXIH 4200H Set pointer for array E MOV C,M Set count for N-1 comparison D DCR C 410A 23 INX H Increment pointer 410B 7E LOOP1 MOV A,M Get one data of array in A 410C 23 INX H 410D BE CMP M Compare next data with A reg 410E D JC AHEAD If content of A is greater than memory then goto AHEAD MOV D,M If the content A is less than the content of memory, then exchange content of memory pointed by HL and previous location 21

22 MOV M,A B DCX H MOV M,A INX H D AHEAD DCR C 4117 C2 0B 41 JNZ LOOP1 Repeat comparison until count is zero 411A 05 DCR B 411B C JNZ LOOP2 Repeat N-1 comparison until B count is zero. 411E 76 HLT Terminate the program. INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA C F E A 4203 C B 4204 B E A 4206 F B Thus the program for descending order was implemented and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is opcode fetch cycle? The opcode fetch cycle is a machine cycle executed to fetch the opcode of an instruction stored in memory. Every instruction starts with opcode fetch machine cycle. 2. What is asynchronous data transfer scheme? In asynchronous data transfer scheme, first the processor sends a request to the device for read/write operation. Then the processor keeps on polling the status of the device. Once the device is ready, the processor execute a data transfer instruction to complete the process. 3. What is the need for timing diagram? The timing diagram provides information regarding the status of various signals, when a machine cycle is executed. The knowledge of timing diagram is essential for system designer to select matched peripheral devices like memories, latches, ports, etc., to form a microprocessor system. 22

23 Experiment Number: 4 (a) Title of the experiment : Searching - Largest Data To search the largest data in an array using 8085 microprocessor Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the address first element of array in HL reg pair. 2 Move the count of B reg. 3 Increment the pointer. 4 Get the first data in A reg. 5 Decrement the count. 6 Increment the pointer. 7 Compare the counter of memory address by HL pair carry=0, goto step 10 else to step 9 with that of A move the content of HL to A reg. 8 Decrement the count. 9 If ZF=0, goto step 6 or if ZF=1 goto next step. 10 Goto large data. 11 Terminate the program LXIH 4200H Set Pointer for array MOV B,M Set count for no of element in array INX H E MOV A,M Set first element of array as large data DCR B Decrement the count LOOP INX H 4108 BE CMP M Compare an element of array with current largest data JNC AHEAD If CY=0, goto AHEAD 410C 7E MOV A,M If CY=1, then content of memory is larger than accumulator. Hence If CY=1, make 23

24 memory content as current largest by moving it to A reg 410D 05 AHEAD DCR B 410E C JNZ LOOP Repeat comparison until count is zero STA 4300H Store the large data in memory HLT Terminate the program INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA D 4203 FC FC 4205 C F Thus the program to find the largest data in an array is constructed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is assembly language? The language in which the mnemonics (short -hand form of instructions) are used to write a program is called assembly language. The manufacturers of microprocessor give the nemonics. 2. What does the instruction LXIH,4200 mean? The data present in the address location 4200 is loaded into the H register. 3. How many machine cycles constitute one instruction cycle in 8085? Each instruction of the 8085 processor consists of one to five machine cycles. 4. What is the drawback in machine language and assembly language programs? The machine language and assembly language programs are machine dependent. The programs developed using these languages for a particular machine cannot be directly run on another machine. 24

25 Experiment Number: 4 (b) Title of the experiment : SEARCHING - SMALLEST DATA To search the smallest data in an array using 8085 microprocessor Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the address first element of array in HL reg pair. 2 Move the count of B reg. 3 Increment the pointer. 4 Get the first data in A reg. 5 Decrement the count. 6 Increment the pointer. 7 Compare the content of HL pair with A reg, If CY=1, goto step 10 elseto step 9 8 Move the content of memory address by HL to A reg. 9 Decrement the count. 10 If ZF=0, goto step 6 or if ZF=1 goto next step. 11 Store the smallest data in memory. 12 Terminate the program LXIH 4200H Set Pointer for array MOV B,M Set count for no of element in array INX H E MOV A,M Set first element of array as smallest data DCR B Decrement the count LOOP INX H 4108 BE CMP M Compare an element of array with current smallest data 4109 DA 0D 41 JC AHEAD If CY=1, goto AHEAD 25

26 410C 7E MOV A,M If CY=0, then content of memory is smaller than accumulator. Hence If CY=0, make memory content as current smallest by moving it to A reg 410D 05 AHEAD DCR B 410E C JNZ LOOP Repeat comparison until count is zero STA 4300H Store the small data in memory HLT Terminate the program INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA A C C 4205 B F Thus the program to find the smallest data in an array is constructed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is searching? Locating the particular data from the collection or sequence of data is called searching. 2. What does the instruction MOV A,M represent? The data present in the content of the memory location are moved to the accumulator. 3. Why address bus is unidirectional? The address is an identification number used by the microprocessor to identify or access a memory location or I / O device. It is an output signal from the processor. Hence the address bus is unidirectional. 26

27 Experiment Number: 5 (a) Title of the experiment : CONVERSION OF 2-DIGIT BCD TO BINARY NUMBER data. To write an assembly language program to convert a 2-digit BCD(8-bit) data to Binary Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Get the BCD data in A reg and save in E reg. 2 Mark the lowest nibble (units) of the BCD data in A reg. 3 Rotate the upper nibble to lower nibble position and save in B reg. 4 Clear the accumulator. 5 Move 0AH to C reg. 6 Decrement C reg. If ZF=0,gato step 6 else ZF=1, goto next step. 7 Save the product in B reg. 8 Get the BCD data in A reg from E reg and mark the upper nibble. 9 Add the content of A reg to product (B reg). 10 Store the binary value(a reg). 11 Terminate the program A LDA 4200H Get the data in D reg and save in E reg F MOV E,A 4104 E6 F0 ANI F0H Mark the lower nibble RLC Rotate the upper nibble to lower nibble and save in B reg RLC RLC RLC 410A 47 MOV B,A 410B AF XRA A Clear accumulator 410C 0E 0A REP MVIC 0AH Get the product terms digit multiplied 27

28 410E 80 ADD B 410F 00 DCR C 4110 C2 0E 41 JNZ REP MOV B,A Save the product in B reg B MOV B,E Get the BCD data in A reg 4115 E6 0F ANI 0FH Mask the upper nibble ADD B Get the sum of contents digit and the product in B reg STA 4250H Save the Binary value in memory 411B 76 HLT Terminate the program INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA D Thus the program for BCD to Binary Conversion using 8085 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the abbreviation of ASCII. ASCII American Code For Information Interchange. 2. What is Software? The Software is a set of instructions or commands needed for performing a specific task by a programmable device or a computing machine. 28

29 Experiment Number: 5 (b) Title of the experiment : CONVERSION OF 8-BIT BINARY NUMBER TO BCD To write an assembly language program to convert a 8-bit Binary number to BCD Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Clear D and E reg to account for hundreds and tens. 2 Load the binary data in A reg. 3 Compare A reg with 64 th if carry flag is set goto step 7 else goto next step. 4 Subtract 64 th from A reg. 5 Increment E reg(hundreds) goto step 3 6 Compare the A reg with 0AH if carry flag is set goto step 1 else goto next step. 7 Subtract 0AH from A reg. 8 Increment D reg(tens) goto step 7. 9 Combine the terms to form 8 bit result. 10 Save the tens and hundred in memory. 11 Terminate the program E 00 MVI E,00H Clear E reg for hundreds MOV D,E Clear D reg for tens A LDA 4200H Get the binary data in A reg 4106 FE 64 HUND CPI 64H Compare whether data is less than 100(or)64H 4108 DA JC TEN If the content of A is less than 100(or)64H go to ten 410B SUI 64H Subtract all the hundreds from the data and for each subtraction increment E reg 410D 1C INR E 410E C JMP HUND Compare whether the content of A is less than 0AH or 10 29

30 4111 FE 0A TEN CPI 0AH 4113 DA 1C 41 JC UNIT If CY=1, go to UNIT 4116 D6 0A SUI 0AH Subtract all tens from the data and for each subtraction increment D reg 4119 C JMP TEN 411C 4F UNIT MOV C,A Save the units in C reg 411D 7A MOV A,D Get tens in A reg 411E 07 RLC Rotate tens digit to upper nibble position 411F 07 RLC RLC RLC ADD C Combine tens and unit digit STA 4250H Save tens and units in memory B MOV A,E STA 4251H Save hundreds in memory 412A 76 HLT Terminate the program. INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA 4200 B Thus the program for Binary to BCD Conversion using 8085 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is Hardware? The Hardware refers to the components or devices used to form computing machine in which the software can be run and tested. Without software the Hardware is an idle machine. 2. What does the instruction STA 4502 refer? The value of the accumulator is stored in memory location

31 Experiment Number: 5 (c) Title of the experiment: CONVERSION OF 8-BIT BINARY NUMBER TO ASCII CODE Date of the experiment: To write an assembly language program to convert a 8-bit Binary number to ASCII Code Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Load the given data in A reg and move to B reg. 2 Mark the upper nibble of binary (Hexa) data in A reg. 3 Call subroutine code to get ASCII code of the lower nibble and store in memory. 4 Move B reg to A reg and mark the lower nibble. 5 Rotate the upper nibble position. 6 Call subroutine code to get the ASCII code of upper nibble and store in memory. 7 Terminate the program. For Subroutine: 1 Compare the content of A reg with 0AH. 2 If CY=1 goto step 4, If CY=0 goto next step. 3 Add 07H to A reg. 4 Add 30H to A reg. 5 Return to main program A LDA 4200H Get binary data in A MOV B,A Save the binary data in B reg 4104 E6 0F ANI 0FH Mask the upper nibble 4106 CD 1A 41 CALL CODE Call subroutine to get ASCII code STA 4201H Lower nibble in A and store in memory 410C 78 MOV A,B Get data in A reg 410D E6 F0 ANI F0H Mark the lower nibble 410F 07 RLC rotate upper nibble to lower nibble position RLC 31

32 RLC RLC 4113 CD 1A 41 CALL CODE Call subroutine to get ASCII code STA 4202H Upper nibble in A store in memory HLT 411A FF 0A CODE CPI 0AH If the content of A is less than 0AH then add 30H to A else add 37H to A reg 411C 0A JC SKIP 411F C6 07 ADI 07H 4121 C6 30 SKIP ADI 30H 4123 C9 RET Return to main program. INPUT OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA 4200 E Thus the program for ASCII code to Binary value Conversion using 8085 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the function of microprocessor in a system? The microprocessor is the master in the system, which controls all the activity of the system. It issues address and control signals and fetches the instruction and data from memory. Then it executes the instruction to take appropriate action. 2. Define opcode and operand. Opcode (Operation code) is the part of an instruction / directive that identifies a specific peration. 32

33 Experiment Number: 5 (d) Title of the experiment : CONVERSION OF ASCII CODE TO BINARY VALUE To write an assembly language program to convert an array of ASCII Code to corresponding binary(hexa) value Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Set HL pair as pointer for ASCII array. 2 Set D reg as counter for number of data in the array. 3 Set BC pair as pointer for binary(hexa) array. 4 Increment HL pair and move a data of ASCII array A reg. 5 Call subroutine BIN to find the binary (hexa) value. 6 The binary(hexa) value in A reg is stored in memory. 7 Increment BC pair. 8 Decrement D reg if ZF=0 then goto step 4, If ZF=1 then stop. 9 Terminate the program. For Subroutine: 1 Subtract 30H from A reg. 2 Compare the content of A reg with 0AH. 3 If CY=1 goto step 4, If CY=0 goto next step. 4 Subtract 07H from A reg. 5 Return to main program LXI H,4200H Set pointer for ASCII array MOV D,M Set cont for number of data LXI B,4300H Set pointer for binary array LOOP INX H E MOV A,M Get an ASCII data in A reg 4109 C CALL BIN Call subroutine to get binary 410C 02 STAX B Value in A and store in memory 33

34 410D 03 INX B Increment the binary array pointer 410E 15 DCR D 410F C JNZ LOOP Repeat conversion until count is zero HLT Terminate the program BIN SUI 30H Subtract 30H from the data 4115 FF 0A CPI 0AH RC If Y=1 return to main program SUI 07H If data is greater than H then subtract 07H 411A C9 RET Return to main program. ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA B F C Thus the program for Binary to ASCII code Conversion using 8085 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What are the register pairs in 8085? The register pair in 8085 microprocessor are BC, DE and HL register pair. 34

35 Experiment Number: 6 (a) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT ADDITION USING 8086 To write an assembly language program to add two 16-bit numbers using 8086 and store the result in memory Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Data are brought to 16 bit register. 2 The contents of the register are added and store the carry and sum. 3 Data are added in accumulator. Add data from 1100 to Result will be stored in address data Terminate the program A1 MOV AX[1100] Initialize AX reg ADD AX[1102] Add the content of AX reg A3 MOV [1200],AX Store the result in 1200 to accumulator A F4 HLT Terminate the program. ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA AC Thus the program for 16-bit addition using 8086 was executed and verified successfully. 35

36 Experiment Number: 6 (b) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT SUBTRACTION USING 8086 To write an assembly language program to subtract two 16-bit numbers using 8086 and store the result in memory Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Data are brought to 16 bit register. Initialize the address register. 2 Data are added in accumulator. Subtract data from 1100 & Result will be stored in address Terminate the program A1 MOV AX[1100] Initialize AX reg Move the data to the A reg B SUB AX[1102] Subtract the data A3 MOV [1200],AX Store the result in 1200 to accumulator A F4 HLT Terminate the program. ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA C 1201 FD Thus the program for 16-bit subtraction using 8086 was executed and verified successfully. 36

37 Experiment Number: 6 (c) Title of the experiment : 16 BIT MULTIPLICATION USING 8086 To write an assembly language program to multiply two 16-bit numbers using 8086 and store the result in memory Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Data are brought to 16 bit register. 2 Initialize the address register. 3 The value of AX reg is moved since it is the highest order. 4 Multiply the value of address data. 5 Result will be stored in address Terminate the program A1 MOV AX[1100] Move the data to accumulator MUL [1102] Use multiply instruction multiply the data 1003 F MOV [1200],DX Move the content of DX to location A 12 MOV[1202],AX 100B A3 100C D E F4 HLT Terminate the program. 37

38 ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA A B 1102 C A Thus the program for 16-bit multiplication using 8086 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the data and address size in 8086? The 8086 can operate on either 8-bit or 16-bit data. The 8086 uses 20 bit address to access memory and 16-bit address to access 1/0 devices. 2. What are the function of M/IO in The signal M/IO is used to differentiate memory address and 1/0 address When the processor is accessing memory locations MI 10 is asserted high and when it is accessing 1/0 mapped devices it is asserted low. 3. What are the interrupts of 8086? The interrupts of 8085 are INTR and NMI. The INTR is general maskable interrupt and NMI is non-maskable interrupt. 4. List the segment registers of The segment registers of 8086 are Code segment, Data segment, Stack segment and Extra segment registers. 5. Define T-State. T-State is defined as one subdivision of the operation performed in one clock period. These subdivisions are internal states synchronized with the system clock, and each T-State is precisely equal to one clock period. 38

39 Experiment Number: 7 (a) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT ADDITION USING 8051 To write an assembly language program to add two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 C reg is to be cleared for carry. 2 Get the data immediately. 3 Add the two data. 4 Store the result in the memory pointer. 5 Terminate the program MOV A,#Data1 Move data1 to A reg ADD A,#Data2 Add data2 and A reg content MOV DPTR,#4500 Move the data in address to data pointer 4107 F0 DPTR,A Move A reg to data pointer FE HERE SJMP HERE Jump on HERE ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA Thus the program for 8-bit addition using 8051 was executed and verified successfully. 39

40 Experiment Number: 7 (b) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT SUBTRACTION USING 8051 To write an assembly language program to subtract two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 C reg is to be cleared for carry. 2 Get the data immediately. 3 Subtract the two data. 4 Store the result in the memory pointer. 5 Terminate the program MOV A,#Data1 Move data1 to A reg SUBB A,#Data2 Subtract data2 and A reg content MOV DPTR,#4500 Move the data in address to data pointer 4107 F0 DPTR,A Move A reg to data pointer FE HERE SJMP HERE Jump on HERE ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA Thus the program for 8-bit subtraction using 8051 was executed and verified successfully. 40

41 Experiment Number: 7 (c) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT MULTIPLICATION USING 8051 To write an assembly language program to multiplication two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Get the data in A reg. Get the value to be multiplied in D reg. 2 Multiply the data. The high and low nibble of result is atored in A & B reg. 3 Terminate the program A MOV A,#0A Data is moved to A reg F0 88 MOV B,#88 Data is moved to B erg 4105 A4 MUL A,B Multiply data in A,B MOV DPTR,#4000 Initialize memory pointer 4109 F0 Move A reg content to immediate DPTR 410A A3 INC DPTR Increment DPTR 410B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move B reg contents to A reg 410D F0 Move A reg content to memory pointer 410E 80 FE HERE SJMP HERE Loop is terminated ASCII ARRAY - INPUT BINARY (HEXA) ARRAY - OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA A (LSB) (MSB) Thus the program for 8-bit multiplication using 8051 was executed and verified successfully. 41

42 Experiment Number: 7 (d) Title of the experiment : 8 BIT DIVISION USING 8086 To write an assembly language program to division two 8-bit numbers using Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Get the data in A reg. 2 Get the value to be divided in B reg. 3 Divide the data. 4 The Quotient is in A reg and remainder is in B reg. 5 Terminate the program MOV A,#08 Data is moved to A reg MOV B,#04 Data is moved to B erg DIV A,B Divide data in A&B MOV DPTR,#4000 Initialize memory pointer 4109 F0 Move A reg content to immediate DPTR 410A A3 INC DPTR Increment DPTR 410B E5 F0 MOV A,B Move B reg contents to A reg 410D F0 Move A reg content to memory pointer 410E 80 FE HERE SJMP HERE Loop is terminated 42

43 ASCII Array INPUT Binary (Hexa) Array OUTPUT ADDRESS DATA ADDRESS DATA Thus the program for 8-bit division using 8051 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is mean by microcontroller? A device which contains the microprocessor with integrated peripherals like memory, serial ports, parallel ports, timer/counter, interrupt controller, data acquisition interfaces like ADC,DAC is called microcontroller. 2..Explain the operating mode0 of 8051 serial ports? In this mode serial enters &exits through RXD, TXD outputs the shift clock.8 bits are transmitted/received:8 data bits(lsb first).the baudrate is fixed at 1/12 the oscillator frequency. 3. Explain the interrupts of 8051 microcontroller? The interrupts are: Vector address External interrupt 0 : IE0 : 0003H Timer interrupt 0 : TF0 : 000BH External interrupt 1 : IE1 : 0013H Timer Interrupt 1 : TF1 : 001BH Serial Interrupt Receive interrupt : RI : 0023H Transmit interrupt: TI : 0023H 4. Write a program to find the 2 s complement using 8051? MOV A,R0 CPL A INC A 5. List the addressing modes of 8051? Direct addressing Register addressing Register indirect addressing. Implicit addressing Immediate addressing Index addressing Bit addressing 6. Write about CALL statement in 8051? There are two subroutine CALL instructions. They are *LCALL(Long CALL) *ACALL(Absolute CALL) Each increments the PC to the 1st byte of the instruction & pushes them in to the stack. 43

44 Experiment Number: 8 Title of the experiment : KEYBOARD AND DISPLAY INTERFACING USING 8279 To write an assembly language program to display the rolling message HELP US in the display Microprocessor Kit Interface 1 3 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Start the program execution. 2 Initialize the pointer for array. 3 Initialize the counter for P register. 4 Set mode and clear display and increment display counter. 5 The input data given is displayed. 6 The data is moved to the memory. 7 Terminate the program C 41 START LXI H,Pointer Set pointer 412CH F MVI D,0FH Initialize counter E 10 MVI A,10H 4107 D3 C2 OUT CNT Set mode and display E CC MVI A,CCH Clear display 410B D3 C2 OUT CNT 410D 3E 90 MVI A,90H Write display 410E D3 C2 OUT CNT E LOOP MOV A,M 4112 D3 C0 OUT DAT 4114 CD 1F 41 CALL DELAY INX H Increment the pointer DCR D Decrement the counter 4119 C JNZ LOOP Jump if non zero 44

45 411C C JMP START Display the next character 411F 06 A0 DELAY MVI B,0A0H E FF LOOP1 MVI C,0FFH D LOOP2 DCR C 4124 C JNZ LOOP DCR B 4128 C JNZ LOOP1 412B C9 RET 412C FF FF FF FF 4130 FF FF FF FF C 29 FF FF HELP US Thus the program for 8279 keyboard interfacing was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. How a keyboard matrix is formed in keyboard interface using 8279? The return lines, RLo to RL7 of 8279 are used to form the columns of keyboard matrix. In decoded scan the scan lines SLo to SL3 of 8279 are used to form the rows of keyboard matrix. In encoded scan mode, the output lines of external decoder are used as rows of keyboard matrix. 2. What is scanning in keyboard and what is scan time? The process of sending a zero to each row of a keyboard matrix and reading the columns for key actuation is called scanning. The scan time is the time taken by the processor to scan all the rows one by one starting from first row and coming back to the first row again. 3. What are the tasks involved in keyboard interface? The task involved in keyboard interfacing are sensing a key actuation, Debouncing the key and Generating key codes (Decoding the key).these task are performed software if the keyboard is interfaced through ports and they are performed by hardware if the keyboard is interfaced through What is a programmable peripheral device? If the functions performed by a peripheral device can be altered or changed by a program instruction then the peripheral device is called programmable device. Usually the programmable devices will have control registers. The device can be programmed by sending control word in the prescribed format to the control register. 5. What is synchronous data transfer scheme? For synchronous data transfer scheme, the processor does not check the readiness of the device after a command have been issued for read/write operation. fu this scheme the processor will request the device to get ready and then read/w1.ite to the device immediately after the request. In some synchronous schemes a small delay is allowed after the request. 6. What is opcode fetch cycle? The opcode fetch cycle is a machine cycle executed to fetch the opcode of an instruction stored in memory. Every instruction starts with opcode fetch machine cycle. 7. What is assembly language? The language in which the mnemonics (short -hand form of instructions) are used to write a program is called assembly language. The manufacturers of microprocessor give the nemonics. 45

46 Experiment Number: 9(a) Title of the experiment : 8255 INTERFACING USING MODE 0 To initialize port A as the input port A and port B as input in mode 0 to input the data at port A as set by input switches and the output of some data to glow the LED automatically Microprocessor Kit Interface 1 3 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Start the program execution. Initialize the data A as input. 2 Input the data at port A. Output the data at port B. 3 Terminate the program E 90 MVI A,90 Initialize port A as I/P and Port B as output port D3 C6 OUT C DB C0 IN CO Read port A 4106 D3 C2 OUT C2 Output the data at port B HLT Terminate the program. INPUT Port A OUTPUT Port B Thus the interfacing 8255 using Mode 0 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is conversion time? The time required for conversion of analog signal into its digital equivalent is called conversion time. 46

47 Experiment Number: 9(b) Title of the experiment : 8255 INTERFACING USING MODE 1 To initialize port A as the input port C and output port B in mode 1 to input the data at port A as sort by SPDT switches and output data in process Microprocessor Kit Interface 1 3 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Start the program execution. Initialize the data A as input. 2 Input the data at port A. Output the data at processor. 3 Terminate the program E 90 MVI A,90 Initialize port A as I/P D3 C6 OUT C DB C0 IN CO Read port A OUT C2 Output the data at HLT Terminate the program. INPUT OUTPUT Port A DISPLAY Thus the interfacing 8255 using Mode 1 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What is the necessacity of the programmable interval timer? It is necessary to generate accurate time delats in a micro computer system. Counters and be programmed in 6 different modes for varions applicaions. 2. What is resolution? The ratio of the change in output voltage resulting from a change of one LSB at the digital input is called resolution. 47

48 Experiment Number: 9(c) Title of the experiment : 8255 INTERFACING USING MODE 2 To initialize the processor as input and port as output port and output the data at port C Microprocessor Kit Interface 1 3 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Start the program execution. 2 Initialize the input through processor. 3 Input the data and processor. 4 Output the data at port C. 5 Terminate the program E 90 MVI A,90 Initialize port A as output D3 C6 OUT C6 Out the value of C E 06 MVI A,01 Set the output C0 bits as port D3 C4 OUT C4 Output the value of C HLT Terminate the program A B Port C Thus the interfacing 8255 using Mode 2 was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. What are the internal devices of 8255? The internal devices of 8255 are port-a, port-b and port-c. The ports can be programmed for either input or output function in different operating modes. 2. Name the modes available in 8255 A control word format. a. BSR mode b.i/o mode mode 0, mode 1, mode 2 48

49 Experiment Number: 10 Title of the experiment : ADC INTERFACING To initialize the analog to digital conversion process by means of software and to execute the program which converts the analog input at channel and displays the output through the LED Microprocessor Kit 1 2 DC Power Supply 5V 1 1 Move immediately the value of accumulator output. 2 Move immediately as another value of accumulator. 3 EX-OR the value for 3 times. 4 Initialize A reg as Get the output at Terminate the program E 10 START MVI A,10 Select channel 0 and make ALE low D3 C8 OUT 0C8H E 18 MVI A,18 Make ALE high D3 C8 OUT 0C8H 4108 CE 01 MVI A,01 Soc signal high 410A D3 D0 OUT 0D0H 410C AF XRA A Delay 410D AF XRA A 410E AF XRA A 410F 3E 00 MVI A,00 Soc signal low 4111 D3 D0 OUT 000H HLT Terminate the program. 49

50 Analog Voltage Digital Voltage Digital Data 0V V V A 2.17V F 2.68V V B 4.09V C7 4.66V FF Thus the ADC interfacing program was executed and verified successfully. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS: 1. Name any two types of ADC. a. Dual slope ADC b. Flash type ADC 2. Which is the fastest ADC and why? Flash type ADC is the fastest of all ADCs. Flash ADC has parallel comparator and the conversion speed is accomplished by providing 2 n -1. Comparators and simultaneously comparing the input signal with unique reference levels spaced one LSB apart. 3. What is ADC? ADC Analog to digital converter. 4. Write about the jump statement? There are three forms of jump. They are LJMP(Long jump)-address 16 AJMP(Absolute Jump)- address 11 SJMP(Short Jump)-relative address 5. Define machine cycle. Machine cycle is defined as the time required to complete one operation of accessing memory, I/O, or acknowledging an external request. This cycle may consist of three to six T-states. 50