MARCH ISSN: INTERNATIONALJOURNALFORENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONSAND TECHNOLOGY GPS ENABLED EMERGENT TRACING AND NEAREST FACILITY AVAILANCE SYSTEM

Transcription

1 IJFEAT INTERNATIONALJOURNALFORENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONSAND TECHNOLOGY GPS ENABLED EMERGENT TRACING AND NEAREST FACILITY AVAILANCE SYSTEM 1 Prof.A.N.Shire, Department of EXTC, J.D.I.E.T,Yavatmal, 2Ankita A. Kotecha,Department of EXTC, J.D.I.E.T,Yavatmal,ankitakothecha6@gmail.com 3Priti S.Khodankar Department of EXTC, J.D.I.E.T,Yavatmal priti.khodankar92@gmail.com 4.Snehajeet Tembhare, EXTC, J.D.I.E.T,Yavatmal, J.D.I.E.T, Maharashtra, India, Abstract: This proposed work is an attempt to design a tracking unit for the emergency situations that uses the global positioning system (GPS) to determine the precise location of a person and to provide emergency facilities that are most nearby to the affected person. The proposed embedded system uses GPS for tracing exact location of an affected person and the GPS coordinates of the same is transmitted to the relay station. The transmission of GPS coordinates is carried out by Android Application. The relay station is developed using Atmega32 Microcontroller with Sim300 GSM module. The relay station enabled with GSM and GPRS can find the nearest available emergency facilities that can be provided to the affected person. The nearest facilities are tracked by comparing difference of distance vector with distance vector of affected person. 1. INTRODUCTION This system uses AVR microcontroller ATmega16. The inbuilt ADC receives analog data from sensors and converts it to digital data and passes it to the microcontroller. This proposed work is to attempt to design a tracking unit for the emergency situations. The android phone itself acts as transmitter and relay station form using ATmega16 microcontroller, SIM300, LCD DISPLAY 16X2, power supply section. It uses the global positioning system (GPS) to determine the precise location of a person and to provide emergency facilities that are most nearby to the affected person. It uses mainly the microcontroller ATmega16, GSM/GPRS and LCD display.

2 GSM Modem Tran_9 T 10K 10mF GND BR BR_ac_dc Atmega 32 CAP1 C_100uF_50V VREG IC_7805 Gnd CAP1 C_10uF_50V GND GND GND MARCH ISSN: The proposed embedded system uses GPS for tracing exact location of an affected person and the GPS coordinates of the same is transmitted to the relay station. The transmission of GPS coordinates is carried out by Android Application. The relay station is developed using Atmega16 Microcontroller with Sim300 GSM module. The relay station enabled with GSM and GPRS can find the nearest available emergency facilities that can be provided to the affected person. The nearest facilities are tracked by comparing difference of distance vector with distance vector of affected person using the android application. 2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW The block diagram of prototype is shown in figure (1). The bridge rectifier is used to convert the 9V supply output of transformer into DC voltage. A voltage regulator IC 7805 Fig.:- 1 Block Diagram of prototype The TXD pin of microcontroller is connected to the RXD pin of GSM model and vice versa. Implementation: The below figure(2) shows the circuit diagram of project from which overall architecture of system is explained. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM AC _ + AC In Out Tx Rx 38 Tx Rx CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF RELAY STATION 16*2 LCD Display Design and implimentation 3.1 Hardware Requirements 1. Microcontroller :ATMEGA16 2. GSM module :SIMCOM LCD display : [16 2] Display 4. IC 7805 : Voltage Regulator of ±5V DC. 5. adaptor :12V DC 6. Power supply :DC 5V Regulated is used to obtain fixed output voltage of +5V. Separate supply of same specification requirement is used for microcontroller and GSM module. The microcontroller used is ATMEGHA-16 and GSM modem is SIM Power Supply The power supply used in this project is shown in figure(3). The step down transformer is used which convert V. We used bridge rectifier to convert the 9V supply output of transformer into DC voltage. A voltage regulator IC is used to have the fixed output voltage of +5V. For microcontroller and GSM

3 module separate supplier are used of same specification requirement. 3.3 MICROCONTROLLER ATMEGA16 The ATmega16 is a low-power CMOS 8- bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz allowing the system designed to optimize power consumption versus processing speed Features High-performance, Low-power Atmel AVR 8-bit Microcontroller:- Advanced RISC Architecture:- 131 Powerful Instructions Most Singleclock Cycle Execution 32 x 8 General Purpose Working Registers Up to 16 MIPS Throughput at 16 MHz High Endurance Non-volatile Memory segments:- 16 Kbytes of Flash program memory 512 Bytes EEPROM 1 Kbyte Internal SRAM Peripheral Features:- Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with Separate Prescalers and Compare Modes One 16-bit Timer/Counter with Separate Prescaler, Compare Mode, and Capture Mode Real Time Counter with Separate Oscillator 8-channel, 10-bit ADC, 8 Single-ended Channels Byte-oriented Two-wire Serial Interface Programmable Serial USART Master/Slave SPI Serial Interface On-chip Analog Comparator Special Microcontroller Features:- Power-on Reset Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator External and Internal Interrupt Sources Six Sleep Modes: Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby and Extended Standby I/O and Packages:- 32 Programmable I/O Lines 40-pin PDIP Operating Voltages:- 4.5V - 5.5V for ATmega16 Speed Grades: MHz for ATmega16 Power 1 MHz, 3V, and 25 C for ATmega16:- Active: 1.1 ma Idle Mode: 0.35 ma Power-down Mode: < 1 μa

4 3.3.2 Block Diagram The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single instruction executed in one clock cycle. The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional CISC microcontrollers. The ATmega16 provides the following features: 16 Kbytes of In-System Programmable Flash Program memory with Read-While-Write capabilities, 512 bytes EEPROM, 1 Kbyte SRAM, 32 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers, a JTAG interface for Boundaryscan, On-chip Debugging support and programming, three flexible Timer/Counters with compare modes, Internal and External Interrupts, a serial programmable USART, a byte oriented Two-wire Serial Interface, an 8-channel, 10-bit ADC with optional differential input stage with programmable gain (TQFP package only), a programmable Watchdog Timer with Internal Oscillator, an SPI serial port, and six software selectable power saving modes. The Idle mode stops the CPU while allowing the USART, Two-wire interface, A/D Converter, SRAM, Timer/Counters, SPI port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the register contents but freezes the Oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next External Interrupt or Hardware Reset. In Power-save mode, the Asynchronous Timer continues to run, allowing the user to maintain a timer base while the rest of the device is sleeping. The ADC Noise Reduction mode stops the CPU and all I/O modules except Asynchronous Timer and ADC, to minimize switching noise during ADC conversions. In Standby mode, the crystal/resonator Oscillator is running while the rest of the device is sleeping. This allows very fast start-up combined with lowpower consumption. In Extended Standby mode, both the main Oscillator and the Asynchronous Timer continue to run. The device is manufactured using Atmel s high density nonvolatile memory technology. The On-chip ISP Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface, by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer, or by an On-chip Boot program running on the AVR core. The boot program can use any interface to download the application program in the Application Flash

5 memory. Software in the Boot Flash section will continue to run while the Application Flash section is updated, providing true Read- While-Write operation. By combining an 8-bit RISC CPU with In-System Self-Programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel ATmega16 is a powerful microcontroller that provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The ATmega16 AVR is supported with a full suite of program and system development tools including: C compilers, macro assemblers, program debugger/simulators, in-circuit emulators, and evaluation kits Pin Configurations Pin Descriptions VCC:- Digital supply voltage. GND:- Ground. Port A (PA7..PA0):- Port A serves as the analog inputs to the A/D Converter. Port A also serves as an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port, if the A/D Converter is not used. Port pins can provide internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port A output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. When pins PA0 to PA7 are used as inputs and are externally pulled low, they will source current if the internal pull-up resistors are activated. The Port A pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port B (PB7..PB0):- Port B is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Port C (PC7..PC0):- Port C is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port C output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. If the JTAG interface is enabled, the pull-up resistors on pins PC5(TDI), PC3(TMS) and PC2(TCK) will be activated even if a reset occurs. Port D (PD7..PD0):- Port D is an 8-bit bidirectional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

6 RESET:- Reset Input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. XTAL1:- Input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. XTAL2:- Output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. AVCC: - AVCC is the supply voltage pin for Port A and the A/D Converter. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter. AREF: - AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter 3.4 Global System for Mobile communications Module GSM System: The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) originally is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. GSM service is used by over 2 billion people across more than 212 countries and territories. As the GSM standard continued to develop, it retained backward compatibility with the original GSM phones; for example, packet data capabilities were added in the Release 97 version of the standard, by means of General Pocket Radio Service (GPRS). Higher speed data transmission has also been introduced with Enhance Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) in the Release 99 version of the standard History of GSM The growth of cellular telephone systems took off in the early 1980s, particularly in Europe. The lack of a technological standardization prompted the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT) to create the Group Special Mobile (GSM) in 1982 with the objective of developing a standard for a mobile telephone system that could be used across Europe. The first GSM network was launched in 1991 by Radiolinja in Finland. In 1989, GSM responsibility was transferred to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), and phase I of the GSM specifications were published in By the end of 1993, over a million subscribers were using GSM phone networks being operated by 70 carriers across 48 countries ARCHITECTURE:- Fig.:- 6 General Architecture of GSM network CONNECTION BETWEEN MICROCONTROLLER AND GSM MODULE For connection, Receiver Pin (Rx) of Microcontroller is connected to the Transmitter Pin (Tx) of GSM Module and Transmitter Pin (Tx) of Microcontroller is connected to the

7 Receiver Pin (Rx) of GSM Module. Also Ground Pin (GND) of both are connected. AT COMMANDS where AT stands for Application Terminal. Some useful AT Commands are: AT Commands, GSM AT command set AT commands are used to control MODEMs. bb AT is the abbreviation for Attention. These commands come from Hayes commands that Fig.:- 7 Interfacing of ATmega16 with GSM Module were used by the Hayes smart modems. The Hayes commands started with AT to indicate the attention from the MODEM. The dial up and wireless MODEMs (devices that involve machine to machine communication) need AT commands to interact with a computer. These include the Hayes command set as a subset, along with other extended AT commands GSM MODULE Fig.:- 8 GSM Module For sending message, a GSM Module named SIMCOM 300 with RS232, power supply, buzzer and audio interface are used. This can be connected to PC by using a USB to Serial Adaptor. Terminal programs such as Real term are used to send & receive data. The interface between GSM Module and microcontroller can also be done directly with the help of wires. GSM Module works with AT commands with a GSM/GPRS MODEM or mobile phone can be used to access following information and services: 1. Information and configuration pertaining to mobile device or MODEM and SIM card. 2. SMS services. 3. MMS services. 4. Fax services. 5. Data and Voice link over mobile network. The Hayes subset commands are called the basic commands and the commands specific to a GSM network are called extended AT commands. Types of AT Commands: There are four types of AT commands:

8 1) Test commands - used to check whether a command is supported or not by the MODEM. SYNTAX: AT<command name>=? For example: ATD=? 2) Read command - used to get mobile phone or MODEM settings for an operation. SYNTAX: AT<command name>? For example: AT+CBC? 3) Set commands - used to modify mobile phone or MODEM settings for an operation. SYNTAX: AT<command name>=value1, value2,, valuen Some values in set commands can be optional. For example: AT+CSCA= , 120 4) Execution commands - used to carry out an operation. SYNTAX: AT<command name>=parameter1, parameter2,, parametern The read commands are not available to get value of last parameter assigned in execution commands because parameters of execution commands are not stored. For example: AT+CMSS=1, , 120 1) AT - This command is used to check communication between the module and the computer. For example, AT OK The command returns a result code OK if the computer (serial port) and module are connected properly. If any of module or SIM is not working, it would return a result code ERROR. 2)+CMGF - This command is used to set the SMS mode. Either text or PDU mode can be selected by assigning 1 or 0 in the command. SYNTAX: AT+CMGF=<mode> 0: for PDU mode 1: for text mode The text mode of SMS is easier to operate but it allows limited features of SMS. The PDU (protocol data unit) allows more access to SMS services but the operator requires bit level knowledge of TPDUs. The headers and body of SMS are accessed in hex format in PDU mode so it allows availing more features. For example, AT+CMGF=1 OK 3) +CMGW - This command is used to store message in the SIM. SYNTAX: AT+CMGW= Phone number > Message to be stored Ctrl+z As one types AT+CMGW and phone number, > sign appears on next line where one can type the message. Multiple line messages can

9 be typed in this case. This is why the message is terminated by providing a Ctrl+z combination. As Ctrl+z is pressed, the following information response is displayed on the screen. +CMGW: Number on which message has been stored 4) +CMGS - This command is used to send a SMS message to a phone number. SYNTAX: AT+CMGS= serial number of message to be send. As the command AT+CMGS and serial number of message are entered, SMS is sent to the particular SIM. For example, AT+CMGS=1 OK 5) ATD - This command is used to dial or call a number. SYNTAX: ATD<Phone number>(enter) For example, ATD ) ATA - This command is used to answer a call. An incoming call is indicated by a message RING which is repeated for every ring of the call. When the call ends NO CARRIER is displayed on the screen. SYNTAX: ATA(Enter) As ATA followed by enter key is pressed, incoming call is answered. For example, RING RING ATA 7) ATH - This command is used to disconnect remote user link with the GSM module. SYNTAX: ATH (Enter) SMS Text mode : Command Description AT+CSMS Select message service AT+CPMS Preferred message storage AT+CMGF Message format AT+CSCA Service centre address AT+CSMP Set text mode parameters AT+CSDH Show text mode parameters AT+CSCB Select cell broadcast message types AT+CSAS Save settings AT+CRES Restore settings AT+CNMI New message indications to TE AT+CMGL List messages AT+CMGR Read message AT+CMGS Send message AT+CMSS Send message from storage AT+CMGW Write message to memory AT+CMGD Delete message SMS PDU mode : Command Description AT+CMGL List Messages AT+CMGR Read message AT+CMGS Send message AT+CMGW Write message to memory 3.5 LCD DISPLAY

10 The display used here (shown in fig. 9) is 16x2 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) that displays 16 characters per line by 2 lines. A very popular standard exists which allows us to communicate with the vast majority of LCDs regardless of their manufacturer. The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external source (in this case, the Atmega16) and communicates directly with the LCD. The standard requires 3 control lines as well as either 4 or 8 I/O lines for the data bus. Here we are using 8-bit mode of LCD, i.e., using 8-bit data bus. for the minimum amount of time required by the LCD datasheet (this varies from LCD to LCD), and end by bringing it low (0) again. The RS line is the "Register Select" line. When RS is low (0), the data is to be treated as a command or special instruction (such as clear screen, position cursor, etc.). When RS is high (1), the data being sent is text data which should be displayed on the screen. For example, to display the letter "T" on the screen you would set RS high. The RW line is the "Read/Write" control line. When RW is low (0), the information on the data bus is being written to the LCD. When RW is high (1), the program is effectively querying (or reading) the LCD. Only one instruction ("Get LCD status") is a read command. All others are write commands--so RW will almost always be low. In our case of an 8-bit data bus, the lines are referred to as DB0, DB1, DB2, DB3, DB4, DB5, DB6, and DB7. Fig.:- 9 PIN Diagram of LCD The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW. The EN line is called "Enable." This control line is used to tell the LCD that we are sending it data. To send data to the LCD, our program should make sure this line is low (0) and then set the other two control lines and/or put data on the data bus. When the other lines are completely ready, bring EN high (1) and wait

11 3.5.1 PIN DESCRIPTION PIN NUMBER SYMBOL FUNCTION 1 Vss GND 2 Vdd + 3V or + 5V 3 Vo Contrast Adjustment Fig.:- 10 Interfacing of ATmega 16 with LCD Display INTERFACING OF LCD WITH MICROCONTROLLER 4 RS H/L Register Select Signal 5 R/W H/L Read/Write Signal 6 E H L Enable Signal 7 DB0 H/L Data Bus Line 8 DB1 H/L Data Bus Line 9 DB2 H/L Data Bus Line 10 DB3 H/L Data Bus Line 11 DB4 H/L Data Bus Line 12 DB5 H/L Data Bus Line 13 DB6 H/L Data Bus Line 14 DB7 H/L Data Bus Line + 3.5V for 15 A/Vee LED/Negative Voltage Output PROGRAMMING STEPS SEQUENCE: 1. Initalizing LDC_Display and SIM Get response of SIM300 and Display it. 3. If response=="ok", set "TEXT MODE SELECTION". 4. Check SIM Card and display it's response. 5. Check Network connection and Display it. 6. Wait untill message received. 7. Read message. 8. Copy Mob_Location and Text. 16 K K Power Supply for B/L (OV) 9. Display Mob_Location and Text. 10. Send SMS according to Text as, Table of PIN Description of LCD Display

12 11. If Text==1: Send to Mob_USER_ If Text==2: Send to Mob_USER_ If Text==3: Send to Mob_USER_ Display Response of SMS. Advantages and Applications: Advantage: 1. Easy in implementation at low cost. 2. It required very low cost. 3. It can be implemented easily at low cost. 4. Used to provide emergency facility. Application: 1. It can use in hospitals and police stations.

13 4. CONCLUSION This proposed work is to attempt to design a tracking unit for the emergency situations. This project had tried a simple way to find the emergency facility that are most nearby to the affected person The android application helps to find location of the person and providing them nearest available emergency facility that are most nearby to that affected person. The nearest facilities are tracked by comparing difference of distance vector with distance vector of affected person. Using this system and with a simple android application we are able to get the emergency facility. 5. REFERANCES 1)ATiny2313 Data Book. (2003, September). AVR Microcontroller. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from ATmel Corporation: http;/ 2) 3)Adedjouma A.S., Adjovi G., Agaï L. and Degbo B., A system of remote control car lock with a GSM based geo-location by GPS and GSM. African Journal of Research in Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Vol. 1. 4) Baille A., Kittas C. et Katsoulas N., Influence of whitening on greenhouse microclimate and crop energy partitioning. Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol ) Bouchikhi B., El Harzli M., Design and realization of acquisition system and climatic parameters control under the greenhouse. Phys & Chem. News, Vol. 22 6) El Harzli M., Study and realization of a multifunctional sensor, heat flux, temperature and humidity. Application to the greenhouse control. National PhD, Faculty of Sciences, Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco 7) Jiang P., Xia H., Zhiye He Z. and Wang Z., Design of a water Environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor networks. Journal of Sensors Vol. 9 8) SIM300 Hardware Interface Description version date: doc.id:- SIM300_HD_V1.06 9) Relay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaen.wikipedia.org/wiki/relay 10) max232 datasheet SLLS047L FEBRUARY 1989 REVISED MARCH ) l-avr-lcd-16x2-interfacing-hd44780.html 12)