Arrays. Arrays are of 3 types One dimensional array Two dimensional array Multidimensional array

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1 Arrays Array is a collection of similar data types sharing same name or Array is a collection of related data items. Array is a derived data type. Char, float, int etc are fundamental data types used in C. These data types allow the users to store different data but one at a time. If we intend to feed a very large data then need a powerful data type and that is array'. For e.g. We can enter marks obtained by different students in one subject complete set of marks is known as array and in that marks of each is known as element. Each element is separated from another element by using index or subscript. For e.g. Marks of roll no. 1 will be represented by marks[1] in which 1 is the index or subscript marks is the subscripted variable. Arrays are of 3 types One dimensional array Two dimensional array Multidimensional array 1. One dimensional array: When a number of constants are assigned a single name using only one subscript such variable is called a single subscripted variable or one dimensional array. Like fundamental data types the single subscripted variable i.e. one dimensional array must be declared. The syntax of declaration is: data type array name [size]; when data type specifies the type of data i.e. int, float or char size specifies maximum number of elements that can be stored in the array. For e.g. int marks[20]; declares the marks to be an array of 20 integer element and reserves 40 bytes of continuous memory float rate[10]; declares the rate to be an array and 10 real type elements and reserve 40 bytes of continuous memory char name[15]; declares the name to be an array of 15 character elements and stores 15 bytes of continuous memory. Like fundamental types the arrays can be initiated i.e. value can be assigned at any one of following stages: In compile time In compile time initialization the values can be assigned at time of declaration of which syntax is: Type array name [size] = list of values; or even by method a[0] =...; a[1] =...;

2 a[2] =...; In run time initialization the value is assigned by using a scanf statement. For e.g. scanf("%d %d %d", &a[0], &a[1], &a[2]); or by running a for loop for (i=0; i<=2; i++) scanf (%d", &a[i]); PROG: WAP TO ACCEPT AN ARRAY AND PRINT IT BACK. int a[5],i; printf("enter the elements of array"); scanf("%d",&a[i]); printf("%d\t",a[i]); PROG: WAP TO FIND A NO. IN AN ARRAY. /*finding whether particular no is in ary*/ int a[5]=1,5,12,9,19,i,temp; printf("enter the number u intend to search in array"); scanf("%d",&temp); if(temp==a[i]) printf("no is there"); goto end; printf("no is not there"); end: PROG: WAP TO FIND SMALLEST NO. IN AN ARRAY.

3 //finding smallest number in an array int a[5],i,temp; printf("enter the elements of array to find smallest from"); scanf("%d",&a[i]); temp=a[0]; for(i=1;i<5;i++) if (a[i]<temp) temp=a[i]; printf("%d",temp); PROG: WAP TO FIND LARGEST NO. IN AN ARRAY. //finding largest number in an array int a[5],i,temp; printf("enter the elements of array to find largest from"); scanf("%d",&a[i]); temp=a[0]; for(i=1;i<5;i++) if (a[i]>temp) temp=a[i]; printf("%d",temp); PROG: WAP TO MERGE TWO ARRAYS. //merging two arrays int a[5]=1,3,5,7,9,b[6]=2,4,5,6,8,10,c[12],i,j,k; //copying 'a' in 'c' c[i]=a[i]; //copying 'b' in 'c' for(j=0;j<6;j++) for(k=0;k<5;k++)

4 if(b[j] ==c[k]) goto next ; c[i]=b[j]; i++; next : //printing 'c' for(k=0;k<i;k++) printf("%4d",c[k]); PROG: WAP TO ARRANGE ELEMENTS OF AN ARRAY IN ASCENDING ORDER(BUBBLE SORTING). //prog to sort elements of array int a[5],i,j,temp; // scanning array scanf("%d",&a[i]); //sorting for(i=0;i<4;i++) for(j=i+1;j<5;j++) if(a[i]>a[j]) temp=a[i]; a[i]=a[j]; a[j]=temp; //printing sorted array printf("%4d",a[i]); 2. Two dimensional array: Whenever a table or a matrix is to be prepared then we have to use the two dimensional array. Syntax of declarations is: data type array name [row size] [column size]; initialization can be done at time of declaration as int num [2] [3] = 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7; int num [2] [3] = 1, 2,, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; if some terms are not initialized then they are automatically initialized as 0'.

5 Even, int num [2] [3] = 0, 0, 0; initializes all elements with 0'. Initialization of two array can also be done by nested for loop. PROGRAM : WRITE A PROGRAM WHICH ACCEPTS A 3 X 4 MATRIX AND PRINTS AS SHOWN int a[3][4],i,j; //reading a' for(i=0;i<3;i++) for(j=0;j<4;j++) scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); //printing 'a' for(i=0;i<3;i++) printf( \n ); for(j=0;j<4;j++) printf("%d\t",a[i][j]); PROG: WAP TO ADD TWO MATRICES. //adding two arrays int a[2][3],b[2][3], c[2][3], i,j,temp; //reading 'a' scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); //reading 'b'

6 scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); //adding & making 'c' c[i][j] = a[i][j]+ b[i][j] ; //printing 'c' printf("\t%d",c[i][j]); PROG: WAP TO SUBTRACT ONE MATRIX FROM OTHER. //array subtraction int a[2][3],b[2][3], c[2][3], i,j,temp; //reading 'a' scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); //reading 'b' scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); //subtracting & making 'c' c[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j] ; //printing 'c' printf("\t%d",c[i][j]); PROGRAM WRITE A PROGRAM WHICH ACCEPTS THE MATRIX A' AND MATRIX B' AND MULTIPLIES, AND PRINTS THEIR PRODUCT IN MATRIX C'.

7 //multiplication of arrays int a[2][3], b[3][2], c[2][2], i, j, k; //reading 'a' for (i = 0;i<2;i++) for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) scanf("%d", &a[i][j]); //reading 'b' for (i=0;i<3;i++) for (j=0;j<2;j++) scanf("%d", &b[i][j]); //multipying & making 'c' for (i=0;i<2;i++) for (j=0;j<2;j++) c[i][j] = 0; for(k=0;k<3;k++) c[i][j] = c[i][j] + a[i][k] * b[k][j]; //printing 'c' for(j=0;j<2;j++) printf("\t%d", c[i][j]); PROGRAM WRITE A PROGRAM WHICH ACCEPTS A MATRIX AND PRINTS ITS TRANSPOSE. int a[2][3],b[3][2],i,j,temp; scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); b[j][i] = a[i][j];

8 for(i=0;i<3;i++) for(j=0;j<2;j++) printf("\t%d",b[i][j]); PROGRAM WRITE A PROGRAM THAT ACCEPTS NUMBER OF 4 TYPES OF PRODUCTS SOLD BY 3 SALESMEN AND FINDS THE TOTAL PRODUCTS SOLD BY EACH SALESMEN AND TOTAL NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF PRODUCTS. # include <stdio.h> # include <connio.h> # include <math.h> main (); int i, j; int quan [3][4] for (i=0; i < 2; i++) for (j=0; j<3; j++) scanf ("%d", & quan [i][j]); for(i=0; i<2; i++) sal_man [i] = 0; for (j=0; j<3; j++) sal_man[i]=sal_man[i] + quan [i][j]; for (j=0; j<3; j++) Tot_pro[j]=0; For (i=0; i<=2; i++) Tot_pro [j] = Tot_pro [j] + quan [i][j]; printf("\n sal_man \t pro_1 \t pro_2 \t pro_3 \t pro_4\t Total"); for (i=0; i<2; i++) printf ("\n%d", i+1); for (j=0; j<3; j++) printf ("\t%d", quan[i][j]); printf ("\t%d", sal_man [i]); print ("\n total"); for (j=0; j <3; j++) printf ("\t%d", Tot_pro [j]);