Audit Teaching in GP 1

Transcription

1 Audit Teaching in GP 1 S Walkin 28 September, 2016 Last time on Audit teaching (Getting Started) What is Audit? How does it differ from research? Stages of conducting an audit 1. Select topic 2. Identify guidelines 3. Derive criteria from the guidelines 4. Set audit standard 5. Collect data 6. Compare performance with criteria 7. Implement change 8. Reaudit Data Protection (relevant to audit and research) There are stringent legal requirements in relation to handling personal data. Anybody handling such data is required in law to make themselves aware of the requirements. Full information is available at The eight rules are 1. Obtain and process information fairly 2. Keep it only for one or more specified, explicit and lawful purposes 3. Use and disclose it only in ways compatible with these purposes 4. Keep it safe and secure 5. Keep it accurate, complete and up-to-date 6. Ensure that it is adequate, relevant and not excessive 7. Retain it for no longer than is necessary for the purpose or purposes 8. Give a copy of his/her personal data to an individual, on request I would suggest using a desktop computer in the surgery, and strongly advise that you avoid storing info on USB drives/laptops (if you do, eg to transfer it, I would suggest deleting it as soon as possible)

2 Specific Learning Outcomes for this session: By the end of this session you will be able to: Explain the different types of variables in quantitative research/audit Present categorical/qualitative/ name type data Describe the 3 domains in presenting quantitative/ number type data Create a histogram from quantitative data Describe the shape of quantitative data Requirements for Audit Projects Engage with the audit teaching and audit support meetings Undertake audit project relevant to the discipline of general practice Present the audit project to the SSTPGP Present audit to your first third year training practice/trainer (protected time will be provided for this) Submit a written summary of the audit project to the scheme office and file a copy in your GPR log Variable and Data types A variable is a measure or question which has a single answer Data is (are) the information itself ie the answer Qualitative data Name type data also called categorical or nominal data May be ordinal ie have an intrinsic order (eg How bored are you? A lot; A little; Not bored at all) If there are 2 categories only categorical data is referred to as Binary or Dichotomous or Attribute data. Categories can be combined to create binary data (Binary data is useful when it comes to analysing the results of your studies) Quantitative data Number type data, where the number has a meaning. One way of thinking about this is that if it makes sense to add or subtract the variable, then it is a quantitative or number type variable Exercise: Identify the qualitative variables in the questionnaire. Can you illustrate ordinal and binary data? Are there any quantitative variables?

3 Presenting Categorical (ie qualitative or name type) Data Count the number of persons in each category Present in: Tables Bar charts Pie charts Exercise Do the attached questionnaire now. Any volunteer(s) to present the qualitative data in a table or graph? (Flip) Presenting Quantitative Data There are 3 aspects to describing quantitative data: What is the shape of the data? Where is the centre of the data? How spread out are the data? Describing the shape of quantitative data Convert it to qualitative data and present in tables or graph format How to convert quantitative data to qualitative data: Create about 6 to 20 non-overlapping categories Cover the full range (if possible) Equal width categories are preferable Be mindful of digit preference (Have the digit of preference in the middle of the category you create eg Cigs smoked/day 0-8; 9-17; etc) Present data in bar chart or in a histogram * (other options include frequency polygon or frequency curve, or a cumulative frequency table or curve) Exercise Using the following quantitative data construct a histogram on graph paper. Age of 22 patients on a particular ward 55, 58, 63, 64, 65, 66, 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 73, 74, 77, 80, 80, 81, 84, 86, 89, 94, 94

4 Advantages They are the usual first step in looking at quantitative data They give a good idea of the shape of the data They can be used for grouped data if that is what you have available to you Disadvantages They are time consuming to construct (by hand) They hide the raw data Types of data shapes Bimodal Symmetrical (Suggests you are measuring a heterogeneous population) Positively Skewed Negatively Skewed Now look at the histogram above describe their shapes

5 Questionnaire for Audit & Research Module Did you support Mayo in their bid to win the All Ireland Football final? (Circle the appropriate answer) Yes No 2. How many times have Mayo won the All Ireland football championship? times 3. How many times have Mayo played in the All Ireland football final since 1951? times 4. In total, how many championship football matches have you attended? (Please circle one box) None One Two Three Four Five or more 5. Please indicate your views on the following statement Mayo deserved to win the all Ireland Football final against Dublin in 2016 (Please circle one) Agree strongly Agree Disagree Disagree strongly