Designing for Ultra-Low Power with MSP430

Transcription

1 Designing for Ultra-Low Power with MSP430 Christian Hernitscheck MSP430 FAE Europe Texas Instruments 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 1 Agenda Introduction to Ultra-Low Power Looking for Ultra-Low Power Parts MSP430 The Ultra-Low Power MCU Low-Power Efficient Coding Techniques Summary 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 2 1

2 Achieving Ultra-low Power Extended Ultra-low Power standby mode Minimum active duty cycle Performance on-demand Always-on On demand 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 3 Ultra-low Power Clock Control CPU Off Off DCO on on ACLK on on 35uA Active DCO on on ACLK on on 250uA <6us Off Off All All Clocks Off Off 0.1uA LPM0 LPM3 RTC function LCD driver RAM/SFR retained <6us Stand-by DCO off off ACLK on on 0.8uA LPM4 RAM/SFR retained 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 4 2

3 Agenda Introduction to Ultra-Low Power Looking for Ultra-Low Power Parts MSP430 The Ultra-Low Power MCU Low-Power Efficient Coding Techniques Summary 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 5 Ultra-Low Power Architecture Multiple operating modes 0.1uA power down 0.7uA standby mode 250uA / 1MIPS Zero-power BOR 50nA pin leakage Modern CPU Minimum cycles per task Instant-on stable high-speed clock Intelligent peripherals 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 6 3

4 Power Consumption in CMOS Designs CMOS Inverter: Vin Vcc t I t Power Consumption of a CMOS Inverter: P = P stat + P Q + P dyn P stat = Vcc * I LL P Q = β / 12 * (Vcc 2*U Tn ) 3 * τ / T P dyn = C L * f * Vcc Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 7 MCU s Digital Supply Current CH2 MSP430 + Vcc - AVcc AVss DVcc DVss CH1 Reset CPU Clock 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 8 4

5 MSP430 Active Mode Supply Current MSP430F2131 data sheet [slas439a]: 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 9 Device, Voltage, Temperature & Clock MSP430F16x LPM3 LFXT1 MSP430F20xx LPM3 VLO Die size and # pins Family architectures and clock system 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 10 5

6 Power Manage Internal Peripherals Comparator_A P1OUT P1OUT = = 0x02; 0x02; // // Power Power divider CACTL1 = CARSEL + CAREF_2 + CAON; CAON; // // Comp_A on on if if (CAOUT & CACTL2) P1OUT P1OUT = = 0x01; 0x01; // // Fault Fault else else P1OUT P1OUT &= &= ~0x01; P1OUT P1OUT &= &= ~0x02; // // de-power divider CACTL1 = 0; 0; // // Disable Comp_A 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 11 Integrated Analog Power Managing ADC10 DAC12 OA 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 12 6

7 Agenda Introduction to Ultra-Low Power Looking for Ultra-Low Power Parts MSP430 The Ultra-Low Power MCU Low-Power Efficient Coding Techniques Summary 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 13 MSP430x11x/12x Basic Clock R2/SR: Reserved V SCG1 SCG0 OSC OFF CPU OFF GIE N Z C 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 14 7

8 Performance on Demand Interrupt DCO Immediate-stable clock start for reaction to events 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 15 Low Power Mode Configuration R2/SR: Reserved V SCG1 SCG0 OSC OFF CPU OFF GIE N Z C Active Mode ~ 250uA LPM ~ 35uA LPM ~ 0.8uA LPM ~ 0.1uA Assembler Code Example: bis.w bis.w #CPUOFF,SR ; LPM0 LPM0 C Code Example: _BIS_SR (CPUOFF); // // LPM0 LPM Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 16 8

9 Interrupt Processing SP Prior to ISR PC SR SP ISR hardware - automatically PC pushed SR pushed Interrupt vector moved to PC SR is cleared IFG flag cleared on single source flags PC SR SP reti - automatically SR popped - original PC popped 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 17 Low Power Modes In Assembler PC SR=0018 PC SR=0008 ORG ORG 0F000h RESET RESET mov.w mov.w #300h,SP SP mov.w mov.w #WDT_MDLY_32,&WDTCTL bis.b bis.b #WDTIE,&IE1 bis.b bis.b #01h,&P1DIR Mainloop bis.w bis.w #CPUOFF+GIE,SR xor.b xor.b #01h,&P1OUT SP jmp jmp Mainloop WDT_ISR bic.w bic.w #CPUOFF,0(SP) reti reti ORG ORG 0FFFEh DW DW RESET RESET ORG ORG 0FFF4h SP DW DW WDT_ISR PC SR 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 18 9

10 Low Power Modes In C PC SR=0018 PC SR=0008 void void main(void) { SP WDTCTL = WDT_MDLY_32; IE1 IE1 = = WDTIE; P1DIR P1DIR = = 0x01; 0x01; for for (;;) (;;) { _BIS_SR(CPUOFF + GIE); GIE); SP P1OUT P1OUT ^= ^= 0x01; 0x01; } } #pragma vector=wdt_vector interrupt void void watchdog_timer(void) { _BIC_SR_IRQ(CPUOFF); } SP PC SR 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 19 2xx Basic Clock Module+ with VLO Clock VLO provides crystal alternative Lower power < 500 nano-amp 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 20 10

11 Interrupts Control Program Flow 9600 baud UART RX TX // // Polling UART UART Receive for for (;;) (;;) { while while (!(IFG2&URXIFG0)); TXBUF0 = RXBUF0; } 100% CPU Load // // UART UART Receive Interrupt #pragma vector=uart_vector interrupt void void rx rx (void) { TXBUF0 = RXBUF0; } 0.1% CPU Load 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 21 Software Functions >> Peripherals MCU P1.2 // // Endless Loop Loop for for (;;) (;;) { P1OUT P1OUT = = 0x04; 0x04; // // Set Set delay1(); P1OUT P1OUT &= &= ~0x04; // // Reset Reset delay2(); } 100% CPU Load // // Setup Setup output unit unit CCTL1 CCTL1 = OUTMOD0_1; _BIS_SR(CPUOFF); Zero CPU Load 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 22 11

12 MSP430 ADC10 10-bit ADC 200ksps+ Autoscan Single Sequence Repeat-single Repeat-sequence Internal/external reference TA SOC triggers Direct transfer controller (DTC) 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 23 Is Timer-Triggered ADC Important? Timer Memory ADC // // Interrupt CPU CPU cycles ; MSP430 ISR ISR to to start start conversion 6 BIS BIS #ADC12SC,&ADC12CTL0 ; Start Start conversion 5 RETI RETI ; Return 5 ; Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 24 12

13 Why Is Autoscan + DTC Important? AUTO ADC DTC Data2 Data1 Data0 Data2 // // Software Res[pRes++] = ADC10MEM; ADC10CTL0 &= &= ~ENC; ~ENC; if if (pres (pres < NR_CONV) { CurrINCH++; if if (CurrINCH == == 3) 3) CurrINCH = 0; 0; ADC10CTL1 &= &= ~INCH_3; ADC10CTL1 = = CurrINCH; ADC10CTL0 = = ENC+ADC10SC; } // // Autoscan + DTC DTC _BIS_SR(CPUOFF); 70 cycles/sample Fully Automatic 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 25 Why Is DMA Important? Memory Data >> DAC DAC // // Interrupt CPU CPU cycles DMA DMA clocks ; MSP430 ISR ISR for for one one output waveform 6 0 MOV ; Update DAC0 DAC0 5 2 AND AND #1F,R5 ; Modulo pointer 2 0 RETI RETI ; Return 5 0 ; ; MSP430 ISR ISR for for two two output waveforms 6 0 MOV ; Update DAC0 DAC0 5 2 MOV ; Update DAC1 DAC1 5 2 AND AND #3F,R5 ; Modulo pointer 2 0 RETI RETI ; Return 5 0 ; Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 26 13

14 Low-Power Peripheral Features ADC10 reference buffer automatically controlled ADC10, ADC12, SD16 cores automatically controlled Auto-scan ADC modes Timer-triggered data conversion I2C and USCI modules automatically enable clock DAC and OA have speed vs. power settings What can I do without the CPU? 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 27 Power Manage External Devices 0.01uA = Shutdown 20uA = Active uA = Average 1uA = Quiescent 1uA = Active uA = Average OPA with shutdown can be 20x lower total power 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 28 14

15 How To Terminate Unused Pins? Floating inputs cause additional current consumption! 3.0V I MSP430 Vcc Vss Icc [ua] P V 0.5 V 1.0 V 1.5 V 2.0 V 2.5 V 3.0 V Vin at P1.0 [V] Please see last page of chapter 2 in User s Guide 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 29 Agenda Introduction to Ultra-Low Power Looking for Ultra-Low Power Parts MSP430 The Ultra-Low Power MCU Low-Power Efficient Coding Techniques Summary 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 30 15

16 Bytes, Words & CPU Registers ; 16-bit addition Code/Cycles add.w add.w R4,R5 R4,R5 ; 1/1 1/ add.w add.w &0200,&0202 ; 3/6 3/6 ; 8-bit 8-bit addition add.b add.b R4,R5 R4,R5 ; 1/1 1/1 52D add.b add.b &0200,&0202 ; 3/6 3/6 Use CPU registers for calculations and dedicated variables Same code size for word or byte Use word operations when possible 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 31 Effect Of The Constant Generator D3E20021 bis.b bis.b #002h,&P1OUT ; With With CG CG D0F bis.b bis.b #010h,&P1OUT ; Without CG CG Immediate values 0xFFFF, 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 generated in hardware Reduces code size and cycles Completely Automatic! 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 32 16

17 Interrupt Vector Generator Interrupt vector 0 TAIV TAIV is used to efficiently decode the TIMER_A1 interrupt vector for all other interrupt sources Contents is either 0, 2, 4, or 10 Reading TAIV returns and clears the highest-priority pending interrupt Add TAIV to the PC and use a jump-table for TAIV demux Using TAIV instead of IFG polling greatly reduces interrupt overhead 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 33 C Coding Tips Use local variable as much as possible. Local variables use CPU registers whereas global variables use RAM. Use bit mask instead of bitfields for unsigned int and unsigned char. Use unsigned data types where possible Use pointers to access structures and unions Use static const class to avoid run-time copying of structures, unions, and arrays. Avoid modulo Count down for loops Get to know your C code and its disassembly! 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 34 17

18 Agenda Introduction to Ultra-Low Power Looking for Ultra-Low Power Parts MSP430 The Ultra-Low Power MCU Low-Power Efficient Coding Techniques Summary 2006 Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 35 Principles For ULP Applications Maximize the time in standby (LPM3) Use interrupts to control program flow Replace software functions with peripheral hardware Power manage internal peripherals Power manage external devices Device choice can make a difference Effective code is a must. Every unnecessary instruction executed is a portion of the battery wasted that will never return Texas Instruments Inc, Slide 36 18