C++ Programming: make

Transcription

1 C++ Programming: make Domingos Begalli Saddleback College, Computer Science CS1B, Spring / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 1/16 16

2 automating the steps involved with compilation determines source code parts needing [re]compilation automates compilation by issuying necessary commands can also be usefull for automating other tasks rule-based syntax monitors timestamps and addresses only newer code establishes and uses dependencies links target to corresponding pre-requisites 2 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 2/16 16

3 Basics syntax of make target : prerequisites ; command where the command line (the part after the semicolon) starts with a tab character ignores errors if prefixed with a hyphen-minus (-) does not print to stdout if prefixed with the at sign (@) executes even if directed not to if prefixed with a plus (+) 3 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 3/16 16

4 macros can be used for string definitions eg, CC = clang++ which can be composed of sheel commands eg, DATE = `date` and can be overridden by cli arguments passed to make eg, user@host:~$ make CC = clang++ 4 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 4/16 16

5 predefined macros macro description target name $% target member name when target is archive name $< name of first prerequisite $? name of all prerequisites that are newer than target $^ name of all prerequisite $+ re-listed prerequisites are duplicated for linking commands $ name of order only prerequisites $* stem which an implicit rules match 5 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 5/16 16

6 rules : 1 target : prerequisites 2 command where target is the name of a file to generate or of an action prerequisite is a file(s) used as input to create target command is an action(s) that make carries out 6 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 6/16 16

7 suffix rules : 1.SUFFIXES:.txt.html 2. html. txt: 3 lynx - dump $< > $@ when used at the command line: user@host:~$ make file. txt expands to user@host:~$ lynx - dump file. html > file. txt however, suffix rules are deprecated by pattern rules, which are more general and clearer 7 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 7/16 16

8 pattern rules contain the character % in the target otherwise it looks exactly like an ordinary rule % in the prerequisite stands for the stem matched in the target %.o : %.c ; recipe the rule above will compare every file that has a.o suffix with their counterpart with a.c suffix 8 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 8/16 16

9 using make for general tasks synchronize files backing up data puthome: rsync - avub -e ssh sbc/ cs1b drb@home. ps. uci. edu:~/ when run from a system other than home.ps.uci.edu (the destination), the rule above will compare timestamps of every file in the folder sbc/cs1b of the current system to their counterparts in the destination, and update those that are older 9 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 9/16 16

10 make/ example qsort.h 1 # ifndef _H_ 2 # define _H_ 3 # include <iostream > 4 # include <stdlib.h> 5 using namespace std; 6 void qsprint(int [], int); 7 int sorter( const void *, const void *); 8 #endif 10 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 10/16 16

11 make/ example qsort.cpp: 1 # include " qsort.h" 2 int main() { 3 int array[10]; 4 int i; 5 / f i l l a r r a y i n d e s c e n d i n g o r d e r / 6 for ( i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) { 7 array[ i ] = 10 - i; 8 } 9 qsort( array, 10, sizeof( int ), sorter); 10 qsprint( array, 10); 11 return 0; 12 } 11 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 11/16 16

12 make/ example qss.cpp: 1 #include "qsort. h 2 int sorter(const void *frst_arg, const void *sec_arg) { 3 int frst = *(int*) frst_arg; 4 int sec = *(int*) sec_arg; 5 cout << "first:" << frst << ", sec:" << sec << endl; 6 if ( frst < sec) { 7 return 1; 8 } else if ( frst == sec ) { 9 return 0; 10 } else { 11 return -1; 12 } 13 } 12 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 12/16 16

13 make/ example qpr.cpp: 1 # include " qsort.h" 2 void qsprint( int ar[], int siz) { 3 for ( int i = 0; i < siz; ++i ) { 4 cout << " array[" << i << "]: " << ar[i] << endl; 5 } 6 } 13 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 13/16 16

14 make/ example typical CLI commands to compile: 1 drb@nest:~/ sort/$ ls l 2 -rw-rw-r-- 1 drb drb 177 Apr 19 16:26 3 -rw-rw-r-- 1 drb drb 151 Apr 19 15:52 qpr. cpp 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 drb drb 231 Apr 19 15:53 qsort. cpp 5 -rw-rw-r-- 1 drb drb 166 Apr 19 15:47 qsort.h 6 -rw-rw-r-- 1 drb drb 345 Apr 19 16:23 qss. cpp 7 drb@nest:~/ sort$ g++ -c qss. cpp -o qss.o 8 drb@nest:~/ sort$ g++ -c qpr. cpp -o qpr.o 9 drb@nest:~/ sort$ g++ qsort. cpp -o qs qss.o qpr.o 14 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 14/16 16

15 make/ example 1 CC=clang ++ # or use g++ or all: qs 4 5 qs: qss.o qpr.o 6 $( CC) qsort. cpp -o qs qss.o qpr.o 7 8 qss.o: qss. cpp 9 $( CC) -c qss. cpp -o qss.o qpr.o: qpr. cpp 12 $( CC) -c qpr. cpp -o qpr.o clean: 15 rm qs *.o 15 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 15/16 16

16 make/ example 1 CPP=clang ++ 2 OBJS=qss.o qpr.o 3 all: qs 4 qs: $( OBJS) 5 $( CPP) qsort. cpp -o $@ $( OBJS) 6 qss.o: qss. cpp 7 $( CPP) -c $< 8 qpr.o: qpr. cpp 9 $( CPP) -c $< 10 clean: 11 rm qs *.o *.tar 12 tar: 13 tar cfv hw15. tar qsort.h qsort. cpp \ 14 qss. cpp qpr. cpp qsort. scr 16 / Domingos Begalli CS1B Spring 2018 C++ Introduction 16/16 16