focusing optical elements and guides for neutron reflectometry experiences, projects and ideas
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1 PAUL SCHERRER INSTITUT Jochen Stahn Uwe Filges Laboratory for Neutron Scattering Laboratory for Developments and Methods focusing optical elements and guides for neutron reflectometry experiences, projects and ideas ESS Science Symposium Surface and Interface Reconstruction: A Challenge for Neutron Reflectometry , Bernried, Germany
2 people involved Emanouela Rantsiou Tobias Panzner Panos Korelis Uwe Filges McStas simulations Selene inspiration experiments Vincent Thominet Sibylle Spielmann Roman Bürge Marcel Schild Dieter Graf Jan Krebs PSI infrastructure Ursula Bengaard Hansen Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner Birgit Wiedemann Anette Vickery Sina Mayr ideas / discussions J. Stahn, Bernried Björgvin Hjörvarsson Marité Cardenas Beate Klösgen Rob Dalgliesh Frédéric Ott Phil Bentley Bob Cubitt Peter Böni Uwe Stuhr... thanx!
3 focusing J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
4 focusing: principles J. Stahn, Bernried focusing optics reshapes the phase space of a n-beam (an ensemble of neutrons) to a small spatial extent at a given position x θ conservation of states (neutrons) other conservative optics: mirror, non-focusing reflectors shading optics reshapes the phase space by restricting it in space (slit) or divergence (collimator) x θ loss of neutrons
5 focusing: principles focusing optics vs. slit optics J. Stahn, Bernried beam profile penumbra umbra beam profile umbra reflective / refractive optics slits
6 focusing: principles focusing optics vs. slit optics J. Stahn, Bernried beam profile penumbra umbra beam profile umbra reflective / refractive optics slits
7 focusing: principles J. Stahn, Bernried dimensions are freely scalable adjustable to TOF length sample environment spin-echo spatial needs available space... limited by aberration gravity
8 focusing: basic reflector shapes J. Stahn, Bernried parabolic parallel to convergent hyperbolic convergent to convergent elliptic divergent to convergent
9 focusing: full vs. half device J. Stahn, Bernried phase space homogeneity effective divergence y elliptic 2-sided ideal case θ "./mapes.dat"u 2:1:3 3 elliptic 1-sided
10 focusing: ballistic ellipse vs. half device J. Stahn, Bernried early reflections suffer the most from coma aberration multiple reflections non-convergent beam behind guide exit L.Cusssen et al.: NIM A 75, 121 (213) elliptic 2-sided large source / small entrance elliptic 1-sided
11 focusing: geometrical aberration J. Stahn, Bernried correction for coma aberration! a = 2 mm b = 4 mm accepted by 1 st guide intermediate image sample position width / mm θ / deg θ / deg θ / deg
12 focusing: chromatic aberration J. Stahn, Bernried due to gravity simulations (McStas) with (1mm) tapered guides (4m long, b/a =.22) in agreement with analytic calculations 1 I(z,λ) area normalised to 1 λ = Å 3Å 5Å 7Å 9Å I(z) z/mm
13 focusing Selene guide J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
14 focusing: Selene guide J. Stahn, Bernried point-to-point focusing with 2 subsequent elliptical reflectors for horizontal and vertical direction Selene Selene picture: ceiling painting in the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, København
![= 1 1mm 2 ω [.2,1.7 ] ω [6.1,7.](/docs-images/88/114762022/images/15-3.jpg "6 ] avoid inhomogeneous field areas z/mm 5-5 raster the")
15 focusing: Selene guide J. Stahn, Bernried footprint definition a luminous field diaphragm defines shape size orientation of the beam footprint on the sample to avoid over-illumination McSats simulations 1 A = 1 1mm 2 ω [.2,1.7 ] ω [6.1,7.6 ] avoid inhomogeneous field areas z/mm 5-5 raster the sample x/mm x/mm
16 focusing: Selene guide J. Stahn, Bernried decoupling of spot-size and divergence characteristic parameters guide length vs. max. wavelength divergence vs. min. wavelength 4a m λmax Å < 2 θ deg /λ min Å <.4
17 focusing: Selene guide operation modes θ deg J. Stahn, Bernried log 1 qz Å λ/å almost conventional reflectivity aperture = TOF defined foot-print off-specular reflectivity virtual source
18 focusing: Selene guide operation modes almost conventional reflectivity = TOF defined foot-print off-specular reflectivity θ deg λ/å (scanning) aperture J. Stahn, Bernried log 1 qz Å 1 λ-θ-encoding = TOF(θ) wider q z -range constant q/q virtual source
19 focusing: Selene guide operation modes almost conventional reflectivity = TOF defined foot-print off-specular reflectivity θ deg λ/å (scanning) aperture J. Stahn, Bernried log 1 qz Å 1 λ-θ-encoding = TOF(θ) wider q z -range constant q/q high-intensity specular reflectivity = TOF θ-dispersive split-second t-resolution screening of parameter space virtual source
20 experiences J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
21 experiences: Selene guide J. Stahn, Bernried prototype guide on slit = virtual source polariser chopper 1 st segment spin flipper 2 nd segment sample stage flight tube detector optical bench, 8m long in-situ sputtering & n-reflectometry B. Wiedemann, TU Munich
22 J. Stahn, Bernried 214 experiences: Selene guide prototype guide on Amor@PSI high-intensity specular reflectometry θ / deg reference.6 instrument Amor size time / spin 2 2 mm2 1 min θ / deg Si /Cu /Fe (6 monolayers) normalised sample λ/å log1 [ R (qz ) ] θ / deg sample 1.8 +i -1 i qz / A
23 experiences: logarithmic spiral J. Stahn, Bernried polariser, frame-overlap mirror can be applied to all convergent / divergent beams with small focus spot e.g. as analyser for any beam reflected on small or moderate-sized samples!
24 experiences: adaptive optics J. Stahn, Bernried condenser: parabolic deflector to generate a parallel beam parabola axis beam direction focal length beam width beam width & spot size divergence no collimator needed tunable adaptive parabola (convex) focal spot with 17µm reached (PSI, early version)
25 experiences: spectral analysis J. Stahn, Bernried using a multilayer monochromator 7 6 intensity α λ I(λ,θ) measured on Amor λ(θ)/å multilayer θ/deg double ML monochromator λ/å
26 projects J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
27 projects: Estia J. Stahn, Bernried ESS long pulse ( 3ms) high brilliance small moderator (3 12mm 2 ) operational in 22 reflectometers Freia liquid surfaces wide simultaneous q z -range Estia vertical scattering plane small (magnetic) samples??? GISANS
28 projects: Estia TOF reflectometer for the ESS horizontal scattering plane sample size < 1 5mm 2 feeder + Selene guide y x top view scattering plane J. Stahn, Bernried distance from moderator in m focusing guide system polariser virtual source fo-chopper source RF flipper sample detector aperture RF flipper analyser z x side view
29 J. Stahn, Bernried 214 projects: Estia comparison to prototype high-intensity specular reflectometry θ / deg Amor Estia size time / spin 2 2 mm2 1 min 1 2 mm2.2 s gain-factor: Si /Cu /Fe (6 monolayers) instrument θ / deg sample λ/å log1 [ R (qz ) ] θ / deg sample reference normalised 2 +i -1 i qz / A 1 reasons: brilliance of sources Amor guide (2%) sample size
30 projects: SINQ upgrade J. Stahn, Bernried Selene guide for Amor eventually at an other beam port horizontal and vertical scattering plane possible TOF and monochromatic mode (the project is in an early stage)
31 projects: Selene guide for spin-echo J. Stahn, Bernried MIEZE (NRSE) compatibility with Selene guide under investigation all trajectories have the same length G.Brandl, A.Chacón, R.Georgii, W.Häußler, et al. FRM II & TU Munich
32 ideas J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
33 ideas: astigmatic focusing J. Stahn, Bernried focus to the sample in the scattering sample plane focus to the sample detector in the scattering sample plane
34 ideas: astigmatic focusing J. Stahn, Bernried focus to the sample in the scattering sample plane specular off-specular intensity distributed over the detector focus to the sample detector in the scattering sample plane specular off-specular intensity concentrated along a line distributed over the detector strongly reduced background under specular signal
35 ideas: astigmatic focusing J. Stahn, Bernried focusing to the detector by shifting the focal point: hyperbolic deflector
36 ideas: astigmatic focusing J. Stahn, Bernried in combination with TOF and a chopper / scanning aperture / dispersive monochromator situation for one λ or t specular intensity concentrated on a small spot focusing GISANS configuration
37 discussion J. Stahn, Bernried focusing focusing Selene guide experiences projects ideas discussion
38 J. Stahn, Bernried 214 discussion focusing results in no gain in brilliance... a defined footprint... a clean beam homogeneous uni-modal angular or spatial distribution non-perfect optics reduction of resolution / transmission works best for small samples weak aberration 7.1
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