A Study on Advanced Wireless Mobile Communication Technologies - 4G Vs. 5G

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1 A Study on Advanced Wireless Mobile Communication Technologies - 4G Vs. 5G Jayant S. Rohankar 1 Assistant Professor jsrohankar@gmail.com T.Yengantiwar 2 Assistant Professor yengantiwar@rediffmail.com S.Mohan Kumar 3 Associate Professor mohankumar.sugumar@gmail.com Abstract Information and communication engineering plays the major role in the Computer Science and Information Technology fields especially, wireless mobile communication and services have the highest demand in wireless and internet world. Mobile phones are rapidly becoming the preferred means of personal communication by using the wireless technology. Every generation of wireless mobile technology has some platform for its development as a reason. 1G was based on analog signaling whereas 2G on low-band digital data signaling. The 3G technology was developed to overcome the lacunas of 1G & 2G technologies and it also provide more wireless facilities to the user. 3G finds application in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile TV. The 4G system provides mobile ultra-broadband, internet access with very high speed data rate. This research paper presents an overview of 4G and 5G technologies trends in the wireless technology market. Also a comparison between 4G Vs. 5G technologies and the major improvements which could be made to 5G technology will make it more powerful technology in future and it will rule the wireless mobile communication field. Keywords: 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, CORENETWORK, SGSN, Mobile communication,, TDMA, MIMO, QoS, WiBro, MANET, AMPS

2 1 INTRODUCTION Today s world is fast changing world. The fast changing world has its own expectations of corresponding, connecting with people as fast as possible in minimum time possible without the consideration of location of the user. The continuous demands and requirements for wireless communication systems have led to the need for a better understanding of fundamental issues in communication theory and electromagnetic and the implications for the design of highly-capable wireless systems. The mobile communication systems and the wireless communication technologies have been improving very fast day by day. Devices continue to shrink in size while growing in processing power. Consumers are demanding more advanced and useful applications. Hence, there is need of capacity improvements in wireless communications.in addition; wireless communications is active areas of technology development of our time. Several major cellular wireless communication techniques have been proposed in order to meet these user expectations. 1.1 What is G Technology?: Quite simply, the G stands for Generation, as in the next generation of wireless technologies. Each generation is supposedly faster, more secure and more reliable. The reliability factor is the hardest obstacle to overcome. 2 STANDARD OF G S 2.1 First Generation (1G) Analog System: The 1G first generation mobile wireless communication system was analog system, which was based on a technology known as Advance Mobile Phone Service (AMPS). The AMPS system was frequency modulation radio system using frequency division multiple access (FDMA) with channel capacity of 30 KHz and frequency band was [1]. In additional bandwidth was allocated to AMPS which was developed in Chicago, with coverage area of 2100 square miles [2]. 2nd is code division multiple access () [3]. The first digital system was introduced in 1991 in United States. Three types of developments took place in 2nd generation wireless communication system, IS-54 (TDMA) in 1991, IS-95 () in 1993, and IS-136 in 1996 [4].The family of this generation consists of 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G. 2.3 Third Generation Network (3G) Internet System:[5] As per the IMT-2000 standards, a system is required to provide peak data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s. 3G functions in the range of 2100 Hz and bandwidth The communication provides enhanced clarity and perfection like the real conversation. Recent 3G releases provide mobile broadband access of several M bit/s to smart phones and mobile modems in laptop computers. The first release of (Third Generation Partnership Project) 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard completely fulfill the (International Telecommunications Union) ITU 4G requirements called the IMT-Advanced. 4G is the first release LTE. Its evolution LTE Advanced is a 4G technology. 3G offers a vertically- integrated, top-down, serviceprovider approach to delivering wireless Internet access. 3G is a technology for mobile service providers. Auctions for 3G spectrum licenses occurred in a number of countries in 2000 and the first commercial offerings of 3G services began in Japan in October Verizon Wireless has announced "3G" service in portions of its serving territory. 3G offers much narrower bandwidth but over a wider calling area and with more support for rapid movement between base stations. Following table shows the difference between 1G, 2G and 3G in terms of data capacity, technology, standard, frequency and services. Through this table it is understandable that special features of 1G, 2G and 3G. 2.1 Second Generation (2G) Network Digital System: Data Capacity Technology Generation Standard Frequency Services Second Generation (2G) cellular networks, introduced in the late 1980s, are based on digital transmission. Digital transmissions offer several benefits over analog. The 2G second generation mobile communication system is digital system. This system was commercially launched in Finland in This system is still mostly used in different parts of the world. This generation is for data and voice services. In this generation two digital modulation schemes are used; one is time division multiple access (TDMA) and the 1G 2Kbps Analog wireless 2G 10kbps Digital wireless. AMPS TDMA Voice Only Voice data,

3G 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps SMS, MMS, Internet Broad band/ IP technology FDD TDD Table 1 GSM / WCD- WCD- MA/ UMTS/ 2000 2.4 4G Networks Integration System: (GSM) 825-849 (CDM A) 1.6-2.

3 3G 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps SMS, MMS, Internet Broad band/ IP technology FDD TDD Table 1 GSM / WCD- WCD- MA/ UMTS/ G Networks Integration System: (GSM) (CDM A) GHz High speed voice/d ata/vide o In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to the 3G and 2G families of standards. In 2009, the ITU- R organization specified the IMT-Advanced(International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced) requirements for 4G standards, setting peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/sec for high mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 Gbit/sec for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary users). A huge increment in the mobile subscription has made the attention of researchers and industries to move the next generation of mobile wireless technology. The main aim of 4G technology is to provide high speed, high quality, high capacity and low cost services for example voice, multimedia and internet over IP. 4G is totally IP based technology with the capability of 100Mbps and 1Gbps speed for both indoor and outdoor. This generation is in the under development stage. A term MAGIC is used to explain the 4G technology.[6] M= mobile multimedia A= any time any where G= global mobility support I= integrated wireless solution C= customized personal service Figure 1 4G wireless technology should put together different presently existing and prospect wireless network technologies (e.g. OFDM, MC-, LAS- and Network- LMDS) to make sure that free movement and faultless roaming from one technology to another is achieved [6]. The technologies under the 4G umbrella are; one is LTE (Long term evolution) and second is Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access). LTE: Long Term Evolution also known as LTE was developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), a collaboration between groups of telecommunication associations. It was released in the 4 th quarter of LTE supports peak data rates of 100 Mbps in downlink and 50 Mbps in uplink, both reached with 20 spectrum. When using MIMO techniques LTE can even reach up to 300 Mbit/s downlink data rates. It has a variable spectrum, which can be used with 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20. A cell can cover up to 100 km area [7] with slight degradation after 30 km and reach over 200 users per cell (with 5 spectrum). LTE is optimized for low speeds like 0-15 kmph but it suppots also speeds up to 350 kmph. Round-trip times below 10 ms can be accomplished [8]. WiMax: WiMAX is an acronym meaning Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is part of the IEEE standards and was developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). The current WiMAX release supports transfer rates up to 46 Mbps in downlink and 4 Mbps in uplink using 10 system bandwidth [9]. The WiMAX system supports scalable system bandwidth using time division duplex (TDD). So it can use 3.5, 5, 7, 8.75 and 10 as system bandwidth [10]. Maximum coverage with the technology is 50 km for fixed usage and up to 5 km for mobile usage. WiMAX focuses on nomadic mobility but it supports also vehicular speeds up to 120 kmph. WiMAX is a flat, all IP-based architecture [11] G Networks - Real Wireless World System: 5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a name used in some research papers and projects to denote the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G/IMT- Advanced standards effective since At present, 5G is not a term officially used for any particular specification or in any official document yet made public by telecommunication companies or standardization bodies such as 3GPP, WiMAX Forum, or ITU-R. New standard releases beyond 4G are in progress by standardization bodies, but

4 are at this time not considered as new mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella. The 5th wireless mobile internet networks are real wireless world which shall be supported by LAS-, OFDM, MC-, UWB, Network-LMDS and IPv6. IPv6 is a basic protocol for running on both 4G and 5G. [12][13] The problem is that 5G is designed for World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW) to mobile users based on network access management, but IPv6 assigns any IP address to any mobile node based on location management. This will cause 5G wireless networks resources waste and the IPv6 is difficulty working on the World Wide Wireless Web (WWWW). In order to solve this problem, they user the bandwidth optimization control protocol and the mixbandwidth data path for future 5G real wireless world. The bandwidth optimization control protocol (BOCP) is implemented in between MAC layer and TCP/IP layer, which is used to establish the mix-bandwidth.[13] the upper network layer and for interface, the lower network layer. This is an initial design for internet, where all the routing will be based on IP addresses which should be different in each IP network world wide [14]. In wireless radio interface the higher bit rate is a big loss; in 5G this loss is controlled by using open transport protocol (OTP). The transport layer and session layer in 5G network sport this protocol. The application layer is for quality of service management over different type of networks. Figure 3 Figure 2 Were a 5G family of standards to be implemented, it would likely be around the year 2020, according to some sources. A new mobile generation has appeared every 10th year since the first 1G system (NMT) was introduced in 1981, including the 2G (GSM) system that started to roll out in 1992, 3G (W-/FOMA), which appeared in 2001, and "real" 4G standards fulfilling the IMT- Advanced requirements, that were ratified in 2011 and products expected in Predecessor technologies have occurred on the market a few years before the new mobile generation, for example the pre-3g system One/IS95 in 1995, and the pre-4g systems Mobile Wi- MAX and LTE in 2005 and 2009 respectively.[13] The important features of 5G technology includes bidirectional larger bandwidth, less traffic, equally availability of network across the world, 25Mbps connectivity speed, data bandwidth higher than 1GB and low-cost. In 5G wireless network physical layer and data link layer defines the wireless technology. The two layers define that the 5G wireless technology is like open wireless architecture (OWA). Following table shows the difference between 4G and 5G in terms of data capacity, technology, standard, frequency and services are explained in the following Table 2 and also through the table separate features of 4G and 5G are understandable. The 5G is complete wireless communication system having no limitation and is called as Real world wireless or WWWW worldwide wireless web [6]. The 5G technology mobile phone shall maintain virtual multi-wireless network. For this, the network layer should be divided into two sub layers. For mobile terminal,

5 5G Data Capacity 200Mbp s-to- 1Gbps Higher than 1Gbps 3 CONCLUSION IPv6 High capacity, speed, video, multimedia,,interne t over IP IPbroadband,L AN/WA N/PAN and wwww Table 2 Generation 4G Technology LTE,WiMax Standard IPbroadband,L AN/WA N/PAN and wwww Frequency 2 to 8 GHz (G SM) MH z(cdm A) Services IP formation access, wearable device with AI capabilites In this paper, we have reviewed the 1st, 2nd and 3 rd generation mobile communication technology and forecasted the future generations of 4th, 5 th generation. In order to provide wireless mobile internet to users as the same quality as the fixed internet networks, 4G shall integrate current existing cellular networks and Wireless LAN with fixed internet networks. Thus, the feature of 4G is one word - integration. This kind of integration may cause the handoff issue once the mobile users moving from one technology to another, which limit the movement of mobile users. The Mix bandwidth data path is designed to solve this problem and make the 5G in real wireless world. It can be introduced around the year 2020 effectively. The technologies discussed in this paper are utmost important and so mu in demand. Especially the 4 G and 5 G are complementary not competing technologies with other. [4] Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu; Dr. JyotsnaSengupta; Divya 2009 Evolution of Mobile Wireless communication Networks: 1G to 4G IJECT Vo l. 1, Is s u E1, DE C E m b E r 2010 [5] Comparative Study of 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G.Sapna Shukla,Varsha Khare, Shubhanshi Garg,Paramanand Sharma, Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication, RKGITW, Ghaziabad Journal of Engineering, Computers & Applied Sciences (JEC&AS) ISSN No: Volume 2, No.4, April 2013 [6] Xichun Li, AbudullaGani, RosliSalleh, Omar Zakaria The Future of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks, 2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks [7+ C. Krapichler, Lte, hspa and mobile wimax a comparison of technical performance, in Hot Topics Forum: LTE vs Wi- MAX and Next Generation Internet, 2007 Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2007, pp [8+ Long term evolution (lte): A technical overview, Motorola,Inc.,Schaumburg,IL [Online].Available: Technical Overview.pdf. [9] M. Chang, Z. Abichar, and C.-Y. Hsu, Wimax or lte: Who will lead the broadband mobile internet? IT Professional, vol. 12, no. 3, pp , [10+ F. Wang, A. Ghosh, C. Sankaran, and P. Fleming, Wimax overview and system performance, in Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC-2006 Fall IEEE 64th, 2006, pp.1 5. [11] S. Chia, T. Gill, L. Ibbetson, D. Lister, A. Pollard, R. Irmer, D. Almodovar, N. Holmes, and S. Pike, 3g evolution, Microwave Magazine, IEEE, vol. 9, no. 4, pp , [12] [13] [14] Wireless-System.php REFERENCES *1+ Chen, YP; Yang, YH (2007), A new 4G architecture providing multimode terminals always best connected services, IEEE Wireless Communications, Volume: 14 Issue: 2 pp [2] Amit Kumar, Dr. Yunfei Liu; Dr. JyotsnaSengupta; Divya 2010 Evolution of Mobile Wireless communication Networks: 1G to 4GIJECT Vo l. 1, Is s u E 1,DE CE m be r [3] Xichun Li, AbudullaGani, RosliSalleh, Omar Zakaria 2009 The Future of Mobile Wireless Communication Networks, 2009 International Conference on Communication Software and Networks

4G Technology in contrast with other G Technologies Raja Solanki,Vineeet Godara, Prashant Solanki, Dhronacharya Engineering College,Gurgaon,India

4G Technology in contrast with other G Technologies Raja Solanki,Vineeet Godara, Prashant Solanki, Dhronacharya Engineering College,Gurgaon,India Technology in contrast with other G Technologies Raja Solanki,Vineeet Godara, Prashant Solanki, Dhronacharya Engineering College,Gurgaon,India Abstract-Wireless services have the highest demand in internet