Communications Research in Switzerland: A Brief History and a Look Forward
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1 Opening of the Nokia Research Center Lausanne, June Communications Research in Switzerland: A Brief History and a Look Forward Martin Vetterli and Jacques Bovay EPFL School of Computer and Communication Sciences School of Engineering
2 Outline 1. A bit of history Where it all began, Marconi and the others Geneva as a center for telecommunication policy Industrial research laboratories The federal institutes of technology 2. State of affairs Communications and Computer Sciences at EPFL Some research examples The NCCR MICS and interdisciplinary research 3. Pervasive Communications What is pervasive communication? Socio_Geo_Graphs (SGG s) Image annotation 4. Open Innovation and Start-ups Innovation models and industrial collaborations The start-up scene around EPFL and in Switzerland 5. Conclusions Nokia Research Center - 2
3 Telephony in Switzerland: The early history Telephony in Switzerland is not only about throwing cables over valleys with rockets or installing lines in remote, snowy areas or trimming trees to let lines through! Nokia Research Center - 3
4 Switzerland and international telecommunications Geneva as headquarters of the main world organizations and events ITU, the leading United Nations agency for information and communication technologies (radiocommunication, standardization and development) ITU Telecom World Exhibition and Forum (1999, 2003, 2009) ISO, International Organization for Standardization Nokia Research Center - 4
5 1852: launch of the telegraph network 1866: Switzerland has the highest density of telegraph offices in Europe 1878: the first Swiss telephone network is set up in Zurich 1881: first public telephone stations 1890: introduction of telephone numbers 1895: Marconi performs one of his first wireless transmissions in Salvan 1917: first semi-automatic public switchboard 1924: first automatic public exchange 1936: first coin-operated public telephone 1959: the Swiss network is the world's first fully automated telephone network 1978: launch of a mobile telephone network for vehicles 1987: launch of the NATEL C network (paves the way for modern mobile telephony) 1988: launch of Switzerland's first digital telecommunication network 1992: launch of NATEL D (digital, cellular mobile telephone network) 1996: launch of NATEL EASY, first prepaid mobile JF Zürcher History of telephone in Switzerland Nokia Research Center - 5
6 Communication systems research: a long tradition in Switzerland IBM Research Lab 1982: Gottfried Ungerboeck invents the trellis-coded modulation (International Marconi Award, the Nobel Prize of communication, in 1996) : The Token Ring technology is developed BBC and now ABB research Gustav Guanella, Swiss pioneer of noise-modulated radar and speech privacy systems (over 100 patents!), UWB in 1930 s and 1940 s First data transmission at carrier frequency (1963) A famous swiss coding theorist Marcel J.E. Golay ( ), Dr h.c. EPFL 1977, Complementary code sequences, perfect codes A famous researcher and educator Jim Massey, coding theorist and cryptographer Marconi award Prof. em. ETHZ and friend of EPFL! The Token Ring architecture Nokia Research Center - 6
7 Nearly 2 decades of communication systems development at EPFL 1990: A new curriculum in communication systems (SSC) is defined 1991: The Eurécom Institute opens in Sophia Antipolis and the IDIAP Research Institute is inaugurated in Martigny 1993: The first diplomas in communication systems are awarded 1996: The Graduate School in Communication Systems opens at EPFL 1997: - the 1 st cycle in communication systems is created students integrate SSC - the program becomes the most popular at EPFL 2000: Department of Communication Systems (DSC) is created 2001: National Center of Competence in Research on Mobile Information and Communication Systems (NCCR MICS) starts, with DSC as Leading House 2002: Communication systems and computer science merge into the I&C School (~30 professors) 2008: - the I&C School includes 50+ professors and MER s - the Doctoral Program in Computer, Communication and Information Sciences includes 320+ students Nokia Research Center - 7
8 EPFL - Some hot topics in communication and information systems UWB Ranging through obstacles and with interferers (Le Boudec) Percolation model for wireless networks with interferences (Thiran) Raptor codes (Shokrollahi) Crossing the Shannon barrier with multiple antennas (Telatar) Secure vehicular networks (Hubaux) Nokia Research Center - 8
9 EPFL - Some hot topics in communication and information systems Multiview imaging and camera networks Geodesic walk in a multimedia dataset Image and video coding - 3DTV - new representations and compression - Color Image processing and analysis - Face recognition - Vision Image communications - P2P streaming Spatial audio - MPEG-surround - AEC Teams of Ebrahimi, Faller, Frossard, Fua, Thiran, Susstrunk, Vandergheynst et al Nokia Research Center - 9
10 NCCR Mobile Information and Communications: The network Uni Basel Uni Neuchâtel CSEM, Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology Uni Bern University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland ETHZ EPFL (Leading House) Uni Lausanne Uni Lugano Nokia Research Center - 10
11 NCCR MICS interdisciplinary applications example SensorScope ( Goal: use of wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring in the alps Completely reproducible, open access, open source Many real deployments Urban meteorology (110 stations on EPFL campus) Alpine deployment: Glacier, Rock glacier Inexpensive, autonomous, ad hoc networking Team: G. Barrenetxea, F.Ingelrest, M.Krichane, G.Schaefer, M.Parlange + EFLUM Nokia Research Center - 11
12 3. Pervasive Communications Mobile phones everywhere: 1 mio/day just from Nokia! Services growing: Location based, ads, markets Demands increasing: convergence computing/communication Possible conditions for a pervasive communication project Service oriented Mobile phone a necessity Take advantage of Europe and Switzerland Take advantage of campus High visibility (at Nokia, in the media) Good for the world (and EPFL and Nokia as well) At the intersection of mobiles, location based services and social networks Let s see some SocioLocation: SGG s Interfaces: Image annotation Nokia Research Center - 12
13 Peer-to-Peer: An Old Idea Milgrams 1967 Experiment 160 letters passed from person to person (known on a first-name basis), from randomly-chosen initial recipients in Nebraska to a Boston addressee Result: the transmission required 6 steps on average Applies to other networks, spread of information (rumors), diseases, etc. Small world modeled in particular by Watts and Strogatz Boston Nebraska Nokia Research Center - 13
14 Socio-Geo-Graphs (SGG) Friends in a geographical areas Location and social graph, temporary Nokia Research Center - 14
15 Socio-Geo-Graphs (SGG) Family members Social graph, always on, available Nokia Research Center - 15
16 Socio-Geo-Graphs (SGG) People willing to sell me a ticket for tonight s concert Geolocation + reputation graph + market Nokia Research Center - 16
17 Socio-Geo-Graphs (SGG) SGG s GPS enabled mobile phones Social network structure Services with users and providers Structure central to computation, security Obvious questions: Ad hoc network, routing Data mining Machine learning Reputation system Market design Security, Legal issues Applications: Self-organized, real-time, GPS based car-pooling Geo-localized market, adverts OpenStreetMap Nokia Research Center - 17
18 Interfaces: Image annotation Now: take a picture Locate on map Download to site Comment Obvious questions: Dual case Feasibility Applications Nokia Research Center - 18
19 Interfaces: Image annotation An annotated picture is worth a thousand words! A mobile GPS enabled phone with camera Orientation + vision based tracking (Fua & CVLab) Geo database Service providers Applications You name it! Nokia Research Center - 19
20 4. Open Innovation Open innovation is the use of purposive inflows and outflows of knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and expand the markets for external use of innovation, respectively. H. Chesbrough, Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley EPFL's willingness to try various ways for industrial collaboration Vice-Presidency for Innovation and Technology Transfer Prof. J.A.Manson & team Active IP policy Licensing Incubator Innogrants Logitech Lab at EPFL The Garage Nokia Research Center - 20
21 VC-backed start-ups and early stage start-ups GPS (ETHZ) Quoted on SWX and CHF20M before IPO Media and images (EPFL) $15M+, Vinci IT Security (EPFL) $5M+, VI, Auriga GPS (Ticino, ETHZ) about $50M Oak DRAM (EPFL) $46M with Index, Austin TV Tunes (EPFL team based in SV/CH), $10M ScanLight (EPFL) KeyLemon (IDIAP) Desktop Security LiberoVision (ETHZ) Emitall (EPFL) Video Security Nokia Research Center - 21
22 5. Conclusions Exciting day for research in communication and information sciences The potential for new results is huge The sweet spot of mobility, location and services is a key area Huge amounts of data are available, just put them to use Potential for key collaboration Many areas of common interest Strong willingness to work together Opportunities for start-ups ;) Good technology and good science! It is a pleasure to work together! Nokia Research Center - 22
23 Thank you for your attention! Questions? Nokia Research Center - 23
24 Acknowledgements and credits ABB IBM Research Zurich Lab Direction générale des PTT / Swisscom High Frequency Electronics Pascal Frossard Pascal Fua Jean-Pierre Hubaux ITU Placidus Jaeger Kudelski Group Jean-Yves Le Boudec Hervé Lebret LiberoVision Logitech Magnetlab, Uni Florida Alcherio Martinoli Jim Massey Phonak Amin Shorollahi SpinetiX Emre Telatar Patrick Thiran Wikipedia JF. Zürcher Nokia Research Center - 24
25 Telecom research in Switzerland: Swisscom, Kudelski, Logitech etc Telecom PTT Natel easy (1996): pre-paid mobile for the first time world-wide Swisscom Mobile unlimited (2004): a standalone mobile internet solution (patented, first in the world in terms service launch) Nagra-Kudelski: a reference in portable audio recording and security equipment since Logitech a name linked with the mouse and PC peripheral equipment history since EPFL since Phonak hearing aids and local wireless communication since 1947 Nokia Research Center - 25
26 Academic research: ETHZ James L. Massey and crew James L. Massey: information theorist and cryptographer. Berlekamp-Massey algorithm to linear codes Design (with Xuejia Lai) of the block ciphers IDEA and SAFER Massey-Omura cryptosystem International Marconi Award in 1999 Great educator: Rainer Rueppel, founder of R3 Ueli Maurer, now in the ETHZ faculty Xuejia Lai, now Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the prestigious Shanghai Jiaotong University Great friend of EPFL ;) Helped shape Communications Systems An encryption round of IDEA Nokia Research Center - 26
27 Start-ups and spin-offs EPFL BrainHolding: fibre-optic networks Camptocamp: IT software services Dartfish: video software solutions JAST: antennas for mobile and space applications Leman Silicon Solution: integrated solutions for telecoms and multimedia Sensile Technologies: sensors and telemetry systems Shockfish: SpotMe (networking people in events), TinyNode (sensor networks, co-development with the NCCR MICS) Silentoil: sensor networks and solutions for remote energy management SpinetiX: networked digital video Switzernet: telephone services Wavecall: radio propagation prediction ETHZ Celestrius: high-performance wireless solutions kooaba: new mobile services LiberoVision: imagery solution for sport broadcasting Semantic Technologies Others IP01: intelligent monitoring solutions and services Nokia Research Center - 27
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