E-waste - An International Perspective Russ Martin President, Global Product Stewardship Council

Transcription

1 E-waste - An International Perspective Russ Martin President, Global Product Stewardship Council WasteMINZ Conference Hamilton, New Zealand 17 October, 2012

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4 Potential US Financial Benefit as of 2010 Product Total Financial Benefit Avg. Per Capita Electronics $658 million $2.13 Paint $609 million $1.97 Medical sharps (home) $198 million $0.64 Batteries (primary) $247 million $0.80 Batteries (secondary) $ 74 million $0.24 Fluorescent lamps (household) $ 87 million $0.28 Thermostats (mercury) $ 46 million $0.15 Pesticides $ 40 million $0.13 Phone books $ 40 million $0.13 Total Potential Financial Benefit for US = $2 billion/yr *Based on an estimated US population of 309,101,167 (U.S. Census Bureau, April 2010) ** Values in US$ Source: Product Stewardship Institute

5 Resource Significance of WEEE* WRAP Modelling Between now & 2020, 12MT of WEEE in the UK ¼ is ICT equipment, consumer electronics, display devices will contain 63 T of palladium & 17 T of Indium At current market values, precious metals in WEEE worth: 1bn worth of silver 5bn worth of gold 1bn worth of palladium Almost ¼ of all WEEE taken to UK recycling centres can be reused: worth more than 200m in gross revenue each year could make 100T of rare earths (~10% of UK demand) available again WEEE = waste electrical and electronic equipment

6 Resource Significance of WEEE Mobile Phones For every tonne of components recovered, 10 tonnes of greenhouse gases are avoided Recycling 50,000 handsets avoids the need to mine: 110 tonnes of gold ore 213 tonnes of silver-bearing ore 11 tonnes of copper sulphide ore Source: MobileMuster

7 Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals United Nations Environment Programme report: recycling rates of metals are in many cases far lower than their potential for reuse less than one-third of 60 metals studied have an EOL recycling rate above 50% 34 elements are below 1% recycling: Lithium batteries (hybrids & electric vehicles) Gallium, Germanium, Indium, Tellurium solar rare earth metals catalysts, batteries, permanent magnets for electric drives, wind turbines, phosphors for smart phones, ipads, TVs, computers, energy efficient light globes, etc. abid/56073/default.aspx

8 Low Recycling Rates of Certain Metals Potential consequences: scarcity of key resources availability and cost direct impacts on sustainability inhibition of Green Economy development need for greater urban mining of resources largest recycling park in China 1MT copper/yr largest copper mine in China less than half that recycling rates for platinum % for industrial apps, 0-5% for electronics Product stewardship as a risk management and geopolitical strategy ls/tabid/56073/default.aspx

9 US EPR Laws as of October 2012 Source: Product Stewardship Institute

10 US EPR Laws as of October 2012 Product No. of laws Source: Product Stewardship Institute States with EPR laws Electronics 24* CT, HI, IL, IN, ME, MD, MI, MN, MO, NC, NJ, NY, OK, OR, PA, RI, SC, TX, UT, VA, VT, WA, WV, WI Auto Switches 15 AR, IL, IN, IA, LA, ME, MD, MA, NJ, NC, RI, SC, UT, VA, VT Thermostats (Hg) 10 CA, CT, IA, IL, ME, MT, NH, PA, RI, VT Batteries 9 CA, FL, IA, ME, MD, MN, NJ, NY, VT Paint 4 CA, CT, OR, RI Fluorescent Lamps 3 ME, VT, WA Carpet 1 CA Pesticide Containers 1 CA Framework 1 ME * CA was the first state to pass an electronics law, but it is based on an advance recycling fee.

11 Canadian EPR and Product Stewardship Programs August 2012 Source: Encorp Pacific (Canada)

12 Australia s Product Stewardship Act 2011 Framework Criteria for prioritisation: National markets Hazardous substances Business opportunities Consumer willingness to pay Significant costs associated with end-of-life management Material conservation and resource recovery, and associated benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions $147 million net savings

13 Australia s TV & Computer Recycling Scheme Liable parties Co-regulatory arrangements approved by the Minister (or delegate) achieve outcomes, specified in the Regulations, on behalf of liable parties Reasonable access to collections by December 2013 Annual recycling targets 30% in rising to 80% in Material recovery target takes effect FY % of the weight of material recycled in a financial year is sent for further processing into useable materials

14 The EC s Three-tier Policy Structure Framework legislation The Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) (the WFD) The Waste Shipment Regulation (EC) no. 1013/2006 Waste treatment legislation The Landfill Directive (1999/71/EC) The Waste Incineration Directive (2000/76/EC) Future recycling standards, to be based on the WFD Producer responsibility legislation The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC) The End of Life Vehicles Directive (2000/53/EC) The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (2002/96/EC) The Batteries and Accumulators Directive (2006/66/EC)

15 WEEE Directive Recast New collection targets - 85% of WEEE generated ~10 million tons (~20 kg per capita) to be separately collected from 2019 onwards. Existing EU collection target is 4 kg of WEEE per capita Greater ability for EU Member States to fight illegal waste exports Harmonisation of registration and reporting requirements

16 Representative Asian Programs China WEEE Japan Law for the Promotion of Effective Utilization of Resources Law for the Recycling of Specified Kinds of Home Appliances South Korea Taiwan Thailand Economic responsibility usually rests with manufacturers Physical responsibility is usually less clear Source: Perchards,

17 British Columbia All WEEE subject to EPR Electronics and Electrical Category designated for EPR under the BC Recycling Regulation was expanded in 2009 requires producers to collect & recycle the products they make & sell As of July 1, 2012, BC s EPR recycling addresses the largest variety of WEEE of any jurisdiction in North America. If it comes with a battery or a plug, BC now recycles it.

18 British Columbia All WEEE subject to EPR - 2 The BC WEEE programs started out recycling computers, televisions, keyboards and printers. The BC WEEE programs now also collect: all batteries, mobile phones, thermostats, fluorescent lamps, lighting equipment, smoke detectors, small and large appliances, electrical and electronic tools, medical devices, automatic dispensers, toys, musical instruments, leisure and sports equipment, monitoring and control instruments, IT and telecommunications equipment and accessories for use with any e-waste products.

19 Importance of Responsible Recycling Legal prosecution Health and safety of workers and general public Environmental damage from spills or accidents Arrangements could lose approvals Reputational damage

20 Importance of Responsible Recycling - 2

21 Standards for Management & Recycling Australia Interim Industry Standard for TVs & computers adopted May 2011 Draft Australian/New Zealand Standard for WEEE released for comment March 2012 revisions to be released October 2012 e-stewards developed and led by the Basel Action Network Responsible Recycling (R2) WEEELABEX Normative Document on Treatment developed and led by the WEEE Forum

22 Standards for Management & Recycling - 2 Electronics Product Stewardship Canada Recycler Qualification Program for End of Life Electronics Recycling Recycler qualifications that must be met by any recycler bidding to process WEEE include downstream tracking for hazardous components, onsite inspection at second tier processors prohibition against export to non-oecd countries Recycler qualification assessment is administered by the national organisation Electronic Product Recycling Association

23 Trends to Consider Expanded range of products within electronics e.g., in British Columbia beyond electronics Consolidated collections simplified education potential economies of scale Collaborative multi-stakeholder approaches greater engagement of local governments Partnership for Action on Computing Equipment (PACE), a Basel Convention partnership with industry, NGOs and other stakeholders Sustainability Victoria efforts on batteries (and paint)

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