PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

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1 Mestrado em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Arquitecturas de Redes 2 - Network Architectures 2 1

Addressing Architecture Addressing and routing can be considered separated architectures; However, they are closely coupled in the network, so they are considered as parts of a single architecture.

2 Addressing Architecture Addressing and routing can be considered separated architectures; However, they are closely coupled in the network, so they are considered as parts of a single architecture. Addressing, has elements at the link and physical layers (e.g., Ethernet addresses). Routing (bridging) occur primarily at the physical, datalink, and network layers Switching can occur at any layer in the protocol stack. 2

Routing consists of learning about the reachability within and between networks and then applying this

3 Addressing Architecture Addressing is assigning local or global, private or public, temporary or persistent, identifiers to devices. Routing consists of learning about the reachability within and between networks and then applying this reachability information to forward IP packets toward their destinations. These two processes, in combination with the addressing element of the architecture, provide a complete picture of network connectivity. 3

4 Addressing Architecture 4

5 Addressing Architecture When applying subnetting, variable-length subnetting, classful addressing, supernetting, private addressing and NAT, and dynamic addressing, we want to make sure that our network addresses and masks will scale to the sizes of the areas they will be assigned. 5

Addressing Architecture To scale the network addressing, we will use the numbers of: Functional areas within the network Workgroups within each functional area

6 Addressing Architecture To scale the network addressing, we will use the numbers of: Functional areas within the network Workgroups within each functional area Subnets within each workgroup Total numbers of subnets (current and future) in the organization Total numbers of devices (current and future) within each subnet 6

7 Addressing Architecture 7

8 Addressing Architecture (example) Hierarchies of variable-length subnetting, both internal and external to the network 8

Routing Strategy Routers learn reachability either statically or

reachability is learned dynamically through the use of a routing

9 Routing Strategy Routers learn reachability either statically or dynamically. To learn reachability statically, routers must have the information configured into them by network personnel Typically, reachability is learned dynamically through the use of a routing protocol. Routing protocols, such as RIP/RIPv2, OSPF, and BGP4, provide the mechanism for routers to learn reachability. 9

10 Routing Strategy Routers forward packets based on reachability. 10

11 Routing Strategy Usually there is also a default route, which is the route used when there is no other route for that destination. It is the route of last resort and is useful when a lot of traffic flows toward one upstream router or network (e.g., a home or business connection to an ISP). Routers also look at labels in a packet and use that information for routing. Multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) uses this mechanism. 11

boundaries and routing flows. Functional areas (FA) are groups within the system that share a similar function.

12 Routing Strategy The process of establishing routing flows in the network consists of segmenting the network into functional areas and workgroups, identifying boundaries between these areas, and then forming the relationships between boundaries and routing flows. Functional areas (FA) are groups within the system that share a similar function. Workgroups (WG) are groups of users that have common locations, applications, and requirements, or that belong to the same organization. 12

13 Routing Strategy (Example of FA and WG) 13

14 Routing Strategy Routing boundaries are physical or logical separations of a network, based on requirements or administration of that network. Physical boundaries can be identified by isolation LANs or demilitarized zones (DMZs); physical interfaces on network equipment; or physical security. Logical boundaries can be identified by functional areas, workgroups, administrative domains, such as autonomous systems (ASs), and routing management domains. 14

$\ A network used to separate other networks (provide a buffer between them) is often termed an isolation LAN$

15 Routing Strategy There are two general types of routing protocols: Exterior gateway protocols (EGPs) communicate routing information (reachability and metrics) primarily between ASs. Interior gateway protocols (IGPs) communicate routing information primarily within an AS.\ A network used to separate other networks (provide a buffer between them) is often termed an isolation LAN (ilan). Another term for isolation LAN is demilitarized zone, or DMZ. 15

16 Routing Strategy Depending on the type of network being developed, the set of candidate addressing and forwarding mechanisms for a component architecture can be quite different: A service-provider network may focus on mechanisms such as supernetting, CIDR, multicasts, peering, routing policies, and confederations a medium-sized enterprise network would more likely be on private addressing and network address translation, subnetting, VLANs, switching, and the choice and locations of routing protocols 16

17 Interactions within Addressing Architecture 17

18 External Relationships Interactions between addressing/routing and network management. Addressing/routing can be used to configure boundaries for network management. For example, autonomous system (AS) boundaries indicate where one management domain ends and another begins. Interactions between addressing/routing and performance. Performance can be closely coupled with addressing/ routing through mechanisms such as MPLS, Differentiated and Integrated Services, and RSVP. 18

19 External Relationships Interactions between addressing/routing and security. Security mechanisms are often intrusive as they intercept, inspect, and control network access and traffic. Network address translation (NAT) can be used to enhance security as well as provide private addressing space for a network. 19

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References and Readings " Documents: " McCabe, J. D., CHAPTER 5: Network Architecture in Network analysis, architecture, and Design, Third Edition. The Morgan Kaufmann series in networking.

21 References and Readings " Documents: " McCabe, J. D., CHAPTER 5: Network Architecture in Network analysis, architecture, and Design, Third Edition. The Morgan Kaufmann series in networking. Amsterdan, Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, " MMonteiro, E. and Boavida F., Capítulo 9: Planeamento e Projecto in Engenharia de Redes Informáticas, FCA-Editora de Informática, 10ª Edição,

PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

Mestrado em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores PLANEAMENTO E GESTÃO DE REDES INFORMÁTICAS COMPUTER NETWORKS PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT 2010-2011 Arquitecturas de Redes 3 Gestão de Redes e Serviços -