Dr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET
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1 Dr. Monir Hossen ECE, KUET 1
2 Technology Roadmap and Standards Mobility High Speed Medium Speed 1G ( Analog ) 2G ( Digital ) CDMA/GSM/TDMA 3G (IMT 2000) CDMA2000 EV-DO Rev.A W-CDMA/HSDPA 3G LTE Mobile WiMAX (802.16e) 4G Low Speed AMPS PAN 2.4 GHz WLAN b Bluetooth 5 GHz WLAN a/g High speed WLAN ~ 14.4 kbps 144 kbps 384 kbps <50 Mbps WPAN UWB <100 Mbps Data Rates AMPS = Advanced Mobile Phone System IMT=International Mobile Telecommunications
3 Data Networks A computer network or data network is a teleco mmunications network which allows nodes/ end points/ access terminals to share resources. In data networks, the computing devices exchan ge data with each other using a data link. The connections between nodes are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known data network is the Internet
4 Example of Data Networks Partial map of the Internet ba sed on the Jan uary 15, Data found on opte.org. Each line is dr awn between t wo nodes, repr esenting two IP addresses
5 Current Internet Users in the World
6 Global Internet Traffic Growth Rate 1 Exabyte = (1024) 6 bytes
7 Top 10 Worldwide Average Internet Speeds Country Avg. Mbps % Above 4 Mbps % Above 10 Mbps % Above 15 Mbps Global Average South Korea % 80.5% 62.6% Sweden % 59.5% 42.4% Norway % 61.8% 44.7% Japan % 62.8% 40.3% Netherlands % 64.5% 38.8% Hong Kong % 61.1% 37.8% Switzerland % 62.1% 37.5% Latvia % 54.1% 37% Finland % 57.4% 34.4% Denmark % 60.1% 37.7% Bangladesh 2.7 Mbps, India 2.8 Mbps
8 Access Network Structures
9 Hierarchical Network Structure WAN MAN from Broadband Access Network Options (numbers represents USA statistics) by Rich Wagner, Corning Incorporated, April 22,
10 Hierarchical Network Structure (1/2) WAN : between cities, owned by telecom service providers MAN : between buildings within a city LAN : used in a building, factory, campus, owned by a single organization Access Network : extend from CO to individual businesses or homes, owned by service providers, distributes & collects traffic 10
11 Network Terminology (1/2) 11
12 Network Terminology (2/2) 12
13 Access Network Model (1/2) HFC = Hybrid fibre-coaxial, adsl=asymmetric digital subscriber line vdsl = Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 13
14 Access Network Model (2/2) Digital DBS DMB ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line DBS : Direct Broadcast Satellite DMB: Digital Multimedia Broadcast FTTC : Fiber To The Curb HFC : Hybrid Fiber Coaxial LMDS : Local Multipoint Distribution System MMDS : Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution System MSO : Multiple Service Operator MSO /CO MMDS/LMDS Fiber or Wireless ISDN Line (DSL) Twisted-pair Fiber FTTC/FTTO HFC Hub Station Coax 30Mbps Fiber WiMAX WiBro 64Kbps 3Mbps LMDS only 56Kbps 6Mbps 640Kbps ONU Coax or 52Mbps Copper 3Mbps 1Gbps DBS STB/ MMDS/LMDS STB ISDN Adaptor Analog Modem ADSL Modem Cable Modem VDSL Modem FTTH Modem Home Terminal
15 Terminology for Premises MDU (Multi Dwelling Unit): apartment complexes, dormitories MTU (Multi Tenant Unit): office building, office campus MHU (Multiple Hospitality Unit) : hotel, hospital, airport, convention center SDU (Single Dwelling Unit) SFU (Single Family Unit) SOHO (Small Office Home Office) 15
16 Comparison of Access Technologies 16
17 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) Network (1/3) 17
18 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) Network (2/3) Widely used in CATV network Carry broadband content, such as video, data, voice, and Internet files
19 Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial (HFC) Network (3/3) Frequency spectrum of HFC network Return : from user back to head end Broadcast band: analog video distribution, FM sound Narrowcast band: VOD, HDTV, multimedia application 19
20 Digital Subscriber Lines (1/3) T1/E1 Central Office (PSTN) CO Repeater Line Repeater TP (2 pairs) Line Repeater 0.3~1km 1~1.8 km 0.3~1km End User (POTS) HDSL Central Office (PSTN) HDSL CO Unit TP (2 pairs) HDSL RT Unit End User (POTS) ADSL Headend (Video) ADSL CO Unit TP (1 pair) ADSL RT Unit End User (Video) PSTN POTS VDSL Headend (Video) Optical Network Unit VDSL CO Unit TP (1 pair) VDSL RT Unit End User (Video) PSTN SPF POTS HDSL= High-bit-rate digital subscriber line, POTS= Plain old telephone service SPF= Sender Policy Framework 20
21 Digital Subscriber Lines (2/3) Basic ADSL structures 21
22 Digital Subscriber Lines (3/3) 22
23 WiMax (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) IEEE (Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems) target ~ 70 Mbps over 30 miles IEEE (Mobile WiMax ~ transmission to mobile end users) 23
24 PON (Passive Optical Networks) (1/2) Advantages of PON: No active components between the endpoints low maintenance costs high data rate regardless of the access network distance
25 PON (Passive Optical Networks) (2/2) FTTX Scenarios 25
26 PTP (Point-To-Point) Links Competing access network technology Dedicated fibers between a central office and Ethernet switches designated for individual subscribers Each link needs transmitters and receivers Hybrid scheme: Ethernet switch services multiple subscribers
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