IJTRD May-Jun 2016 Available 513

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1 Digital Speedometer with Password Enabled Speed Limiting Feature 1 Mohammad Shahid, 2 Himanshu Gupta, 3 Jitendra Singh Tamang, 1,2,3 Department of E&C Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology (SMIT), Majitar, India Abstract: In this modern era, life without Electronics is unimaginable. With the progressive increase in the number oftraffic and high speed accidents on roads and highways, it has become essential to design such a system that can handle and manage high speed motor vehicles. Digital speedometers, now a days are commonly used in most of the vehicles in order to sense and display their real time operating speed. Though analog speedometers which were commonly used earlier until digital technology in vehicles started to play their part; also used to satisfy the purpose of measuring and displaying the speed of the vehicle,but were not as efficiently accurate as digital speedometers are. The idea of the title is to design such a Digital speedometer which has password and speed limit controlling facility so that it can be helpful in reducing the over speed accidents. Digital speedometer with password enabled speed limiting facility is a different think and technology for automobiles. This instrument is normally used in maintaining the speed in that your vehicle is operating, and is extremely useful in roadways and highways that have a fixed speed limit and also for people who have a tendency of driving in high speeds. The system generally consists of numerical keypad, LCD and microcontroller unit. The speed sensor system is easy to build using IR sensors. LCD and keypad are interfaced with microcontroller. The whole system is accordingly interfaced with each other by proper wiring and suitable programming of the microcontroller unit is done in order to achieve the desired results. Keywords: IR Sensor, Arduino Uno, EL *2 LCD, 4X4 keypad, Relay Control. I. INTRODUCTION With the advancement in technology, the number of electronic devices in our day-to-day lives has increased to make life simpler. Today, with the increase in human population, no. of vehicles has increased a lot as a result of which accidents are increasing day by day.so a necessity of constructing devices that can be useful with their contributions is highly required. The project presents the use of modern electronics to build a system that can provide security towards the increasing no. of road accidents and theft due to over speeding by its ability to have control over the speed of the vehicle with enough security to the user. It also is an efficient system to work as a speedometer. So there are a number of practical applications associated with this system. It is simple, economical, and easy to use and is further upgraded by adding a password-protection to it. Through this, only selected people can access control on the devices. A voice-controlled command could be embedded to make the system more flexible. This paper presents a real time digital speedometer using the IR sensors to read and a 16X2 LCD to display the vehicle speed along with a microcontroller unit (arduino UNO-Atmega 328),a 4X4 keypad and a relay connected with the engine.the system permits the control of relay which controls the acceleration of the vehicle via the ECU(Electronic Control Unit) if it is installed in the vehicle. In our work, the created prototypedirectly controls the motor through the relay imitating the actual mechatronics work which will be via ECU. The microcontroller unit which calculates the speed based on the inputs given by the IR sensors attached near the rotating shaft displays it through the interfaced16x2 LCD as well as activates the speed limiting feature while on exceeding the set limit by taking over the control of the relays. One of the features that is going to be introduced in this project is the creation of the menu driven program which will facilitate the user with password enabled high security, change of password and change of speed limit.the user will be able to set, reset and enter the password and the speed limit which will act as a key parameter for the system based on which the system will notify the user on exceeding the limit and enable speed limiting feature if the user is unable to control the speed in a fixed amount of time. Also, the other feature is to avoid speed limiting feature in emergency situation which is only possible when the user enters the correct password and select the drive option. Relay is connected to the microcontroller along with IC-ULN2003A to prevent damage to the board by regulating the voltages between relay and microcontroller since it is connected to an end of 220V. In the coding part of the project different codes will be assigned to control different devices on the basis of their ASCII values. Some of the salient features of the model are: A user friendly system using menu driven programming logic. Read, calculate and display the speed digitally thus acting as a fully fledged speedometer. Password enabled system to give high security. Design of the logic of speed limiting function. Applications of Relay to prevent damage to the board. II. METHODOLOGY This part introduces our approach of creating a system of a Digital speedometer which is password enabled with speed controlling function. The block diagram consists of five parts as follow: Arduino Uno Board EL *2 LCD 4X4 keypad IR Sensor Relay Control Available Online@ 513

2 First of all we need to include the keypad library of the arduino by the following code: Figure 1: Basic Block Diagram of Digital Speedometer with Password Enable Speed Controlling III. INTERFACING 1. 16*2 LCD INTERFACING WITH ARDUINO UNO ALONG WITH IR SENSOR MODULE: The LCD display unit is interfaced with the Arduino Board as shown in the following visual: #include<keypad.h> Furthermore, one more benefits of using arduino is that it also allows us to interface keys on the analog pins as we have done in our project Now the assignment of the pin-outs and keys are done as follows: const byte ROWS = 4; const byte COLS = 4; char keys[rows][cols] = { {'1','2','3','A'}, {'4','5','6','B'}, {'7','8','9','C'}, {'*','0','#','D'} }; byterowpins[rows] = {3,4,5,6}; //connect to the row pinouts of the keypad bytecolpins[cols] = {A0,A1,A2,A3}; //connect to the column pinouts of the keypad //Keypad customkeypad(makekeymap(keys), rowpins, colpins, ROWS, COLS); //initialize an instance of class NewKeypad Keypad keypad = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowpins, Keypad keypad1 = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowpins, Keypad keypad2 = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowpins, Keypad keypad3 = Keypad(makeKeymap(keys), rowpins, According to the following we have connected kepad pin-outs as follows: Pin 5,6,7,8 of keypad - 3,4,5,6 of arduino Pin 1,2,3,4 of keypad - A0,A1,A2,A3 of arduino. Figure 2: LCD and Arduino Uno Interfacing Here as we can see in the above connection, the LCD Pins 1 and 2 are provided with GND and VCC pins respectively which are made common on the bread board. Further Pin 4 and 6 are connected with Pin 7 and 8 of the microcontroller. Pin no.11, 12, 13 and 14 are connected with pin 9, 10, 11 and 12 of the Arduino. Other connections of the LCD comprises of: Pin 3 is given to the 2ndpin of a potentiometer which is used to vary the potential according to the requirement. Pin 5 and 16 are given to the common ground. Pin 15 to Vcc. 2. INTERFACING OF 4X4KEYPAD WITH ARDUINO: Discussing about the keypad, it is notable that in a 4x4 keypad there are 8 Pin-Outs, 4 each for columns and rows. Details are as mentioned: From right to left: Pin 1, 2, 3 and 4 column pins. Pin 5, 6, 7 and 8 - row pins. Their interfacing with the arduino is very easy as it can be assigned anywhere between digital pin 3 to digital pin 13. It s just that assignment should be down for the assigned pins while writing the code for the interface which in our project is done as follows: Figure 3: 4X4 Keypad and Arduino Uno Board Interfacing 3. INTERFACING OF RELAY WITH ARDUINO: The relay is a marvellous switch providing many kinds of operation. It is a fast action switch that operates at 5V DC supply which it gets through the arduino s VCC and GND Pins. Since relay pins can be interfaced with any of the digital Available Online@ 514

3 IV. RESULTS pins on the arduino from d3 to d13, it is generally preferred on digital Pin 13 as it has a pre-build led on it. Based on the high or low signal sent to this pin the relay switch turns on or off. The motor that is connected with the output end of the relay, turns ON or OFF based on whether the switch is closed or open. The relay output pins comprises of three pins which are as follows: 1. NC stands for Normally Connected.When connected, the switch is on 2. C stands for Common and NO stands for Normally Open. The results obtained during the construction states after necessary troubleshooting were satisfactory. The system was able to respond to its operation of measuring and displaying the speed and act as a fully functional digital speedometer. Also, the designed menu takes user input in the form of password and enables speed limiting feature when it is desired.the speed limiting feature give user the liberty to set new password and speed limit. The whole system uses C programming and sets of arduino library.we also have done quite a work in designing simple yet efficient menu for the ease of users. The security system also works efficiently. It is worth mentioning how fascinating it is to see a designed model working satisfactorily. Figure 4: Interfacing of Relay with Arduino The Flow-Chart used for the Model is being given below: Figure 5: When the Circuit is Turned ON Figure 5 shows all the components after their respective connections have been done. Here the LCD display shows the very first view of the menu driven program where it asks for the entry of the master password through the keypad (Figure 6). Figure 6: Enter Password Figure 7 shows the next display that comes after the correct password is entered by the user. Figure 7: Correct Password Entered Figure 8: Menu after Correct Password Entry Available Online@ 515

4 After the user enters the correct password, he gets two options in the form of Drive and Settings which further allows him to access another feature of the menu driven program through which he can also avail the facility of driving the vehicle without the restriction of the speed limiting feature on the vehicle (note that this menu will only be displayed after the entry of correct master password) if he selects drive option. Furthermore the second option i.e. Settings allows the user to access a beautiful feature of the menu driven program where he has the liberty of resetting the master password as well as define new speed limits for the vehicle. Figure 9: Drive Option Selected (No Speed Limiting Feature) Figure 13: Incorrect Password Entered Figure 10: Settings Option Selected Figure 11: Change Password Option Selected Figure 14: Speedometer with Speed Limiting Feature Is ON After Wrong Password Entry Figure 15: Warning For Exceeding The Limit Figure 12: Speedometer with Speed Limiting Feature Is ON After Changing Password After the system is reset the display shows figure 6 Enter Password. If the user givesa wrong master password the system displays as in figure 12 and automatically activates our designed speed limiting feature where the user will not be allowed to exceed the pre stored speed limit value at any cost. Figure 16: Display of Motor Going Off Available Online@ 516

5 Figure 17: Motor Is OFF Due To Exceeding Limit Here, in Figure 16 as we can see the interfaced relay and IC ULN 2003A board which is connected to the prototype model of a vehicle in the form of AC motor takes over the control and acts as a switching device to turn the motor off after the user fails to stay under present speed limit. It further enables the switch to turn ON whenever power is reset. This means that the user will again be asked for the password failing for which he will again have to drive staying under the limits. CONCLUSION Designing and implementation of a system which can provide data in real time and can be compatible with almost all the vehicle was of a truth a fascinating task to undergo. The climax of the whole process was to see that the hardware and software implementation are working as desired after several process of trial and adjustment. It has given us a great deal of insight into the field of electronics and the use of microcontrollers in day to day life and in designing and implementing smart systems which can be beneficial to common people. The theories of microcontrollers and digital electronics as well as embedded systems which we have being learning from our curriculum were made more practicable. The ability to be able to effect control over the system is quite helpful. By this digital speedometer we can control the over speed of vehicle and also protect it from theft. By it we observe that consumption of fuel will decreases. This is cost effective product, and also the life is higher than that of the analog speedometer. This product is very useful for vehicles. References [1] Patel Nishit, Patel Nirmal, PrajapatiMayank, Panchal Pratik, Rami Dipen- Digital Speedometer with Password and Speed Limit Controlling : Electronics & Communication Department, Government engineering college, Bharuch [2] Ch. Naga Koti Kumar, Y.V. Raghu Babu, A. Gamya, P.Jainath, M. Vijay - Design and Development of Activation and Controlling Of Home Automation System VIA SMS through Microcontroller - International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr [3] G.RaghaVendran (Instrumentation and control engineering. Sri Sairam engineering college, Anna University,Chennai, India) - Sms Based Wirelss Home Appliance Control System International Conference on Life Science and Technology IPCBEE vol.3 (2011) (2011)IACSIT Press, Singapore [4] Theodore S. Rappaport (2008) Wireless Communication Prentice Hall PTR [5] Vijay Kumar Garg, Joseph E. Wilikes (October 1998) Principle and Applications of GSM Prentice Hall PTR. [6] Jump up^ Williams, Henry Smith. "A History of Science Volume II, Part VI:The Leyden Jar Discovered". [7] Amos, S. W.; Roger Amos (2002). Newnes Dictionary of Electronics, 4th Ed. US:Newnes. [8] R.S Gaonkar Microprocessor architecture programming and application WILEY EASTERN LTD, NEWDELHI [9] Daniel.W.Lewis Fundamental of embedded software prentice hall of India, 2004 [10] William Stalling Wireless communication and networks, 2nd edition, 2005 prentice hall of India Available Online@ 517