XBee Based Garbage Pits Monitoring System with Information Updating To the Department

Transcription

1 XBee Based Garbage Pits Monitoring System with Information Updating To the Department Introduction: Generally, the solid waste is defined from household s refusal and non-hazardous wastes. The non-hazardous solid wastes are from industrial, commercial and institutional establishments such as hospitals, market waste, yard waste and street sweepings. However, all these types of solid waste are a problem worldwide. Specially, in the developing countries, waste management is becoming an acute problem for their urbanization and economic development. Thus, solid waste management and monitoring requires immediate attention especially in countries such as China, South Korea and Malaysia which have been categorized as emerging industrialized countries. In Malaysia, solid waste problem is one of the most severe extensive public attention are the haze and air emissions. These anthropogenic sources are generated from indiscriminate dumping of toxic and hazardous wastes, which being raised the sensitive issues both in terms of quantity and quality. So to know details of the solid waste that affected Malaysian environmental and related issues, the solid waste planner, monitor and management requires comprehensive, reliable data and information s on solid waste. However, the solid waste database in Malaysia is limited to manage the data by individual local authorities or waste contractors [10]. In order to deal with this great demand on data management, the advanced information technologies solutions such as RFID, GPRS, GPS and GPS must be utilized. Solid waste management companies have been focusing for high technologies to solve some problems related to solid waste collection. For example, truck s drivers may make a mistake or leave out some information due to few factors such as driver s attitude and fatigue. The main problems of the existing solid waste collection process and management system are summaries as follows. 1. Lack of the information about the collecting time and area. 2. Lack of the proper system for monitoring, tracking the trucks and trash bin that have been collected in real time.

2 3. There is no estimation to the amount of solid waste inside the bin and the surrounding area due to the scattering of waste. 4. There is no quick response to urgent cases like truck accident, breakdown, longtime idling. 5. There is no quick way to response to client's complaints about uncollected waste. Many companies in Malaysia paid attentions on remote sensing system. For example, Alam Flora has already started the truck monitoring and tracking system [1]. Truck monitoring and tracking requires real time truck location analysis to control solid waste collection process and improve truck efficiency [13]. To achieve the above requirements, this design has chosen the appropriate RFID communication system modules on station reporting system. The entire system is used RFID system, GPS module, and GPRS network and camera module to the IP-fixed control centre in the internet. The software in control server is able to analysis location of the trucks and estimates the waste in the bin and its surrounding area. The proposed system would be able to solve the mentioned problems with robust solution.

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4 Block Diagram: Transmitter BUFFER DRIVER RELAY OUTPUT DEVICES BUZZER M DC MOTOR INTERFACING STAGE VISUAL INDICATION IR TX IR RX ARM PROCESSOR PIT LCD DISPLAY XBee TX +12 Volts +5 Volts 230 V, AC GND TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER REGULATOR HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS: SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS: ARM 7 / Cortex M3, LCD, Relay Driver, Relays, Resistors, Capacitors, LEDs, Crystal, Diodes, Transformer, Voltage Regulator, Push Button. Keil compiler uvision 4, Language: Embedded C or Assembly, WLPRO Programmer

5 Receiver BUFFER DRIVER RELAY OUTPUT DEVICES BUZZER M DC MOTOR VISUAL INDICATION ARM PROCESSOR LCD DISPLAY XBee RX

6 Block diagram explanation: Power supply unit: As the whole RF Transmitter Unit goes with the vehicle, its power supply must be kept compact and compatible with all kinds of vehicles and its power generators. IR Transmitter And Receiver: The infrared transmitter & receiver are designed to sense the presence or absence of partitions such that lighting functions change to accommodate the appropriate size space. Infrared (IR) transmitters and receivers are present in many different devices, though they are most commonly found in consumer electronics. The way this technology works is that one component flashes an infrared light in a particular pattern, which another component can pick up and translate into an instruction. These transmitters and receivers are found in remote controls and all different types of devices, such as televisions and DVD players. Peripheral devices that include this technology can also allow a computer to control various other consumer electronics. Since infrared remotes are limited to line of sight operation, some products can be used to extend the signals over a hardwired line or radio frequency (RF) transmissions. ARM Processor: The heart of the system is microcontroller which will access the data. In our project ARM7 is used. The ARM7 which we used for our project is LPC2148 (PHILLIPS) ARM7 is high-performance, low-cost, low power consumption RISC processor. For a variety of areas, such as embedded control, multimedia, DSP and mobile applications, ARM architecture is the first RISC microprocessor designed for low-budget market. The embedded operating system will be subject to certain restrictions. But because of its low price, reliability and other factors, it is widely used in various industrial controllers.

7 XBee technology: XBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on the IEEE standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs). Very low cost, low power consumption two way, wireless communication standard for automation, toys & PC peripherals. Low power consumption: 6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications. Low cost: At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions. High density of nodes per network: 250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks Data rate requirements: Few bits to 250kbps sufficient. Buffer: Buffers do not affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1 output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to regularize the logic present at an interface. Driver: This section is used to drive the relay where the output is complement of input which is applied to the drive but current will be amplified. Relay: It is a electromagnetic device which is used to drive the load connected across the relay and the o/p of relay can be connected to controller or load for further processing.

8 Methodology: This proposed work is attempts to design XBee based Garbage pits monitoring system with information updating to the department. This system contains singleboard embedded system that is equipped with XBee along with ARM processor. During object motion, its location can be reported by SMS message. The use of XBee technologies allows the system to track overflow location. The IR transmitter transmits the IR signals continuously,ir receiver receives continuously if any garbage pits fill then the community of IR TX & IR RX signal then it gives the signal to the ARM, then the ARM will send the information via XBee which read from XBee in Municipality office. At the same time ARM will generate the output that is fed to buffer IC 4050, buffer stores and given to the driver IC 2003 in driver current will amplifies and voltage will inverts with the help of Darlington circuit of driver IC to drive the relay. Then signal is given to the output load for indication purpose. Advantages: 1. Prevent pollution and promote reuse and recycling 2. Reduce priority and toxic chemicals in products and waste; and 3. Conserve energy and materials Disadvantages: 1. In this project usage of relays leads to consume more power.

9 Applications: 1. Hydraulic and water quality monitoring of water transmission and distribution systems (this also includes capturing fast pressure transient events). 2. Remote acoustic leak detection including remote cross-correlation. 3. Monitoring the water level in sewer collectors and combined sewer outflows.