Success Oriented Ground and Space Software Defined Architectures

Transcription

1 Success Oriented Ground and Space Software Defined Architectures 30 March 2004 Jerry Brand, Vince Kovarik and James Faist Melbourne, Florida Presented at the GSAW 2004 Manhattan Beach, CA GSAW 2004 (Slide 1/17)

2 Introduction Software Defined Radio (SDR) Architectures Background JTRS/SCA Terminology SCA Software Structure Example Ground SDR Example Flight SDR Successful Architecture Attributes Conclusions GSAW 2004 (Slide 2/17)

3 JTRS/SCA Terminology Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS): A radio system within the 2MHz to 2Ghz (tactical) frequency range and has the SCA infrastructure (see below). Software Communication Architecture (SCA): The underlying infrastructure specification that must be implemented. Core Framework (CF): The realization of the SCA specification that provides the radio infrastructure services specified in the SCA. SCA-Compliant: A radio that has a Core Framework that adheres to the SCA is SCA-Compliant. SCA 2.2 Defines 2Mhz-2GHz JTRS Radio Core Framework >2GHz SATCOM Radio Core Framework Both radios are SCA-Compliant GSAW 2004 (Slide 3/17)

4 SDR Abstraction Dynamic (re)configurability Components Waveforms Processing paths Plug-n-Play components Reuse of common implementations The Framework or Infrastructure provides the intelligent abstraction away from the physical implementation The Framework provides the foundational technology for realizing a cognitive radio. Abstraction Waveform Implementation Paths Waveform Specification C/C++ VHDL Framework/Infrastructure Operating System GPP DSP FPGA ASIC Host Platform Bandwidth GSAW 2004 (Slide 4/17)

5 SCA Software Structure OPERATING ENVIRONMENT (OE) Applications Core Framework (CF) Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) RF Non-CORBA Modem Components Physical API Non-CORBA Security Components Non-CORBA I/O Components Modem Modem Components Adapter Link, Network Components Security Adapter Security Components Security Adapter Link, Network Components I/O I/O Adapter Components MAC API LLC/Network API LLC/Network API I/O API Logical Software Bus (CORBA) Logical Software Bus (CORBA) Security API CORBA ORB & Services (Middleware) Operating System Black Hardware Bus CF Services & Applications Network Stacks & Serial Interface Services Board Support Package (Bus Layer) CORBA ORB & Services (Middleware) Operating System CF Services & Applications Network Stacks & Serial Interface Services Board Support Package (Bus Layer) Red Hardware Bus GSAW 2004 (Slide 5/17)

6 RTOS and Core Framework Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) Must Support the SCA Application Environment Profile (AEP) The SCA AEP is a subset of the POSIX.13 Real-time Controller System Profile (PSE52) Can be fully POSIX Profile 52 (or greater) compliant Applications shall be limited to using the RTOS services that are designated as mandatory in the SCA AEP Application's Resources, CF Base Application CORBA ORB Core Framework (Framework Control and Services Interfaces) Non-CORBA components, device drivers, etc. The Core Framework implements a essential functionality of the SCA OS (function) that supports the SCA OS access unlimited Application uses CF for file access and services OS access limited to SCA AEP CORBA API Logical device adapter GSAW 2004 (Slide 6/17)

7 SCA Concept Hierarchy Applications Components Resources Devices Domain Manager Application The toplevel entity used by the radio operator, i.e. waveform. Components Software units that provide specific functionality either directly or through underlying hardware. Resources An abstraction of the type, capacity, and state of a logical entity. Devices The collection of physical elements comprising the radio system. GSAW 2004 (Slide 7/17)

8 Various Typical SCA Compliant Operating Systems and Platforms SCA 1.1 VxWorks / Pentium / ORBexpress GT VxWorks / PowerPC / ORBexpress GT VxWorks / StrongARM / ORBexpress RT 2.3.1A-β LynxOS / PowerPC / ORBexpress GT 2.1.4B-β SCA 2.2 Windows / Pentium / ORBexpress RT Windows / Pentium / ACE-TAO VxWorks / PowerPC / ACE-TAO Linux / Intel / ACE-TAO VxWorks / PowerPC / ACE-TAO (OCI) Windows / Intel / ACE-TAO (OCI) GSAW 2004 (Slide 8/17)

9 Domain Management Constraint Engine Domain Modeler XML Domain Profile Run-Time Monitor Run-Time Monitor COM/CORBA Bridge Domain Modeler XML Run-Time Monitor Development Environment Run-Time Environment dmtk Core Framework CORBA Infrastructure Chassis Framework Services (Log, Event, and Name) Waveform Application Application Factory Domain Manager Constraint Engine XML Processor Domain Knowledge Device Manager(s) Device Device Device Device Modem Modem SBC rcv xmit RF Amplifiers GSAW 2004 (Slide 9/17)

10 Software Definable Features for Space and Ground Architectures Modulation Modes FSK, MSK, QPSK, OQPSK, SQPSK, SOQPSK, DPSK, SFDPSK, GMSK IF Interfaces 70 MHz, 140 MHz, 700 MHz, L-Band 950 to 2050 MHz Data Rates bits/second to 1 Gbit/sec basecard Multiple Systems Supported Forward Error Correction Coding Turbo (Rate 2/3, 3/4) K=7 Convolutional (Rate 1/2) Reed Solomon Turbo (other rates) Other Specialized Functions Bit Count Integrity Mux/Demux for In-Band Control Data Scrambling Differential Encoding Interleaving/ De-interleaving C/X/Ku/ Phase ambiguity resolution Ka/EHF Interfaces Control and Status Local and Remote Operator Ethernet, RS-232, RS422, RS485 Block Conversion IF Interface Custom IF Mezzanines Signal Processing Programmable Modem Basecard Sea of Gates, Signal Processor Baseband Processing Custom Baseband Mezzanines Algorithms Algorithms are are loaded loaded and and executed executed in in programmable programmable devices devices Processor Processor basecard basecard supports supports a a modulator/ modulator/ demodulator demodulator application application Transmit Transmit or or receive receive IF IF modules modules at at different different frequencies frequencies mount mount on on the the CCA CCA Customized Customized mezzanine mezzanine I/O I/O modules modules provides provides maximum maximum flexibility flexibility GSAW 2004 (Slide 10/17)

11 SCA Compliant Programmable Modem Meets SDR Needs SCA Device and Device Manager interfaces capabilities include: Device Manager interface for the board SCA File System interface for on-board flash Logical Device interface for each FPGA and the DSP Demonstrated SCA and SDR Programmability Capabilities Legacy compatibility Control of external components (video for example) Shutdown of TCDL waveform, load, and start of CDL waveform accomplished in under 10 seconds GSAW 2004 (Slide 11/17)

12 Typical Ground SDR Base Card Structure FPGA-3 FPGA-2 FPGA-1 Signal Processing M e z z 1 Memory Mezzanine 2 DSP Programmable Interface Control FPGA RAM Control Global Memory Power Module Mezzanine 3 Backplane Connection 2 Backplane Connection 1 GSAW 2004 (Slide 12/17)

13 Modem SCA Architecture SCA Interface PM SCA Implementation PM Physical Hardware Manage onboard flash memory as an SCA File System. Allows external access into the flash by 3 rd party software. FileSystem DeviceManager «realize» «realize» FileSystem Dev icemanager manages manages manages 0..2 Base card is represented as an SCA Device Manager. This maps to the use of the File System for flash and multiple devices on the card. DSPDevice «realize» FPGA1Device «realize» manages manages 0..* 3 0..* DSP and FPGAs are represented as discrete SCA Devices providing a fine-grained management and control capability. Device «realize» FPGA2Device manages «realize» FPGA3Device manages GSAW 2004 (Slide 13/17)

14 SDR Flight Processor Requirements Derived from the Ground Basis Multiple FPGAs Maintain identical pin-out on all devices Simple configuration creation/ partitioning High Speed Communication busses Single Microprocessor Interface Independent banks of memory per FPGA Built in Test for fault detection, some isolation, of assembly Configuration Opens Shorts Signal integrity Implement a SEU detection scheme for configuration bit streams These Requirements Support Successful in-flight Software Programmability GSAW 2004 (Slide 14/17)

15 Typical Space SDR Base Card Structure FPGA-3 FPGA-2 FPGA-1 Signal Processing M e z z 1 Memory Memory Memory Mezzanine 2 DSP Programmable Interface Control FPGA RAM Control Global Memory Global Memory Power Module Mezzanine 3 Backplane Connection 2 SEU Backplane Connection 1 CRC Flight Architecture Builds Directly from the Ground Architecture GSAW 2004 (Slide 15/17)

16 Successful Ground and Space Architecture Attributes Programmability is built-in from the start SCA compliance stems from a cohesive development and run-time environment design methodology SDR programmability must be accomplished seamlessly and in minimum time Space SDR platforms build directly from sound ground SDR architectures and features Joint optimization of ground and space architectures lead to a successful, truly programmable Ground/Space system GSAW 2004 (Slide 16/17)

17 Conclusions Software defined implementations provide more opportunity across multiple platforms and maximize design reuse Reuse applies not only at multiple levels within an implementation, but across domains such as from ground to space Common open architectures deliver designs amenable to improvements by multiple parties Overall, SDR implementations provide substantial benefits and lead to successful ground and space communications architecture GSAW 2004 (Slide 17/17)