Computer Knowledge. Processing This is an act of performing some actions to convert it into usable form.
|
|
- Gwen Cobb
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computer Knowledge To know the work of computer, some important terms are as follows. Data - The word data has been derived from Latin word datum means fact. It is a collection of facts and figures which are not in directly usable form. Processing This is an act of performing some actions to convert it into usable form. Information It is processed data or final result which is in directly usable form and conveys some meaningful results. Instruction It is a type of action to be taken on data. Basic Operations Input, storing, processing, output, control. Components of a Computer Input Unit It accepts data and instructions from the user. It converts the accepted instructions into the machine language. It gives converted instructions to CPU for processing. Central Processing Unit (CPU) It performs all processing work of computer. It is also known as brain of computer. It controls all the parts of computer system. CPU has three components:- Arithmetic and Logic Unit It performs all arithmetic and logic operations. It consists of umber of small locations, termed as registers. It has two parts. (a) Arithmetic Section All complex arithmetic expressions are performed by repetitive combination of these operations. (b) Logic Section It performs all logic operations like comparing, selecting and merging of data.
2 Control Unit It gives command to transfer data from the input devices to memory and from memory to arithmetic logic unit. It transfers the results from memory to output unit. Memory It temporarily/permanently holds the data received from input device. It holds the data being processed and intermediate result being generated. It holds the system software and the application software in use. Memory is mainly classified into two types (a) Random Access Memory (RAM) - All active programs and data are stored in RAM so that they may readily available and easily accessed by the CPU. (b) Read Only Memory (ROM) The data stored on ROM cannot be changed. It is non-violate which means that it can keep its contents even without a power source. Output Unit. It accepts processed data from CPU. It converts result from machine language into simple language. It displays results to user. Software It is a set of instructions that directs the computer to process information. It can be classified into three types. System Software It coordinates the operation of the various hardware components of the computer, eg, DOS, Windows 95/98/2000/ME and UNIX. Application Software It is a set of program designed for specific uses or applications, eg, MS Word, MS Excel, etc. Utilities Software - Utility programs are those that are very often requested by many applications programs. It is used to debug the software errors, correct the data through the editor, sort data, eg, Pkzip, Antivirus software, etc.
3 Bits, Bytes and Words Unit Size Description Bit One binary digit Stores either a binary 0 or 1 Byte Eight bits One character Word 16 to 64 bits One character Kilobyte (KB) 1 thousand bytes About one page of double-spaced text Megabyte (MB) 1 million bytes About the size of a short book Gigabyte (GB) 1 billion bytes 1000 short books Terabyte (TB) 1 trillion bytes An entire library Petabyte (PB) 1 quadrillion bytes Just about all the libraries in the US Historical Overview of Computer Year Inventor Invention 16 th Century China Abacus 1617 John Napier Napier s Bones 1642 Blaise Pascal First Calculating Machine 1671 Gottfried Von Leibnitz Calculator (Modified Pascal s machine) 1801 Joseph Jacquard Card of holes for weaving patterns Charles Babbage Difference Engine and Analytical Engine 1880 Herman Hollerith Tabulating machine using punch cards Lady Ada Lovelace 1930 Howard Aitken and Grace Hopper (IBM) MARK-I Binary Number System Dr. John Vircent Atanassoff ABC (Atanasoff-Berry-Computer) 1946 JP Eckert and JW Muchly ENIAC (electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator) 1940s H Goldshine, AQ Burks and John Non- Stored Program Concept Neumann John Von Nerumann EDSAC (Electronic Delayed Storage Automatic Computer) 1950 Moor School in USA EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) 1951 Eckert and JW Mauchly UNIVAC-I (Universal Automatic Computer)
4 Computer Generations Genera -tion Year Switching Device Storage Speed Operating System First Vacuum Tubes Acoustic delay 333 micro Mainly Electronic Valves lines and later seconds batch magnetic drum, 1 KB memory Second Transistors Magnetic core, 10 micro Multi-bag main memory, seconds remaining tape and disk, Time peripheral sharing memory 100 KB main memory Third Integrated High speed 100 nano Real time, Circuits magnetic cores seconds Time large disks 100 sharing MB, 1 MB main memory Fourth 1980-till now Large scale integrated circuits Microprocessors (LSI) Semi-conductor memory, Winchester disk, 10 MB main memory, 1000 MB disks 300 nano seconds Time sharing, networks Language Machine and assembly languages. Simple Monitors High level languages Fortran, Cobol, Algol, Batch, Operating system. Fortran IV, Cobol 68PI/I, Time sharing Operating system Fortran 77, Pascal, ADA, Cobol-74 Application Mostly Scientific later simple business systems Extensive business applications. Engineering design optimisation scientific research. Database management systems, Online systems. Personal computers, Distributed systems Integrated CAD/CAM Real time control, Graphics oriented system.
5 Types of Computer Based on Users Computers can be classified based on their uses in following ways. Analog Computer It measures pressure, temperature, length, etc, of physical quantities and converts into its numerical values. They are mainly used for scientific and engineering purposes. Digital Computer It is sued in counting of numbers, words or other special symbols. automobiles and banking processes. It is also used in fuel control of Hybrid Computer It is the combined form of analog and digital computer. Informations are continuously converted into data that are received in the form of input. Output may be in form of analog and digital. They are used in factories and machines. Based on Sizes Computers can be classified based on their size in following ways:- Micro Computer It is the smallest computer in which ALU and CPU are based on the same chip. Personal Computer It is single user system used generally in business. Mini Computer It is more powerful than micro computer and can be used by many users at the same time. It processes data very fast. Mainframe Computer They are giant in size and of highly storage capacity. They can process an ample amount of data very rapidly. They are used in banks, large organizations and public sectors.
6 Super computer They are capable of processing the huge amount of data in fraction of seconds. They are used in very complex calculations. Hardware All the components of computer, parts and devices that we can touch are known as Hardware. Computer is composed of several physical parts of the computer hardware on which a number of softwares are installed to do the desired work of operating system and operator. A modern computer has the following hardwares: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) Motherboard Electric Supply Video Display Controller Removable Media Devices Secondary Storage Sound Card Peripherals Input Devices We give unprocessed data to computer with the help of input devices and get output after the data has been processed. We can understand that output. The input devices may be hand operated or automated. The act of processing is mainly regulated by CPU. Hand Operated Input Devices Keyboard and Mouse are the most commonly used hand operated input devices. Some of the hand operated input devices along with keyboard and mouse are as follows: Concept Keyboard Concept keyboard is related to a special functions or item. The labels of picture of text may reside above its buttons.
7 Track Ball It is used as an alternate of mouse. The user has to move its ball in order to utilize it that causes the pointer to move on the screen. Joystick It is very popular among the people found of computer games, but today different types of game controller are replacing them gradually. Joystick is used to control the machine such as crane in the process of building constructions. Digital Camera Digital camera can take the images and also records the videos. The images and videos take b y digital cameras are recorded in files. These files can get copied into the computer that can be further edited for many purposes. Microphone Microphone is used to input the sound. It can be used to enter text in any word processing application with voice recognition software in the computer. Touch Screen There is a network of light rays in touch sensitive visual display unit or it screen that recognizes the touch. Touch screen is used in many mobile phones. They are often used in cash machines and shopping centers. Video Digital Video digital takes the images from video camera or television and stores it into the computer for further use. The video sequences taken by video digital are mainly used in multimedia presentation. Scanner Scanner is used to convert an image into its digital form. It is similar to photocopier but it makes digital copy of an image instead of its hard copy. It is used to scan the text with the software optical character recognition.
8 Graphic Tablet There is a flat pad on the graphic tablet upon which an user writes with the help of a special pen. Pictures can also be drawn on the screen using that pen in this way. Keyboard Keyboard is the most commonly used input device in computer. There are three types of keys on the keyboard:- (a) Alphanumeric Keys (b) Special Keys (c) Function Keys Alphanumeric Keys include the whole alphabets from A to Z and digits from 0 to 9 and different characters such as space, / X # $ % ^ & - + = { } [ ]. Special Keys include ENTER, Backspace, Delete, Shift, Capslock, Ctrl, Alt, etc. Keys from F1 to F12 in the keyboard are known as Function keys. Mouse It is the most popular point and draw input devices which is connected to a terminal or microcomputer through a cable wire. Output Devices The means through which computer gives output are known as Output Devices. Some of the most popular output devices are as follows: 1. Monitor 2. Printer 3. Projector 4. Sound Card 5. Speaker 6. Video Card
9 Monitor Video display screen fixed in hard layer and computer is also known as Monitor or Video Display Terminal. Monitor means only those devices in which there is no any electronic device other than the device required for showing the image. Printer Printer is that external hardware device which gives the output in printed formal after receiving data from computer. This is such an operated external devices used with computer that prints text, image or photo. Projector Projector is that hardware device which projects in image on the flat surface like computer screen. These devices are generally used in meeting, seminars and presentations because each person can easily see the image projected by it sitting in a big room. Sound Card It is also known as Sound Board or Audio Card. Sound card is an expansion card or unified circuit that enables computer to produce sound through speaker or headphone. Speaker It is the device which present the sound produced during any programme. This is connected to sound card and gives the sound produced by card n the form of output. Video Card It is also known as Graphics Card, Video Board or Videos Controller. This is an internal circuit board that allows the image displaying devices like monitor to display the images. Internet An Internet is a global connection of computers link together by cables and telephones and makes the communication possible among them. For such communication, the address of the destination and a safe means of moving data are required.
10 The rules governing the sending and receiving of data on the Internet are implemented in two parts of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP). Transmission Control Protocol divides the data into little data packs. The rule of Internet Protocol here is to put destination addressing information on such packets. Hosts are in general, individual machines at a particular location. Domains are general category that a computer on the internet belongs to. is mainly used for sending electronic piece of text. Use net and news groups are set up by people sharing common interests ranging from current topics to cultural heritages. Telnet is a program that allows an Internet host computer to become a terminal of another host on the Internet. Gopher displays a set of resources on the Internet in the form of menus or lists of items. Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is language is create documents for World Wide Web. Standard Generalised Markup Language (SGML) is used to define the structure and manage the content of digital document. World Wide Web (www) is a giant collection of hypertext pages on the Internet. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is used for manage all the linkings between one hypertext documents and another. On the Internet, a home page may be related to a single person a specific subject, or to a corporation. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a way to avail of Internet resources. Browser is an application program which is used for exploring Internet resources. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to access a remote Internet host. Modem is a device allowing a computer to transoms information over a telephone line. It acts as a modulator and demodulator while the process of transmitting and receiving. Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) is a type of service to access text databases or libraries on the Internet. Computer Virus A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infact a computer. A Virus can spread from one computer to another when its host is taken to the target computer, for instance because a user sent it
11 over a network or the Internet, or carried it on a removable medium such as a floppy disk, CD, DVD or USB drive. Viruses can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Important Facts Related to Computer Virus The Creeper virus was first detected on ARPANET, the forerunner of the Internet, in the early 1970s. The Reaper Program was created to delete creeper. The actual term virus was first used in David Gerrold s 1972novel when HARLIE was one. A program called Elk Coloner was the first computer virus to appear In the wild that is, outside the single computer or lab where it was created. It attached itself to the APPLE DOS 3.3 operating system and spread via floppy disk. The first PC virus in the world was a boot sector virus Brain created in With the spread of personal computer, traditional computer viruses emerged in Bulletin boarddriven software sharing contributed directly to the spread of Trojan horse programs. Shareware and boot leg software were equally common vectors are written in the scripting languages for Microsoft Programs such as word and Excel and spread throughout Microsoft Office by infecting documents and spreadsheets. Viruses that spread using cross site scripting were first reported in 2002 and were academically demonstrated in There have been multiple instances of the cross site scripting viruses in the world, exploiting websites such as My Space and Yahoo. The most popular five computer virus came into light so far as follows:- (i) I Love You (2000) It spreads through . (ii) Code Red (2001) It affects windows server. (iii) Nimada (2001) It is the most rampant virus. (iv) Melissa (1999) It spreads through Word Macro and s. (v) Sasser (2004) It spreads by attaching to port 445 on the network windows system. Antivirus Software and Other Preventive Measures Antivirus software can destroy the viruses by finding them. methods in order to detect viruses. The antivirus software uses two common
12 1. By using the Virus Signature Definitions list 2. By using Heuristics Algorithm Some antivirus programs are capable of On the Fly scanning of received s along with scanning of the open files. This process is known as On Access scanning. Antivirus software does not alter the efficiency of the host software for the communication of viruses. These softwares need to be updated regularly so that the new viruses can be detected. The loss incurred by the viruses can also be negated by the regular backup of data on other mediums. If any data get misplaced due to this virus then we can retrack it by backup.
Chapter 1. Computer System Organization
Chapter 1 Computer System Organization Prepared By: Manish Kumar Prajapati PGT (Comp.Sc.) (First Shift) Kendriya Vidyalaya Bailey Road Patna-14 What is Computer? A computer is an electronic device that
More information1: History, Generation & Classification. Shobhanjana Kalita, Dept. of CSE, Tezpur University
1: History, Generation & Classification Shobhanjana Kalita, Dept. of CSE, Tezpur University History Computer originally (17 th century) meant someone who computes Only in the 20 th century it was associated
More informationComputer Fundamentals
Computer Fundamentals Computers have made great inroads in our everyday life and thinking. They are put to use for all sorts of application ranging from complex calculations in the field or frontline research,
More informationOverview of a computer
Overview of a computer One marks 1. What is von Neumann concept also called as? Stored memory or stored program concept. 2. Who is the father of computer Charles Babbage 3. What is a computer? It is an
More informationComputer ANAMIKA ACADEMY. Mo Which function has the ability to move from one web page to another Hyper link
1. Which function has the ability to move from one web page to another Hyper link web page? 2. What is the full name of GUI? GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE 3. Which function keys are used to make spell and mild
More informationInformation Communications Technology (CE-ICT) 6 th Class
Information Communications Technology (CE-ICT) 6 th Class Lecture 2: Computer Concepts (Part A) Lecturer: Objectives Hardware Concepts Types of Computer Components of a Computer System Computer Performance
More informationIntroduction to Computers. Joslyn A. Smith
Introduction to Computers Joslyn A. Smith March 9, 2010 5/18/2011 1 What is a Computer? An electronic device that has the capability of performing the following tasks: Responds to input. Processes the
More informationWhat is the typical configuration of a computer sold today? 1-1
What is the typical configuration of a computer sold today? 1-1 Computer Hardware Components In this chapter: How did the computer become known as the stored-program computer? Do they all have the same
More information1. This memory is for short term storage and is lost when the computer is turned off. A. Icon B. CPU C. Hard drive D. RAM 2. This input device will
1. This memory is for short term storage and is lost when the computer is turned off. A. Icon B. CPU C. Hard drive D. RAM 2. This input device will allow the user to move the pointer on the screen. A.
More informationChapter 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS
Chapter 2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS History of Computers Outline Generations of Computers Types of Computers 2 History of Computers A computer is a machine that works with data and information
More information2011 Francisco Delgadillo
1800 s: Analytical Engine Charles Babbage Dawn of Human Concept of Numbers Abacus 1642: Pascal s Machine 1880: Mechanical Tabulator Herman Hollerith 1674: Leibniz Calculating Machine 1911: Hollerith s
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 ICT
Grade 07 Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 ICT I. Underline the correct answer. Duration: 2 Hours Index No:- 1) Components of a computer CPU are (a) ALU, CU (b)
More informationLECTURE SCHEDULE 2. Units of Memory, Hardware, Software and Classification of Computers
LECTURE SCHEDULE 2 Units of Memory, Hardware, Software and Classification of Computers Units of Memory The memory unit is the principal storage of the computer. All the data and instructions that the computer
More informationComputers in Engineering COMP 208. A Brief History. Mechanical Calculators. A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker
Computers in Engineering COMP 208 A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker Sept 4th, 2007 Computers in Engineering 1 A Brief History Abacus considered first mechanical computing device Used beads and rods
More informationComputers in Engineering COMP 208
Computers in Engineering COMP 208 A Historic Perspective Michael A. Hawker Sept 4th, 2007 Computers in Engineering 1 A Brief History Abacus considered first mechanical computing device Used beads and rods
More informationEVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS. In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines.
EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS In the early years, before the computer was invented, there are several inventions of counting machines. 200 BC 500 BC CHINESE ABACUS EGYPTIAN ABACUS 1620 JOHN NAPIER NAPIER'S BONES
More informationWelcome to COS151! 1.1
Welcome to COS151! Title: Introduction to Computer Science Course website: https://cs.up.ac.za/admin/courses/cos151 Find the study guide there Announcements Assignments (download & upload) Brief overview
More informationAlgorithm: Program: Programming: Software: Hardware:
0-1 0-2 Terminology Algorithm: A set of steps that defines how a task is performed Program: A representation of an algorithm Programming: The process of developing a program Software: Programs and algorithms
More informationChapter One. Introduction to Computer System
Principles of Programming-I / 131101 Prepared by: Dr. Bahjat Qazzaz -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Chapter One Introduction to Computer System
More informationCopyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
1 Technology in Action Technology in Focus: The History of the PC 2 The first personal computer Sold as a kit Switches for input Lights for output Altair 8800 Bill Gates and Paul Allen created a compiler
More informationFundamentals of Python: First Programs. Chapter 1: Introduction Modifications by Mr. Dave Clausen
Fundamentals of Python: First Programs Chapter 1: Introduction Modifications by Mr. Dave Clausen Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the basic features of an algorithm
More informationComputer Technology Flash Card 2
Computer Technology Flash Card 2 Mouse An input device that allows the user to manipulate objects on the screen by moving the mouse along the surface of a desk. Data Refers to the symbols that represent
More informationAn Overview of the Computer System. Kafui A. Prebbie 24
An Overview of the Computer System Kafui A. Prebbie -kafui@kafui.com 24 The Parts of a Computer System What is a Computer? Hardware Software Data Users Kafui A. Prebbie -kafui@kafui.com 25 The Parts of
More informationTopic :- COMPUTER BASICS Subject :- COMPUTER BASICS Class :- I Semester BCA
Topic :- COMPUTER BASICS Subject :- COMPUTER BASICS Class :- I Semester BCA By Prof. Shweta HoD- BCA Department of BCA Koshys Institute of Management Studies, Bangalore What is a Computer? An electronic
More information1.The First Instrument known in the history of computers was. a) Pascal s adding machine b) Napier s bones c) Abacus d) Analytical Engine
Quiz Questions 1.The First Instrument known in the history of computers was. a) Pascal s adding machine b) Napier s bones c) Abacus d) Analytical Engine 5/1/2006 Computer Programming TA 103 BE I year 2
More informationYou Will Need Floppy Disks for your labs!
CIS121 Instructor: Lynne Mayer VoiceMail: (847) 697-1000 x 2328 Lmayer@elgin.edu Office Hours: ICT 122 Mon.: 9:15-10:15 AM, 5:15-6:00 PM Wed.: 9:15-10:15 AM Fri.: 2:30-3:30 PM Website: faculty.elgin.edu/lmayer
More informationA Short History of Computers
A Short History of Computers Geoffrey M. Rockwell x 24072 Togo Salmon 309A grockwel@mcmaster.ca URL: http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~hccrs/ihchome.htm McMaster University Administration u Homework 3
More information15/09/15. Introduction to Computers & The Internet. Contents. Computer hardware and software. Input and output devices CPU. Memory.
Introduction to Computers & The Internet Dr. Ahmad Reeves Computer Science Dep. Lecture 2 Contents Computer hardware and software Input and output devices CPU Memory Storage Motherboard Computers Have
More informationCOMPUTERIZED OFFICE MANAGEMENT
COMPUTERIZED OFFICE MANAGEMENT Module 1 (COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS) COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS : INTRODUCTION : The term computer is derived from the Latin word compute which means to calculate. Computer is a fast
More informationUNIQUE IAS ACADEMY-COMPUTER QUIZ-11
1. Which of the following functions most like a copy machine: a) Portable Scanner b) Flatbed Scanner c) Touch Screen 2. A universal product code is read by what type of scanner: a) Bar - Code b) Flatbed
More informationComputer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound).
ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS THEN AND NOW Computer is an electronic machine that can receive, store, transform and output data of all kinds (image, text, numeric, graphics and sound). In the Past (i.e., during
More informationCSC 121 Computers and Scientific Thinking
CSC 121 Computers and Scientific Thinking David Reed Creighton University Computer Basics 1 What is a Computer? a computer is a device that receives, stores, and processes information different types of
More informationInformation Technology Training Package ICA99
The Components of a Computer System The basic components of the computer have not varied since the earliest computers were made in the early 1950 s. The only real changes have been in the number and variety
More informationIntentionally Blank 0
Intentionally Blank 0 Technology in Action Chapter 2 Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts 1 Understanding Your Computer: Computers are Data Processing Devices Perform four major functions Input:
More informationComputer Evolution. Computer Generation. The Zero Generation (3) Charles Babbage. First Generation- Time Line
Computer Generation Computer Evolution Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science 1. Zeroth generation- Mechanical Computers (1642-1940) 2. First generation - Vacuum Tubes (1940-1955) 3. Second Generation
More informationThis is a list of vocabulary related to information and communication technology. Coloque el significado en español sobre las líneas.
Tú Teacher de Inglés 1 0B This is a list of vocabulary related to information and communication technology. Coloque el significado en español sobre las líneas. Anti-virus software = - A program that finds
More informationDownloaded from various sources on the NET
Overview Computers. Hardware components of a Computer. Purpose and functions of computer operating systems. Evolution of computer operating systems. Operating systems available today. Downloaded from various
More informationDescribe the layers of a computer system
Chapter 1 The Big Picture Chapter Goals Describe the layers of a computer system Describe the concept of abstraction and its relationship to computing Describe the history of computer hardware and software
More informationBANK EXAMS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE A) BASIC B) FORTRAN C) COBOL D) PASCAL E) JAVA
1. Fourth Generations Computer were based on BANK EXAMS COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE A) BASIC B) FORTRAN C) COBOL D) PASCAL E) JAVA 2. Which of the following is first generation of computer? A) EDSAC B) IBM-1401
More informationCS 265. Computer Architecture. Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng.
CS 265 Computer Architecture Wei Lu, Ph.D., P.Eng. 1 Part 2: Introduction to Computer Architecture Our goal: have a basic look at architecture of computer, its functions and structure, its history and
More informationv.m.g.rajasekaran ramani sri sarada sakthi mat. Hr. sec. school
v.m.g.rajasekaran ramani sri sarada sakthi mat. Hr. sec. school STD: XI COMPUTER SCIENCE L.1. Introduction to computers 2 marks 1. What is a computer? Computer: A computer is an electronic machine, capable
More informationParts are adapted from Windows 98 by Mark Twain Media, Inc. A Computer System has Hardware and Software
Parts are adapted from Windows 98 by Mark Twain Media, Inc. A Computer System has Hardware and Software All the parts--monitor, printer, hard drive, etc.-- cables, cabinets, and programs that make a computer
More informationComputer Evolution. Budditha Hettige. Department of Computer Science
Computer Evolution Budditha Hettige Department of Computer Science Computer Generation 1. Zeroth generation- Mechanical Computers (1642-1940) 2. First generation - Vacuum Tubes (1940-1955) 3. Second Generation
More informationGreat Inventions written by Bob Barton
COMPUTER Great Inventions written by Bob Barton Computers Computers help society function in many vital ways, often without our being aware of them. Computers control traffic lights and factory operations.
More informationCharacteristics of Computers
The word computer comes from word compute, which means to calculate. A computer is a programmable machine (or more precisely, a programmable sequential state machine) that operates on data and is used
More informationChapter 1. The Big Picture
Chapter 1 The Big Picture 1.1 Computing Systems Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard ) Software The programs that provide the instructions for
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Computers
Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations Characteristic
More informationComputer Fundamentals
Computer Fundamentals 1 Draw the block diagram of computer architecture and explain each block. Computer is made up of mainly four components, 1) Central processing unit (CPU) 2) Input section 3) Output
More informationComputer Skills Revision. By: Rana Hammady
Computer Skills Revision By: Rana Hammady 1 Chapter 1 2 Introduction to Computer and Information Technology Definitions Computer tasks Uses of computer system History of computers and computer generations
More informationParts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Parts of the Computer System. Essential Computer Hardware. Information Processing Cycle
Looking Inside the Computer System NOS 116, 118, 218, 222 Handout 10 Hardware & Software Computer systems have four parts Hardware Software Data User 1 1B-2 Hardware Mechanical devices in the computer
More informationChapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, 6-th Edition
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Computer Science Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, 6-th Edition Objectives In this chapter, you will learn about The definition of computer science Algorithms A
More informationChapter 1: Introduction to Computers. In this chapter you will learn about:
Ref Page Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations
More informationCHAPTER 1 Introduction
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 The Main Components of a Computer 3 1.3 An Example System: Wading through the Jargon 4 1.4 Standards Organizations 15 1.5 Historical Development 16 1.5.1 Generation
More informationSECTION 2 (Part B) Types And Components Of Computer Systems. Sophia Pratzioti
SECTION 2 (Part B) Types And Components Of Computer Systems 2 Hardware & Software Hardware: is the physical parts of the computer system the part that you can touch and see. Hardware can be either external
More informationTest Bank for Prelude to Programming Chapter 0
Test Bank for Prelude to Programming Chapter 0 MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following is not an attribute of a computer? a. can act on intermediate results without human intervention b. has its roots
More informationINFORMATION SYSTEM PARTS AND COMPUTER TYPES
INFORMATION SYSTEM PARTS AND COMPUTER TYPES PARTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM People are end users who use computers to make themselves more productive. Hardware refers to the physical components of your computer
More informationCOMPUTER MERIT BADGE TROOP 301 HUTCHINSON
COMPUTER MERIT BADGE TROOP 301 HUTCHINSON SEARCH ENGINES ONLINE SAFETY 1. Follow your family s rules for going online 2. Protect your privacy 3. Do not open emails or files you receive from people you
More informationPart 1: Computer and Information Literacy
What is Computer? Understand Computers Part 1: Computer and Information Literacy Computer is an electronic devices that under a program s direction and control, perform four basic operations: Input, Processing,
More informationTotal Mark out of 35
University of Bahrain College of Information Technology Department of Information Systems ITBIS105 Test 1 Version 1 (35 points) 30 Oct 2013 @ 8:00-9:00 AM Student Name: Section: ID Number: Serial Number:
More informationPart (01) Introduction to Computer
Part (01) Introduction to Computer Dr. Ahmed M. ElShafee 1 Dr. Ahmed ElShafee, ACU : Summer 2014, Introduction to CS 1 TURING MODEL The idea of a universal computational device was first described by Alan
More informationElements of Computers and Programming Dr. William C. Bulko. What is a Computer?
Elements of Computers and Programming Dr. William C. Bulko What is a Computer? 2017 What is a Computer? A typical computer consists of: a CPU memory a hard disk a monitor and one or more communication
More informationFundamental of digital computer
Introduction to computer:- Fundamental of digital computer A computer is an electronic device that has the ability to accept data, store data, perform mathematical and logical operations, and report the
More informationLearning Objectives. In this chapter you will learn about:
Ref Page Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations
More informationCh. 1: Computer System part I
Chapter 1 Computer System Ch. 1: Computer System part I Benjamas Panyangam 2013 Revision by Suphakit Awiphan Ph.D. Adapted for English Section by Kittipitch Kuptavanich And Prakarn Unachak Computer Classification
More informationZimmer CSCI /24/18. CHAPTER 1 Overview. COMPUTER Programmable devices that can store, retrieve, and process data.
CHAPTER 1 Overview COMPUTER Programmable devices that can store, retrieve, and process data. COMPUTER DEVELOPMENTS- Smaller size - processors (vacuum tubes -> transistors ->IC chip) Microprocessor - miniaturized
More informationNote: Though solved with care, not responsible for the accuracy.
Question # 1 of 10 ( Start time: 05:10:26 PM ) () The name of first commercially available PC was: UNIVAC 1 ENIAC EDVAC Altair 8800 Question # 2 of 10 ( Start time: 05:11:49 PM ) () The first Web browser
More informationDefining Computers. Defining Computers. Understanding Essential Computer Concepts
Understanding Essential Computer Concepts Defining Computers A high-speed idiot must be told exactly what to do by humans and programs step-by-step instructions An electronic device that accepts input,
More informationComputer Organization CS 206T
Computer Organization CS 206T Topics Introduction Historical Background Structure & Function System Interconnection 2 1. Introduction Why study computer organization and architecture? Design better programs,
More information1.2.1 Electronic computers based on digital switching
1.2.1 Electronic computers based on digital switching The first true digital electronic computer was created by John V Atanasoff during 1937-1942. The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (called ABC figure 2.8) was
More informationComputer Concepts and C Programming. Unit I 06CCP13
Computer Concepts and C Programming () Unit I Unit Division Unit-I Introducing Computer Systems Interacting with Computer Unit-II Processing Data Storing Data Unit-III Using Operating Systems Networks
More informationINTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS When we talk about computers, we really are talking about a Computer System. Computer System: It is a combination of Hardware and Software. This combination allows a computer
More informationComputer Systems. Hardware, Software and Layers of Abstraction
Computer Systems Hardware, Software and Layers of Abstraction 1 Automation & Computers Fundamental question of computer science: What can be automated? Computers automate processing of information Computer
More informationComputer Systems. Communication (networks, radio links) Meatware (people, users don t forget them)
Computers are useful machines, but they are generally useless by themselves. Computers are usually part of a system a computer system includes: Hardware (machines) Software (programs, applications) Communication
More informationSahalsoftware college. Welcome To understanding Basic Computer Concept
Welcome To understanding Basic Computer Concept 1 Chapter1: Understanding Computer Concepts What is a computer? A computer is a machine that takes in data, processes if following a set of instructions
More informationIn this chapter, you will learn about: The definition of computer science. Algorithms. Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition
Objectives Chapter 1: An Introduction to Com puter S cience Invitation to Computer Science, C++ Version, Third Edition In this chapter, you will learn about: The definition of computer science Algorithms
More informationElectricity: Voltage. Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal.
Hardware CSCE 101 Electricity: Voltage Gate: A signal enters the gate at a certain voltage. The gate performs operations on it, and sends it out was a new signal. The signals voltage will either be between
More informationName: Date: Hour: The abacus (still in use today) is about 5,000 years old. Not a computer.
Introduction to Computers - Intel: The Journey Inside Name: Date: Hour: Directions: Read/review each lesson and write your short answers on this paper. If there is a video available, watch it using headphones.
More information5. a computer which CPU speed around 100 million instruction per second and with the word length of around 64 bits is known as
1. To locate a data item for storage is a. Field b. Feed c. Database d. Fetch 2. programs designed to perform specific tasks is known as a. system software b. application software c. utility programs d.
More informationSBI CLERK COMPUTER GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PAPER COMPUTER GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
SBI CLERK COMPUTER GENERAL KNOWLEDGE PAPER COMPUTER GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 1. Register is a (a) Set of capacitors used to register input instructions in a digital computer (b) Set of paper tapes and cards put
More informationSir Sadiq s computer notes for class IX. Chapter no 1. Introduction to computer
1 Q: Define the term computer. Ans: Computer is an electronic device that accepts data and instruction as input process the data according to the given instruction and produce information as output. Q:
More informationMasters of Computer Application (MCA) Entrance 2012 Computer Knowledge Paper I 1. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy
Masters of Computer Application (MCA) Entrance 2012 Computer Knowledge Paper I 1. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks EXCEPT: A. hackers. B. spam. C. viruses. D. identity
More informationSSRVM Content Creation Template
SSRVM Content Creation Template Title: Evolution of Computers Contributors: Sreeja. T Std: IV Submission Date: Reviewers: Approval Date: REF No: Brief Description: Goal: Brief History which reveals a clear
More informationChapter 2 Basic Computer Configuration
CSCA0101 COMPUTING BASICS Chapter 2 1 Topics: Basic Operations Computer Components Computer Categories 2 Computing Terminology Data Data is anything in a form suitable for use with a computer. Information
More informationHISTORY OF COMPUTERS HISTORY OF COMPUTERS. Mesleki İngilizce - Technical English. Punch Card. Digital Data. II Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN.
Mesleki İngilizce - Technical English II Prof. Dr. Nizamettin AYDIN naydin@yildiz.edu.tr Notes: In the slides, texts enclosed by curly parenthesis, { }, are examples. texts enclosed by square parenthesis,
More informationHIGHER SECONDARY FIRST YEAR 2 MARK & 5 MARK NOTES CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
1. What is computer? CHAPTER 1 1. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER A computer is an electronic machine, capable of performing basic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc. The computer
More informationCS 105 Review Questions #3
1 CS 105 Review Questions #3 These review questions only include topics since our second test. To study for the final, please look at the first two review documents as well. Almost all of these questions
More informationQ1. Briefly describe the characteristic features of input and output devices of a computer system.
Q1. Briefly describe the characteristic features of input and output devices of a computer system. Answer-> Characteristic of input and output devices of a computer system: Input Devices: An input device
More informationManagement Information Systems OUTLINE OBJECTIVES. Information Systems: Computer Hardware. Dr. Shankar Sundaresan
Management Information Systems Information Systems: Computer Hardware Dr. Shankar Sundaresan (Adapted from Introduction to IS, Rainer and Turban) OUTLINE Introduction The Central Processing Unit Computer
More informationHistory of computing. Until future. Computers: Information Technology in Perspective By Long and Long
History of computing Until future Computers: Information Technology in Perspective By Long and Long Copyright 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc. & 2011 J. Holvikivi Evolution of Computing 1.2 First Computers 1960s
More informationInformation Science 1
Information Science 1 -Basic Concepts of Computers: Opera4on, Architecture, Memory- Week 02 College of Information Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University Today s lecture outline l Recall the previous
More informationAllahabad Bank Probationary Officers Exam., 2010 (Held on ) Computer Knowledge : Solved Paper
Allahabad Bank Probationary Officers Exam., 2010 (Held on 21-2-2010) Computer Knowledge : Solved Paper 1. A typically connects personal computers within a very limited geographical area, usually within
More informationThe Modern Computer. Exploring Computer Science
The Modern Computer Exploring Computer Science 2016-2017 Programmers at Work on ENIAC Gloria Ruth Gordon [Bolotsky] and Ester Gerston c. 1946 Source: http://ftp.arl.mil/ftp/historic-computers/ Programmers
More informationWelcome to COSC Introduction to Computer Science
Welcome to COSC 1302 Introduction to Computer Science (Syllabus) Chapter 1 The Big Picture 1.1 Computing Systems Hardware The physical elements of a computing system (printer, circuit boards, wires, keyboard
More informationDownloaded From :
04-012-2011 Test V Computer Knowledge 201. The operation of combining two cells into a single cell in Excel is referred to as (1) Join Cells (2) Merge Cells (3) Merge Table (4) Join Table 202. Which of
More informationChapter Overview of Computer Systems
Chapter 1 1.1 Overview of Computer Systems 1.1 The Parts of a Computer System Let us first look at what a Computer and a Computer System is. A computer can be classified as a device that takes in raw data
More information1. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks EXCEPT: A. hackers. B. spam. C. viruses. D. identity theft. 2.
COMPUTER-BASED-OBJECTIVE-QUESTIONS www.mission2win.in 1. All of the following are examples of real security and privacy risks EXCEPT: A. hackers. B. spam. C. viruses. D. identity theft. 2. A process known
More informationComponents of a Computer System
Hardware Outline 1. Hardware Outline 2. What is a Computer?/Components of a Computer System 3. Hardware That Computers Typically Have 4. Hardware Components 5. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 6. Central
More informationComputer System architectures
CSC 203 1.5 Computer System Architecture Budditha Hettige Department of Statistics and Computer Science University of Sri Jayewardenepura 1 Historical Developments 2 Computer Generation 1. Zeroth generation-
More informationChapter 1: Why Program? Computers and Programming. Why Program?
Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming 1.1 Why Program? Why Program? Computer programmable machine designed to follow instructions Program instructions in computer memory to make it do something
More informationMs. Minerva A. Lagarde
Ms. Minerva A. Lagarde Introduction Objectives At the end of this module, you should be able to: 1. explain how a computer works; 2. state the functions of each basic hardware component of a computer system;
More information