High Performance Computing in Europe and USA: A Comparison
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1 High Performance Computing in Europe and USA: A Comparison Hans Werner Meuer University of Mannheim and Prometeus GmbH 2nd European Stochastic Experts Forum Baden-Baden, June 28-29, 2001
2 Outlook Introduction of TOP500 Project Europe and USA as Producer and Consumer of HPC Systems Companies producing HPC Systems Europe and USA in the use of HPC Systems Government Programs and Large HPC Centers in Europe and USA TOP500 Plans
3 TOP500 Motivation Basis for analyzing the HPC market Quantification of observations Detection of trends Market Architecture Technology
4 TOP500 Procedure Listing of the 500 most powerful computers in the world Yardstick: R max from LINPACK Ax=b, dense problem TPP performance Rate Size Updated twice a year
5 TOP500 Status 1st List in June th List on June 21, 2001 in Heidelberg 18th List on November 14, 2001 in Denver Accepted by users and manufacturers
6
7 TOP500 Authors - Started in spring 1993 by: Hans W. Meuer and Erich Strohmaier - Authors since 06/1993 and 11/2000 Jack Dongarra Horst Simon
8
9 Performance Development 1 Pflop/s 100 Tflop/s SUM TF/s 10 Tflop/s 1 Tflop/s 100 Gflop/s 10 Gflop/s 1 Gflop/s 100 Mflop/s TF/s 59.7 GF/s Intel XP/S140 Sandia 0.4 GF/s SNI VP200EX Uni Dresden Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Fujitsu 'NWT' NAL N=1 Hitachi/Tsukuba CP-PACS/2048 N=500 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Intel ASCI Red Sandia Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Nov 00 Jun TF/s IBM ASCI White LLNL 67.8 GF/s IBM SP Power3 64 processors Adam Opel AG
10 Performance Development 1 PFlop/s 100 TFlop/s ASCI 10 TFlop/s Sum Earth Simulator 1 TFlop/s 100 GFlop/s N=1 10 GFlop/s 1 GFlop/s N=10 N= MFlop/s N=500 Jun 93 Jun 94 Jun 95 Jun 96 Jun 97 Jun 98 Jun 99 Jun 00 Jun 01 Jun 02 Jun 03 Jun 04 Jun 05
11 Producers 500 Europe Japan USA Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Nov 00 Jun 01
12 Continents others Japan 300 Europe USA/Canada 0 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
13 Europe - Countries others Switzerland Benelux Scandinavia France UK Germany 0 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
14 Manufacturers 500 others NEC Hitachi Intel TMC Fujitsu SGI Cray Sun IBM Convex/HP 0 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
15 Chip Technology 500 other COTS proprietary 400 other COTS SUN intel MIPS HP Power Alpha Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
16 Customer Types 500 Vendor Classified 400 Academic Industry 100 Research 0 Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
17 Customer Types - Performance 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Vendor Classified Academic Industry Performance Research Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
18 Industrial/Commercial Applications Unknown 100 Commercial 50 0 Engineering Jun-93 Nov-93 Jun-94 Nov-94 Jun-95 Nov-95 Jun-96 Nov-96 Jun-97 Nov-97 Jun-98 Nov-98 Jun-99 Nov-99 Jun-00 Nov-00 Jun-01
19 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Customer Types - USA Other Academic Industrial/Commercial Research Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Nov 00 Jun 01
20 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Customer Types - Europe Other Academic Industrial/Commercial Research Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Nov 00 Jun 01
21 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Other Customer Types - Japan Industrial/Commercial Academic Research Jun 93 Nov 93 Jun 94 Nov 94 Jun 95 Nov 95 Jun 96 Nov 96 Jun 97 Nov 97 Jun 98 Nov 98 Jun 99 Nov 99 Jun 00 Nov 00 Jun 01
22 Rank TOP10 Centers - integrated Site t*r max [TFYears] Current Best Country 1 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , 4, 44, 48 USA 2 Sandia National Laboratory 9.6 3, 42, 79 USA 3 Los Alamos National Laboratory 7.5 6, 25 USA 4 University of Tokyo 4.6 5, 17 Japan 5 Naval Oceanographic Office (NAVOCEANO) 3.9 7, 27 USA 6 NERSC/LBNL 3.7 2, 55, 78, 386 USA 7 United Kingdom Meteorological Office , 40 UK 8 Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) , 106 Germany 9 ECMWF , 111, 289 UK 10 Oak Ridge National Laboratory , 90 USA
23 clusters.top500.org
24 Problems with LINPACK Commercial DB systems don t care about floating point New architectures - compute farms not designed to run LINPACK Self-made cluster no vendor to measure LINPACK every system is different
25 TOP500 Plans Talks with experts since 3 years on how to resolve these issues Q: How can we provide better information for different application and architecture domains? A: Make additional lists
26 Thank you! The PowerPoint slides of this presentation can be downloaded at:
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