Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction

Transcription

1 Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction International Recovery Platform - a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery <Summary Report > 6th June 2007 International Conference Center, Geneva Organized by International Recovery Platform (IRP) Secretariat, Government of Japan, and the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR) Secretariat International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

2 International Recovery Platform Side Event at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) International Recovery Platform a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery Date: 6th June :45-14:15 Venue: Room 3, International Conference Center, Geneva Organizers: the International Recovery Platform Secretariat, Government of Japan, and the ISDR Secretariat Chairperson: Co-chair: Ms. Kathleen Cravero Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa The Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva Working language: English 1

3 Agenda Chairperson: Ms. Kathleen Cravero, Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP Co-chair: H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa, The Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva Opening Remarks: H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa Key Remarks: ISDR context & the IRP Ms. Margareta Wahlström ASG and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, UN/OCHA (on behalf of ISDR secretariat) From disasters to reduced vulnerability the recovery opportunity Ms. Kathleen Cravero Strengthening Recovery Capacity in the SAARC region Mr. PG Dhar Chakrabarti Director, SAARC Center for Disaster Management Post-Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) an emerging tool for better recovery Mr. Ricardo Zapata-Marti Focal Point on Disaster Evaluation, Disaster Unit, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean () Discussion First Discussants Mr. Alfredo Lazarte-Hoyle, Director ad interim, Crisis Response and Reconstruction Programme, International Labour Organization (ILO) Ms. Cynthia Burton, Senior Officer, Post Disaster Recovery, Disaster Preparedness and Policy, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Donor countries and organizations Some participating countries and organizations Concluding Remarks: Mr. Satoru Nishikawa, Vice-chairperson of IRP Steering Committee, Director, Cabinet Office of Japan 2

4 SUMMARY OF PROCEEDINGS Opening Remarks Ms. Kathleen Cravero, Assistant Administrator and Director, BCPR/UNDP welcomed the participants, invitees and the observers in attendance. H.E. Ambassador Makio Miyagawa, the Permanent Mission of Japan to the United Nations in Geneva made the opening remarks. H.E. Miyagawa, in his opening remarks, briefly introduced the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) IRP is representing and following up the implementation of HFA, and having been made for strengthening the ISDR system. Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is an important component for sustainable development, and the progress for human security. Japan has been enhancing for implementing HFA not only just within the country, but also at global level through combining the assistance under ODA, international cooperation, various agencies, and regional cooperation in Asia, by putting all those resources together so as to materialize and realize the HFA as soon as possible. H.E. Miyagawa appreciated the activities of IRP; and further highlighted the active role of HFA in cooperation with wide international organizations including ISDR, World Bank, UNDP, IFRC, etc. He acknowledged that IRP since two years of its establishment has helped in building a stronger cooperation among various stakeholders and is now recognized well for promoting recovery in DRR. Amongst various activities of IRP, one of the important highlights was the recently held symposium in Kobe, which hosted about 300 people, from 34 countries, and 20 agencies, including 4 ministers from Tsunami affected countries. The Forum discussed the part of development of national systems for disaster reduction through sharing of case studies, and the knowledge and experience have been widely exchanged in various countries. At the regional level, in South Asia, the SAARC member states are making use of Japanese organizations knowledge and networks, for the planning of projects for strengthening earthquake risk reduction. 3

5 Key Remarks ISDR context & the IRP Ms. Margareta Wahlström Assistant Secretary General and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator, UN/OCHA (on behalf of ISDR Secretariat) Speaking on behalf of the ISDR secretariat, Ms Margareta Wahlström, in her key remarks, highlighted that having to make efforts to bring together the knowledge and experience systematically for incorporating risk reduction completely into the design and implementation of recovery programs and also to integrate disaster risk reduction and post disaster for longer term issues. She highlighted the role and vitality of IRP within ISDR system in promoting DRR, especially through recovery related aspects. Towards this end, a set of outputs/deliverables emanating from IRP were highlighted. From the humanitarian perspective, humanitarian reform refine from a technical perspective for organizing the capacity and ensure prospecting coordination of planning, different elements of relief interventions, and in that regards there was also the establishment of early recovery cluster. The early recovery cluster was created to ensure recovery people, recovery expertise, recovery thinking just from the beginning of the relief; it is not something which happens after. She mentioned about the ongoing strengthening of the ISDR system in order to provide strong leadership engagement to disaster risk reduction community in the implementation of HFA. The part of strengthening incorporates the critical issue of recovery and to that effect within the ISDR system it was agreed to support this platform. Ms. Wahlström further elaborated on the various aspects related to recovery planning based on the global learning processes; common needs assessment methodologies; establishing DRR and recovery linkages through common tools, techniques and guidelines; related institutional, financial and policy issues. 4

6 From Disaster to Reduced Vulnerability the Recovery Opportunity Ms. Kathleen Cravero Ms. Cravero introduced the IRP and highlighted the opportunity it holds to serve as a global catalyst for increased capacity to turn disasters into opportunities for reduced vulnerability and future risk. Further she made the following key points: The impact of disasters on human life and property is being demonstrated with increasing frequency. Decades of progress and development gains disappear overnight Recovery, from the very onset of disaster event early recovery and further downstream in the response, provides an unparalleled opportunity to introduce measures to reduce vulnerability and future risk, as well as to address pre-existing inequalities within and between affected communities. Much more can and needs to be done in order to capitalize fully on this recovery opportunity. Not enough is known about the mechanics of effective disaster recovery practices, and not enough is done to support governments of high-risk countries to develop their capacities to effectively manage crucial recovery processes. With this in mind, the government of Japan, together with a consortium of international organizations, proposed the establishment of the International Recovery Platform in the World conference on Disaster Reduction 2005 in Kobe. UNDP is pleased to have been a part of this process right from the beginning and to hold the current chair of the IRP Steering Committee in the person of my deputy in Geneva Miguel Bermeo and also lead the secretariat in Kobe with the benevolent support of the government of Japan and the Hyogo Prefecture government. Ms Kathleen Cravero further complemented how IRP is striving to address the existing gaps in recovery processes besides providing the technical support, knowledge management tools and building the community of practitioners during post-disaster recovery. The knowledge management tools like TRIAMS and PDNA were highlighted as important IRP deliverables. With the networking efforts along with coordination IRP has been functioning as a thematic platform of ISDR. As a key thematic platform of the strengthened ISDR system, the IRP contributes to the identification of gaps and constraints currently experienced in disaster recovery. It serves as a catalyst for the development of knowledge, tools and resources for resilient recovery. With time we are convinced that the IRP will become the international source of knowledge on good recovery practice, not the least with the help of the new website currently under development. The IRP does this by reaching out to the broadest possible range of recovery stakeholders in its Community of Practice open to participation by all actors and all stakeholders in disaster recovery. Between its partner organizations those who participate in its work plan or otherwise make substantial contributions to its work the IRP draws a wide range of experience and expertise for the identification gaps and development of knowledge resources. 5

7 Strengthening Recovery Capacity in the SAAC Region Mr. PG Dhar Chakrabarti Director, SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) In his presentation, Mr. Chakrabarti described about the current situation of SAARC region, touched upon the layers of vulnerability in South Asia - highlighting some of the mega disasters the region had faced in recent times, their overall impact and the practices being followed while responding to these disasters. He highlighted systemic deficiency in handling natural disasters in the region. He also appraised the initiatives taken by respective national governments to enhance their capacities. Drawing from the experiences in South Asia, he listed out five lessons It is possible to reduce loss life and property through preparedness; Preparedness is necessary at every level: such as national, provincial, local and community level; Preparedness is necessary for every sector; Pre-disaster Recovery Planning is necessary for better coordination among all the sectors at different levels; Pre-disaster Recovery Planning needs to formalize in form of manuals and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Elaborating further he outlined the following five principles of recovery: Holistic: covering housing, infrastructure, education, livelihood, health, psycho-social care, etc; Long-term in terms of having livelihood support through development of skills, provisioning of credit and marketing support etc; Build back better ensuring that the houses and infrastructure constructed after disasters withstand the hazards and risks of nature and the hazards do not become disasters again, Sustainability integrating environmental issues, and; Inclusive by way of benefiting and risk reduction to poor and vulnerable-women, children, aged, physically and mentally challenged people. With regard to the recovery framework, he highlighted three levels of Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning: Short-term recovery planning: for a monthimmediate search and rescue, emergency, health, shelter, foods, clothes, damage assessments, restoration of critical infrastructure, etc; 6

8 Intermediate recovery planning: for one to six months that includes intermediate shelters, health care system, psycho-social care etc; and Long - term recovery planning: six months to three years on permanent health, resilient housing and other physical and social infrastructure, livelihood and psycho-social recovery, documentation of experiences/ lessons learnt. Further he highlighted that capacity building is the most critical issue in SAARC region. The steps taken up by SAARC member countries in terms of setting up SAARC Meteorological Research Centre at Dhaka, SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre, Male and SAARC Disaster Management Centre (SDMC) Delhi have been helpful in promoting regional cooperation. While briefing about SDMC he highlighted the vision, mission and functions, providing the necessary institutional support towards capacity building. He also presented the capacity development framework for the region focused on multihazard, multi-sectoral and multi-layers issues and orchestrated SDMC in that perspective. Lastly, he informed that SDMC would be closely associated with implementation of regional capacity building for Earthquake Risk Reduction Project in South Asia in collaboration with IRP. He proposed stronger linkages between SDMC and IRP in the days to come. 7

9 Strengthening Recovery Capacity in SAARC Region Side Event of International Recovery Platform Global Platform for DRR Geneva, 6 th June 2007 P.G.Dhar Chakrabarti Director SAARC Disaster Management Centre New Delhi 1 South Asia Hazards of nature Largest, youngest and most seismic active mountain system Largest non-polar glacial deposits melting due to effects of global warming Heavy rainfall and high silt load on water bodies causing recurrent flood over large areas Larger area facing droughts due to scanty rainfall and depleting ground water level km coastline and many islands threatened by cyclones, storm surge and sea level rise 2 Layers of vulnerabilities With 23% of world population, South Asia produces only 1.3% of world income 40% of world poor (500 million) live in South Asia Half of malnourished children belong to South Asia 46% of world illiterates also belong to South Asia South Asia has the lowest sex ratio reflecting deeply rooted gender discrimination in society 1.4 billion people of South Asia is still growing at more than 2% per annum Unplanned urban areas growing at faster rate of 4.5% per annum creating further layer of urban vulnerabilities 3 Fatalism Disasters integral part of living in South Asia Rapid disasters like earthquake, cyclone, flood, landslide, avalanche take heavy toll of life Slow onset disasters like drought, epidemics, infant and maternal mortality take heavier toll Communities have learnt to cope with disasters, but more often they are resigned to their fate Typically disasters are perceived as Angers of God or Wrath of Nature 4 Recent mega disasters in South Asia Country Bangladesh Bangladesh India India India India Pakistan Afghanistan Sri Lanka Disaster Cyclone 1970 Cyclone 1991 Earthquake 1993 Cyclone 1999 Earthquake 2001 Tsunami 2004 Earthquake 2005 Drought 2000 Tsunami 2004 Deaths 300, , , ,399 People affected 20 million 15 million 1 million 15 million 1.8 million 3.5 million 5 million 2.5 million 1 million 5 Impact of disasters Estimated GDP loss range between 2 to 20% and revenue loss between 12 to 66% Erodes hard earned gains of development Divert scarce resources to relief and rehabilitation Aggravates poverty and causes distress to more vulnerable groups - women, children, aged and disabled Affects fragile eco-system of the region 6 8

10 System exposed No scientific hazard- risk-vulnerability mapping Inadequate early warning system Absence of techno-legal regime for safe building Poor community awareness and preparedness Environmental degradation precipitating disasters Development projects creating new disasters Primitive search and rescue system for disasters Poor disaster communication system Inadequate relief management In short, entire disaster management system was unprofessional and amateurish 7 Improving systems Disasters provided opportunities to learn and improve Bangladesh developed community based early warning, evacuation and shelter India has developed a holistic system of disaster management covering pre and post disaster phases Pakistan enacted its law creating National Disaster Management Commission Sri Lanka developed national policy and legislation Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan and Maldives are in the process of developing their legal and institutional framework for disaster management 8 Five Lessons Learnt in Recovery 1. It is possible to reduce loss of life and property through preparedness 2. Preparedness is necessary at every level national, provincial, local and community 3. Preparedness is necessary in every sector 4. Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning to ensure better coordination among various sectors in different levels 5. Such planning needs to be formalized in the shape of manuals and Standard Operating Procedures so that there is no confusion during and after disasters 9 Five principles of recovery 1. Holistic - cover housing, infrastructure, education, livelihood, health, psycho-social care etc. 2. Long term - provide livelihood support including development of skill, provisioning of credit and marketing support etc 3. Build back better - ensure that the houses and infrastructure constructed after disasters withstand the hazards and risks of nature and the hazards do not become disasters again 4. Sustainable - integrate environmental issues, such regeneration of mangroves, conservation of water, 5. Inclusive - care for poor and vulnerable - women, children, aged, physically and mentally challenged people 10 Sort Term (0-30 days) Search and rescue Emergency health Temporary shelter Food, clothes Damage assessment Restoration of critical infrastructure (power, telephone, drinking water etc) Recovery framework Recovery Pre- Disaster Recovery Planning Intermediate (1 to 6 months) Intermediate shelter Health Care Continuation of support for food, clothes etc Psycho-social care School and day care Preparation of long term recovery plan Arranging resources Long Term (6 m to 3 years) Permanent housing Livelihood support Restoration of physical Infrastructure Restoration of social infrastructure Psycho-social recovery Documentation Memorials 11 Capacity building Capacity building is most critical for disaster preparedness and pre-disaster planning Huge gaps in capacity in South Asia Sustained efforts required for capacity development Increased regional cooperation necessary A few significant steps have been taken in the recent past to enhance regional cooperation in South Asia 12 9

11 SAARC Meteorological Research Centre, Dhaka SAARC Coastal Zone Management Centre, Male Undertaking research on weather predication, monsoon and other weather phenomena; Compiling climatological information required for weather forecasting and agricultural activities; Monitoring special weather conditions; Developing a networking system with the member countries to obtain data and to provide processed information to the members 13 Collect, compile and disseminate information through networking among the Member States; Assess and standardize planning methodologies for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM); Provide support for the promotion and development of ICZM concepts, methodologies and planning tools; Assist in institutional strengthening and human resources development for capacity building in ICZM; and Conduct and coordinate research in the field of coastal zone management and facilitate technology transfer 14 SAARC Comprehensive Framework on Disaster Management Establish and strengthen regional disaster management system to reduce risks and to improve response and recovery Share best practices and lessons learnt from disaster risk reduction efforts at national levels Establish a regional system to develop and implement regional programs and projects for early warning Establish a regional system of exchanging information on prevention, preparedness and management of disasters Create a regional response mechanism dedicated to disaster preparedness, emergency relief and rehabilitation and Create a regional mechanism to facilitate monitoring and evaluation of achievements towards goals and strategies 15 SAARC Disaster Management Centre Vision: to be a vibrant centre of excellence for knowledge, research and capacity development on disaster management Mission: to serve the Member Countries by providing policy advice and facilitating capacity development services including strategic learning, research, training, system development and exchange of information for effective disaster risk reduction. 16 Functions collect, compile, document and disseminate data, information, case studies and good practices on every aspect of disaster management in the Member Countries; analyze information and undertake research on different aspects of disaster management; develop educational materials and conduct academic and professional courses on disaster management; organize training programmes for various stakeholders on disaster management in the Member Countries; 17 Develop training modules and conduct ToT programmes and simulation exercises; Provide assistance in the formulation of policies, strategies and framework by the Member Countries Organize workshops, conferences, seminars, lectures etc on various aspects of disaster management in the Member Countries; Undertake publication of journals, research papers and books and maintain online resource centers in furtherance of the aforesaid objects

12 Strategies Network with national focal points and with the concerned regional and international bodies; Assist national focal points to develop appropriate models for networking with their research, training and other institutions ; Develop a network of networking institutions to facilitate quick acquisition, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information, data and knowledge on disaster management including linkages with approved real-time data providers ; Use information and communication technologies to develop a virtual resource centre for disaster management in South Asia. 19 Capacity Development Framework Multi-hazard Multi-sectoral Multi-layer 20 Steps taken so far All the national governments have taken significant steps for training and capacity building on disaster management A template for conducting Training Need Analysis in South Asia has been developed A programme and budget for regional training programmes and workshops have been approved 21 Synergy with IRP SAARC Disaster Management Centre to be closely associated with implementation of regional capacity building for Earthquake Risk Reduction Project in South Asia The project would be implemented in collaboration with IRP-UNDP Separately a JICA funded project on South Asia Disaster Risk Reduction has recently been approved. The details are under consideration. 22 Thank you 23 11

13 Post Disaster Needs Assessment (PDNA) - an emerging tool for better recovery Mr. Ricardo Zapata- Marti Focal Point on Disaster Evaluation, Disaster Unit, United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean () Mr. Zapata mentioned about PDNA as a process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster assessment. Recounting the experiences he highlighted it as an analytical tool to determine damage and losses, which in turn brings about a systematic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery and reconstruction; a cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system s agencies knowledge and experiences. Further, he stressed on the increasing need on properly assessing economic/human/social/environmental needs and that the human faces of post conflict and post disaster pose more than just a methodological challenge. PDNP is a process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster damage and needs assessments. In a similar passion as the PCNA is a tool for the post-conflict. It is already practiced in Latin America. It has systemic integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery, and sustainable development and it is possible to have cooperative efforts with UN systems, agencies knowledge and experience. PDNA becomes the recovery tool to increase capacity to respond at the country level by having government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster recovery preparation and by having international donors financially institutions and UN country teams, prepositioning to ensure coordination action. He highlighted how PDNA supports IRP objectives in terms of developing a technical sound common methodology to assess damage and post disaster recovery needs in a way that can provide a framework for the planning of coordinated recovery efforts across different sectors (shelter, livelihoods, governance, environment, etc.) with a risk reduction focus. On the other hand, PDNA also serves the needs of the IASC Cluster Working Group on Early Recovery (CWGER) to develop a post-disaster recovery needs assessment methodology. He highlighted that the development of PDNA methodology, guidelines and toolkit therefore respond to the work-plans of both the IRP and the CWGER. This development of a PDNA is seen as a threestaged process: A stocktaking exercise (being completed at present) Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise) Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007) 12

14 He highlighted that have the possibility to assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be particularly addressed over the short-medium post-disaster, and must identify and anticipate continuous early recovery efforts that happen within the communities and devise strategy to accelerate these and strengthen local capacities to support this. It is important get the picture as soon as possible of the early recovery needs relating to different social, economic, gender, age, minority groups, ethnic groups etc. and promotes joint capacities in undertaking this task for damage and needs assessment beyond emergency with an integrated approach. In essence, it was highlighted that as we move from the emergency needs to the early recovery, long-term recovery and finally to sustainable development, PDNA does provide the sectorwise damage and needs assessment. It has thus got dynamic framework capturing the recovery needs from the beginning to the end. Further he pointed that PDNA as a product attempts to fill the critical gaps as highlighted below: A set of methodologies and guidelines accurately and reliably assessing disasterrelated physical damages and economic losses, identifying and defining early recovery needs on the basis of those damage and loss patterns and for planning early recovery activities on the basis of the needs identified. The guidelines also address medium and longer-term recovery needs and planning including a risk reduction strategy. A set of tools to underpin the methodologies and guidelines, capable of analyzing and displaying data on physical damages and economic losses with a national level of observation and local level of resolution in the temporal, spatial and semantic domains. He highlighted that the primary purpose of the PDNA is to provide all actors in the recovery process, including national and local authorities, international agencies and local communities, with a multi-sectoral, technical overview of the damage and loss patterns and the principal rehabilitation and reconstruction needs and priorities to be addressed during post disaster recovery. Further, he also discussed PDNA based strategy for need assessment process for humanitarian disasters/er Clusters taken up by UN HABITAT and ILO-FAO livelihood assessment strategies. He highlighted the compatibility of PDNA methodologies of early recovery assessments for example; - ILO s livelihood assessments methodology fits into the PDNA process, -UN Habitat s work relating to the development of the rapid need for the shelter and housing sector also fits into the PDNA. The compatibility was rehearsed and demonstrated in a very specific case of Bolivia floods a month ago. Lastly, he proposed to have PDNA based training of UN country teams and governmental agencies in charge of disaster management as well as disseminating PDNA tools, techniques and products to the stakeholders. Training before the disaster happens and building on the local capacity in terms of the improved and common methodologies is seen as crucial to the PDNA process. 13

15 Post-Disaster Needs Assessment PDNA an emerging tool for better recovery IRP - A Global Catalyst for Better Recovery Geneva, 6 June 2007 The increasing concern on properly assessing economic/human/social/environmental needs: the human faces of post-conflict and post disaster pose more than a methodological challenge Ricardo Zapata-Marti UN Focal Point for Disaster Assessment Assessment Ricardo Zapata 2 The PDNA 1. A process, a framework for coordination and cooperation and a tool for integrated post disaster assessment 2. s experience: an analytical tool to determine damage and losses 3. A systemic, integrated approach that moves from early to longer term needs to recovery and reconstruction 4. An cooperative effort that encompasses the UN system s agencies knowledge and experience 5. The specific need of post disaster early recovery needs assessment. How response can lead to resilience and sustainability 6. A tool for increased capacity to respond at the country level: Government capacity building and strengthening pre-disaster recovery preparation International donors, financial institutions and UN country team s s pre-positioning positioning to ensure prompt coordinated action Synergies are starting to happen Collaboration in the field: REDLAC, UNETT Concrete examples of collaboration: ILO/FAO development of a livelihood assessment methodology that fits into a PDNA process UN-HABITAT development of a rapid needs assessment Try/rehearseal rehearseal of developing methodologies in a specicif case: the Bolivia El Niño o 2007 assessment Synergy with IFIs (IDB in LAC, WB ongoing work and framework for WB/UN joint post- disaster assessment) Ricardo Zapata 3 Ricardo Zapata 4 PDNA for Recovery (visit the (visit the google group) This development of a PDNA is seen as a three- staged process: - A stocktaking exercise (being completed at present) - Analysis of the similarities, potential overlapping and gaps (as derived from stocktaking exercise) - Proposal of guidelines and tools for their harmonization and application in a way that avoids duplication and proposes integrated assessment (to be completed by July 2007) Advance on the PDNA process Where are we now? Advance in consultancies Information management Damage and loss assessment methodologies Mapping of existing methods and tools Converging efforts A case story: the Bolivia assessment Needs assessment methodologies Mapping of existing methods and tools Gender perspective in needs assessments Mapping of existing methods and tools Ricardo Zapata 5 Ricardo Zapata 6 14

16 Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process? 1. Not a new methodology: building on existing tools and knowledge 2. Promote coherence, consistency and appropriate response that leads to recovery 3. Insert in a systemic risk management process as part of development agenda 4. Allow transition from emergency to recovery, recuperation and reconstruction 5. Similar in content to PCNA, to launch joint concerted assessment process 6. CAPACITY BUILDING: at the national level within governmental institutions and to the UN country team to enable pre-disaster response capabilities Ricardo Zapata 7 Why a Post-disaster recovery needs assessment process? Objectives of the Early Recovery Needs Assessment Identify priority programme interventions that facilitate early recovery and transition, with involvement of different stakeholders in a rapid, coordinated manner. Assess key vulnerabilities and identify how these will be strategically addressed over the short to medium post disaster. Identify and anticipate spontaneous early recovery efforts and devise strategies to accelerate and strengthen local capacities to support these. It is important to get as complete a picture as possible of the early recovery needs of the different socio-economic, gender, age and minority groups. Promote joint capacities and incorporate existing DANAs beyond the emergency through integrated approach and pre- response agreement on cooperation Ricardo Zapata 8 The Timing of Disaster Effects: a reminder Sequencing, coordination of interventions Emergency needs Recovery needs (fill the gap from immediate response to recovery in order to reduce losses) Damage Time, months Losses Full Reconstruction and Economic Recovery 5 yrs Ricardo Zapata 9 Post Disaster Plans Recovery Reconstruction and Programmes Emergency Response Development Needs Assessment RECONSTRUCTION BACK TO DEVELOPMENT NEEDS Data RECOVERY (FRAMEWORK) NEEDS EARLY RECOVERY NEEDS EMERGENCY NEEDS Before Local level After Area based Recovery Reconstruction Quick impact Community Framework Strategy assessment Driven (Donors (IFIs working (Flash appeal) Conference) Group) 3-77 days 2 weeks 1 month 2-33 months Ricardo Zapata 10 SECTOR BY SECTOR BUILDING BLOCKS AND CROSS CUTTING ISSUES (sectoral and area approaches complement and feed on each other) Social Sectors Housing Health Education, culture, sports Infrastructure Transport and communications Energy Water and sewerage Productive sectors Goods: agriculture, industry Services: commerce, tourism, etc. Global impact Sustainability (effects on the environment) Equity and rights (Gender perspective) Livelihoods (Employment and social conditions) Absorptive capacity (Macroeconomic conditions) Governance (security and institutional capacities) Ricardo Zapata 11 A Cartesian perspective : the axis to put needs in perspective EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY REHABILIATION - RECONSTRUCTION HORIZONTALLY: data collection, information management that leads to multi-tiered tiered analysis from emergency through reconstruction CROSS CUTTING, INCLUSIVE OF SECTORS S S EXPERTISE AND INSTITUTIONS Ricardo Zapata 12 15

17 FROM LOCAL TO DEVELOPMENT Base line data PRE DISASTER (from early warning to immediate coping) Statistical offices, economic and social indicators EMERGENCY AND HUMANTIARIAN RESPONSE (immediate) Disaster management agencies, OCHA, IFRC, local Red Cross/Crescent, NGOs, bilateral donors (OFDA, ECHO, etc.) RECOVERY PHASE (immediate or early to short term) RECONSTRUCTION PHASE (short to long term) Economic, technical and sector capacities, financing needs and gaps DEVELOPMENT AGENDA HDI, MDGs, Country s development strategy, CAS, etc. REGIONAL RECONSTRUCTION Risk and vulnerability assessments Meteorological and geographic hazard mapping (national, regional, international sources), GIS, remote sensing, statistical series, etc. Existing response plans, resources, capacities, communities at risk, etc. Hotspots, GRIP (as information provider) NATIONAL RECOVERY NEEDS Disaster damage and losses data Preparedness: prepositioned shelters, supplies, evacuation and response plans, etc. Emergency relief information (affected population, mortality/morbidit y, shelters, wat/san, nutrition, health, etc.) PDNA Financial ministries, international financial institutions, donors and NGOs (consultative groups, donor conferences, etc.) Planning ministries, inline ministries, UNDP, IFIs, donors and NGOs - INTERNATIONAL PRE-EXISTING EXISTING RISK CONDITIONS BASELINE Needs assessment Strategic planning recovery and reconstruction framework Improved preparedness, early warning, organization and training, capacity building Damage and loss assessment and damage and needs identified sectoral and at local level Development of programmes, projects and actions Reconstruction needs based on dialogue /negotiation with affected community / population / geographical or political unit / countrywide Implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reassessment Improved resilience, risk reduction, transfer and inclusion of risk appropriation to development framework Ricardo Zapata 13 Ricardo Zapata 14 Needs Assessment Process for Humanitarian Disasters/Early Recovery cluster (UN HABITAT) Pre-disaster: development phase Disaster: relief and response phase IN IN COORDINATION WITH 13. Early recovery planning Development COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL of plans to implement early recovery counter measures NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES 1. Development reports Ongoing monitoring of development in countries AUTHORITIES 7. Alerting Production and dissemination of alerts regarding actual or possible humanitarian disasters 14. Flash Appeal Production and issuance of a flash appeal which have/may confront disasters (severity, exposure, vulnerability) Illustrative authorities, systems and tools: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Illustrative systems: Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System Provides near real-time alerts about natural 15. Early recovery operations Development Index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis disasters around the world Implementation of early recovery plans based on the response Index HEWS Provider of analysis of possible occurrence of to the flash appeal TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 2. Research Identification of guiding disasters TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS TIMEFRAME: 72 HOURS TO 2 WEEKS authorities for post-disaster needs assessment 8. Technical loss estimation Post-disaster: recovery phase (all phases) Illustrative authorities: Chambers and Conway Production and dissemination of technical estimates of hazard severity (rehabilitation and reconstruction) IN Sustainable Livelihoods: Practical Concepts for the Illustrative authority: WAPMERR Provides loss estimates COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL 21st Century ; Australian Standard AS/NZS 4360:2004 Risk Management. for M6 earthquakes in populated areas TIMEFRAME: FIRST HOURS AUTHORITIES 16. Needs assessment recovery TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 9. Information flow Facilitation of the flow Analysis and recommendation of counter measures to restore or improve pre-disaster development outcomes 3. Quality control Development and of operational information Illustrative tools: Handbook for Estimating the Socio- dissemination of standards for post-disaster needs assessment tools and systems Examples: agreed indicators; agreed timelines; agreed information flow; agreed terminology TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 4. Tool and system development / inventory Design, testing and inventory of systems and tools for steps 7 to19 across all clusters TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 5. Base-line data preloading Identification of baseline data sources and pre-loading tools and systems Illustrative sources: UN Millennium Development Indicators; UNDP Human Development index; ECHO Vulnerability and Crisis Index TIMEFRAME: ONGOING ACTIVITY 6. Training, exercises and awareness Design and conduct of programming for persons completing and receiving post-disaster needs assessments as well as appeal documents TIMEFRAME:ONGOING ACTIVITY Illustrative systems: OCHA-OSOCC; OCHA-ReliefWeb; GLIDE ; UNOSAT Provider and coordinator of disaster satellite images and maps TIMEFRAME: FIRST 12 HOURS 10. Needs assessment relief and response Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Illustrative tools: OCHA situation reports; SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards TIMEFRAME: FIRST 24 HOURS 11. Relief and response planning Development of plans to implement relief and response counter measures TIMEFRAME: FIRST 48 HOURS Post-disaster: early recovery phase COORDINATION WITH NATIONAL/LOCAL AUTHORITIES Economic and Environmental Effects of Disasters; GTZ, UNDP, World Bank, UNDG Practical Guide to Multilateral Needs Assessments in Post-Conflict Situations 17. Recovery planning Development of plans to implement recovery (rehabilitation and reconstruction) counter measures 18. Donor Conference Conduct of a donor conference 19. Project Management Implementation and monitoring of recovery plans based on response to donor conference TIMEFRAME: 3 WEEKS ONWARDS 12. Needs assessment early recovery Analysis and recommendation of relevant counter measures Repeat from Step 1 Illustrative authorities, systems and tools: Immediate Shelter Impact Assessment; Immediate Livelihood Impact Assessment; Methodology Rapid Assessment for Humanitarian Assistance Ricardo Zapata 15 ILO FAO LIVELIHOOD ASSESSMENT SEQUENCE Ricardo Zapata 16 Restating the principles on which to build the process ( things( things that matter) The MULTI layer approach: multisectoral multi-institutional, institutional, multi- hazards and multi-risk, multi-cultural The GAP to be addressed: an area of needs is not adequately identified (after the emergency, and as humanitarian needs are identified requirements must be met while the reconstruction process is under way) The OVERLAP to be avoided: proactive response after a disaster may lead to multiple, sometimes repetitive assessments by many actors s (that must add together but should not repeat the process) The SUBSIDIARITY PRINCIPLE: : UN (and other bilateral and NGOs) cooperation is to supply the affected with what they cannot provide by themselves: a demand driven process The VISION and MISSION to be shared: (an agreed conceptual framework): recovery as part of a process that moves forward (not t back to) a sustainable development process that is defined by the affected Issues crucial to PDNA Common understanding Experience and knowledge share Technical considerations Harmonization, transfer and access to information between methodologies and tools Organizational considerations Coordination, avoid duplication and agreed response and preparation platforms Sequencing of assessments (simultaneity and non- duplication) Trade-offs Timeliness, accuracy and costs Training and research to advance Ricardo Zapata 17 Ricardo Zapata 18 16

18 What actions are needed? Pre-planning coordination Respond in a coordinated way to government multiple / conflicting / overlapping requests The PDNA integrated proposal will have to be ground tested and, on that basis, generate a dissemination / training programme that goes to UN country teams in the filed and to governments institutions that are in charge of emergency management, disaster assessment and disaster reduction planning and policy formulation (including budgeting and financing) ng) Some concrete proposals (so far) Comparability of data requires pre-disaster training and capabilities generation (within UN and governments at ground level) Use of common data-gathering platform (standardization of information gathering) Mapping of several results to be obtained sequentially, under a common framework (based on multisectoral, global approach) Ground-test partial methodologies in a coordinated umbrella Use of satellite imagery for assessment (if appropriate baseline pre disaster data is available) Ricardo Zapata 19 Ricardo Zapata 20 Coordination and training at the top that allows (promotes) teamwork at the ground, field, level: UN country team to establish procedures that allow for cooperative, inclusive process that will be followed in post disaster process. Recognize and interact with national governmental capacities Recognize that the ownership of the recovery and reconstruction, i.e. the definition of the needs, is of the affected (community, local, national) Training before the disaster based on local capacities, on existing tools and methodologies. Where are we going to be in July? First, a mapping of existing tools Secondly, an identification of ongoing methodological efforts Thirdly, advance in cross-cutting cutting issues (gender, environment) Fourthly, concrete proposals for linkage and harmonisation of existing tools and methodolgies, through adaptation, coordination and addressing existing gaps An initial version of a PDNA consisting of: operational integrated guide for the assessment process, Information management tool proposal, and highlighting next steps that can be ground tested Ricardo Zapata 21 Ricardo Zapata 22 Thank you! groups.google.com/group/pdna-for-recoveryrecovery Ricardo Zapata 23 17

19 Discussion International Labour Organization (ILO) Mr Alfredo Lazarte-Hoyle, Director, Crisis Response and Reconstruction Programme, appreciated SAARC-UNDP/IRP joint initiative on Pre-DRP and opined that it has to be extended to the local level in support of strengthening recovery processes; importance to be attached to livelihood recovery to the poor and vulnerable; Pre-DRP to also take into account the accountability and transparency factors in recovery operations. Swiss Agency for Development and Coordination (SDC) Mr. Marco Ferrari, Deputy Head of Humanitarian Aid, started by saying that he has been one of the strong supporters of the IRP and highlighted the following three points: The critical importance of learning from past disasters to improve recovery; to strengthen collaboration which is at the heart of HFA and has also been reiterated by the Tsunami evaluation coalition support. IRP has the potential to become the driving force for recovery as a part of the ISDR system, should lead coordinated and effective action avoiding the overlaps. To support the community of practice approach, and favoured the idea of recurrent Forum for discussion and exchange of experiences Finally, he emphasised the need to work together in a coordinated and efficient way so as to realise the goals of HFA early. In this context IRP needs the active participation all the stake holders including governments as also donors who are invited to join these efforts. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Ms Cynthia Burton, Senior Officer, Post Disaster Recovery, Disaster Preparedness and Policy, highlighted the need for localization of PDNA tools, the challenges of bringing in local perspectives in resilient recovery and closer partnership with local NGOs/governments. She viewed IRP as a movement and looked forward to more international, humanitarian, local, NGOs, and community based organizations joining the process and partnerships, so also encouraging governments to implement PDNA process. She was of the opinion that international terminologies of recovery are often confusing and need to be contextualized for better adaptation at micro-levels. The national capacity for adaptation of PDNA needs to be built upon and IRP priorities rightly reflect this. United Nations Humanitarian Settlement Programme (UN-HABITAT) Ms. Mariko Sato, Coordinator, Rapid Response for Settlement in Crisis, highlighted 18

20 that the recovery challenges in SAARC region, which need to be addressed through creative IRP networking; the need for capacity building on the ground in SAARC region; addressing gender issues and strengthening of vulnerable sections of the society as an effective strategy of recovery. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN/OCHA) Mr. Fabrizio Gentiloni highlighted three major challenges coordination among multiple actors under the overall umbrella of a thematic network like IRP; funding support for networking activities, and; finding new mechanism for recovery wherein community participation could be encouraged. Asian Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC) Mr. Koji Suzuki, Executive Director, mentioned about the leadership role ADRC has been playing to promote IRP right from the beginning and further highlighted the partnership with IRP to strengthen tsunami recovery. Ethiopia The representative from Ethiopia briefed about the gaps in recovery processes while responding to the recent floods in the country. The partnership effort through IRP was highlighted to address such gaps in developing countries. India Mr. Panjiar, Secretary (Disaster Management) from the Ministry of Home Affairs, highlighted the recovery program for South Asia particularly in the SAARC region. India, over the years, has developed very effective recovery programs for handling reconstruction and long term recovery. The government is constantly engaged in advocating that the new recovery paradigm should lead to coordinated rebuilding of the related sectors of economic, social, livelihood and environment with the active involvement of NGOs and local community. He further highlighted the efforts undertaken by India through enactment of a comprehensive disaster management bill, creation of Disaster Management Authorities at Central and State levels and formulation of Disaster Management policy, which have considerably enhanced the preparedness level in the country. 19

21 Concluding Remarks Mr. Satoru Nishikawa, Director, Cabinet Office of Japan, in his concluding remarks, highlighted the following: The challenges facing IRP are (i) to function as a catalyst at the global level, (ii) to generate, enable and disseminate newer and innovative ideas, and; (iii) to develop, organize and disseminate suitable knowledge products for better recovery; Cultivating and promoting IRP as a delivery centric thematic platform of ISDR; Enriching and strengthening of IRP by sharing ideas and closer partnership efforts; And lastly, IRP goals to be linked ultimately to achieve sustainable development in the long term. The meeting ended with expressed thanks to the chair, co-chair, all the participants and especially the IRP secretariat which took the initiative to organise the event. 20

22 Side Event at the First Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction International Recovery Platform - a Global Catalyst for Better Recovery <Summary Report > International Recovery Platform (IRP) Secretariat Hitomirai-kan 5F Wakinohamakaigan-dori, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo , JAPAN Tel: Fax: Website: irp@recoveryplatform.org