BUILDING E-RESILIENCE T H E R O L E O F I C T S I N D R M I N T H E P H I L I P P I N E S

Transcription

1 BUILDING E-RESILIENCE T H E R O L E O F I C T S I N D R M I N T H E P H I L I P P I N E S Prepared for DOST-ICTO by: E. Alampay, A. Panao, and R. Rye 22 April 2015

2 OUTLINE Legal and policy Context Evolution of Philippine Disaster Framework Assessment of ICT Readiness Local Trends and Applications of ICT Systems in use for DRM Disaster Prevention & Mitigation Disaster Preparedness Disaster Response Disaster Recovery Lessons and Recommendations

3 LEGAL AND POLICY CONTEXT Risk Reduction and Management as a Legal Duty The state has committed to provide maximum care, assistance, and services to individuals and families affected by disaster, implement emergency rehabilitation projects to lessen the impact of disaster and facilitate the resumption of normal social and economic activities. Sec. 2 RA Legal context of DRM in the Philippines Philippine Disaster Act of 2010 (RA 10121) Climate Change Act of 2009 People s Survival Fund Act Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection Act

4 EVOLUTION OF THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER FRAMEWORK PERIOD/Law Commonwealth Civil Defense Act PD 1566 Climate Change Act 2009 & PDRRM 2010 FOCUS/Contribution Preparedness for war/national defense Preparedness for natural calamities An integrative approach towards disaster policy formulation; seen still as a concern of National Defense adopts UN definition for disasters & in turn, disaster risk reduction

5 ADOPTION OF U.N. DEFINITION FOR DISASTER a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and impacts which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources (Sec. 3g of CC Act) This definition expands the notion of what disaster countries should prepare for. No longer limited to WAR or NATURAL CALAMITIES

6 DEFINITION OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters, including through reduced exposures to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improved preparedness for adverse events.

7 DRM LAWS & ICTS Policy Provides for ICTs involved RA (Philippine Disaster Act of 2010) multi-stakeholder participation in the development, updating, and sharing of a DRRM Information System - Database or information system - GIS -based national risk maps a national early warning and emergency alert system to provide accurate and timely advice - digital & analog broadcast, cable, satellite TV & radio, and wireless and landline communications RA 9729 (Climate Change Act of 2009) RA (People Survival Fund Act) RA (Risk Reduction and Preparedness Equipment Protection Act) R & D, database development, and information dissemination Research, development, and promotion of technology financing the development of forecasting and early warning systems Punishes the theft, destruction, tampering, or illegal selling (fencing) of equipment used in risk reduction and prevention (e.g. arq) - database, new risk assessment technology - communication infrastructure - tools and technology relevant to climate change - forecasting and early warning ICT - government equipment and technology used in disaster reduction and management (e.g. tsunami warning and monitoring system).

8 BASED ON DRM LAWS : THE FUNCTIONS OF ICT ICTs as critical infra for Data Repository Use information for other services Data storage; Back-up System ICTs as Infra for communication Delivery of information Means for education Warning the population ICTs as an enabling mechanism for Information Systems Climate and DRR forecasting, mapping, modeling Early warning systems

9 ASSESSMENT OF E-RESILIENCE The concept of eresilience Resilience of functions Resilience of infrastructure (telecom, power, datacenters) State of ICT Infrastructure Existing ICT activities relevant to DRR Programs and initiatives that enhance DRR Regional DRR systems

10 E-RESILIENCE Resilience - ability to recover after a disaster as quickly as possible the ability of a system, community, or society exposed to hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to, and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures and functions (UNISDR 2009, 24). E-Resilience - ICTs role in DRM. Addresses not only software, and hardware, but also the communication aspect, and its ability to operate and recover during and after disasters

11 E-RESILIENCY : FUNCTION & STRUCTURE Addressing Vulnerability of infrastructures Location (e.g. locating data centers in safe and hazard safe areas; providing back-up for data, for communication, for power) Environmental (e.g. updating building standards) Limitations in design (e.g. building codes; frequency standards; information architecture) Network Security (e.g. physical security (e.g. terrorist attacks; bombs)) Addressing Vulnerability of Function People (e.g. capacity building to access and use ICTs) Interoperability (e.g. est. standards to make systems interoperable) Security (e.g. use policies (organizational policies for controlling access to various databases); cyber security from online attacks)

12 BUILDING BLOCKS OF E- GOVERNMENT (SOURCE: E-GOVERNMENT MASTERPLAN)

13 FOR EXAMPLE: SCHEMA FOR DATA SHARING Ex. Data Maps - Reports Raw Data Gathering Data Analysis User Access and Use Capacity for Analysis Download to Users A SCHEME FOR DATA SHARING A Central clearinghouse for government data Ease of upload/download of data Pay-per-use policy Rules for data use Raw Data Gathering System for Research Driven Policies Source: David (2012) as cited in Climate Change Commission- Philippines (2013: 30)

14 STATE OF ICT STRUCTURES Access to basic ICT services Broadband access Cable Landings Domestic Networks egov Infrastructure

15 ACCESS TO ICTS IN THE PHILIPPINES ( ) fixed telephone per 100 mobile/cellular per 100 fixed (wired) broadband per 100 % individuals using internet

16 STATE OF BROADBAND ACCESS (SOURCE: BROADBAND COMMISSION) Internet Access Indicator Percentage Access to fixed Broadband 2.6 Access to wireless broadband 20.3 Households with Internet 22.9 Individual Access to the Internet 37.0

17 CABLE LANDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES These include the Asia Pacific Cable Network (APCN, APCN-2, C2C, East Asia Crossing, Tata Global Network- Intra Asia, Asia- American Gateway (AAG) and Guam-Philippines (G-P), South-East Asia - Middle East - Western Europe 3 (SEA-ME- WE 3) distributed in five cable landing stations in Batangas, Ballesteros, Capepisa, La Union and Nasugbu

18 DOMESTIC NETWORKS Two (2) large domestic undersea cable systems forms a ring around the country: Digital Transmission Network(NDTN) Domestic Fibre Optic Network (DFON) Government Systems National Backbone Infrastructure (For its Municipal Telephone Program) PREGINET Satellite communications (Mabuhay)

19 EGOV INFRASTRUCTURE igovphil Fiber optic network (FON)- that will connect government agencies to a central data center Government Cloud Government Web Hosting Service TV White Space used in trials in areas hit by Typhoon Haiayan, such as Leyte Province, and in Bohol, which was hit by an earthquake in Government and NGOs were able to provide internet access during relief operations. Integrated system digital broadcast TV aligned with planned digital TV migration and reception of early warning broadcast system (EWBS) during a disaster Revised Building Code Standards related to ICT Infrastructure

20 FUNCTIONS: EXAMPLES OF ICT SYSTEMS IN USE FOR DRM ICTs for Disaster Prevention & Mitigation ICTs for Disaster Preparedness ICTs for Disaster Response ICTs for Disaster Recovery

21 DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION Project NOAH Advanced Remote Data Acquisition Units (arq) Hazard Mapping Nababaha.com Philvocs PhilVocs Programs Information portals

22 DISASTER PREVENTION & MITIGATION PROJECT NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) : Hydromet Sensors Development DREAM-LIDAR 3-D mapping Project Flood NET- Flood Modeling Project Hazards Information Media Enhancing Geo-Hazards Mapping through LIDAR Doppler System Development Landslide Sensors Development Project Storm Surge Inundation Mapping Project. Weather Information Integration for System Enhancement (WISE)

23 PROJECT NOAH

24 FLOOD HAZARD MAP (SOURCE: NABABAHA.COM)

25 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OCD s Disaster Information for National Awareness (Project DINA) PAGASA s Weather Forecasting Systems Rainfall Warning Thunderstorm Warning Early Warning and Monitoring for Flood National cellphone broadcast system

26 PROJECT DINA

27 WEATHER FORECASTING

28 WEATHER FORECASTING Example: National Cell Broadcast System

29 DISASTER RESPONSE NDRRMC s Intelligent Operations Center (IOC) Government Emergency Communication Program Resilient Networks and Reconfigurable IS for Rapidly Deployable Disaster Response NDRMO National Text Blast System ebayanihan Project Batingaw Mobile App

30 DISASTER RECOVERY Faith empathy Igov Phil

31 FOREIGN AID TRANSPARENCY HUB

32 EMPATHY

33 EMPATHY

34 LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Actual Philippine disaster risk reduction and management plan does not reflect the integrative characteristic of the UNISDR definition Currently biased towards natural and climate related disasters Capacities and systems need to be developed for other types of disasters (e.g. conflict, health, terrorism, financial) Philippine disaster framework poses an additional enforcement challenge There s already many laws and regulations in place to set standards and safeguards to minimize or avert damages due to disasters even prior to the CC Act and DRR Law. Need to rationalize all plans and examine the mandates of the responsible agencies to ensure that programs converge and synchronize in accordance with legislative intent and with the overall agenda for national development.

35 LESSONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 3. The Philippine Development Plan and the NDRRMP still see vulnerability as largely pertaining to natural hazards A more expansive definition of vulnerabilities is needed Requires revisiting what makes e-government Systems more resilient by viewing it in terms of Functional and Infrastructural needs. In particular: Degree of resiliency is dependent on the degree pro-activeness in addressing Critical Information Infrastructure protection beyond weather (e.g. power, terrorism, cyber security). This would also entail Development of government continuity plans Provision of redundancies in telecommunication, power, and data repositories Revisiting infra and information standards In Systems Functions (system cyber security) Develop system back-up (for all levels of government) Cyber security teams

36 SOURCES DOST DOST-ICTO (2014) Use of ICT on Disaster Management 1 st Joint workshop PPT presented, Mya 19, 2014 at EDSA Shangrila-Hotel Canillo, R. (2013) ICT for Disaster Risk Management. Workshop o ICT for Disaster Risk Mnaagment, Dec 11-12, 2013 at the Rembrandt Hotel, QC Pagasa website Office of Civil Defense Information Briefing on OCD Related ICT Activities Nababaha.com Poster from: