WHOSE GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS ARE MORE EFFECTIVE - THE US OR EUROPE? Dr. Tom Lawrence, PE, LEED-AP

Transcription

1 WHOSE GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS ARE MORE EFFECTIVE - THE US OR EUROPE? Dr. Tom Lawrence, PE, LEED-AP lawrence@engr.uga.edu

2 Green building related speaking events outside U.S. mainland High Performance Green Buildings and related topics are becoming a big focus around the globe

3 Introductions and Topics Covered 3 Codes, Standards, Rating Systems and Guidelines; a terminology issue Overview of U.S. current status Overview of EU (and UK) current status Brief discussion of others outside US and EU Discussion (vote?)

4 Codes, Standards, Rating Systems, Guides, etc.

5 How Green Building Practices are Moved Forward 5 Guidelines Suggestions for design that will result in improved performance (ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides, CIBSE Guides A-M) Rating systems (BREEAM, LEED, Green Globes, etc.) Generally voluntary, match design to specific credits Standards Criteria recognized as meeting acceptable requirements for a level of performance Codes Adopted by jurisdiction to be legally enforcable, minimum criteria

6 Overview of U.S. Programs

7 US Green Building Council - LEED 7 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Created in 1998 as voluntary, consensus-based, market-driven green-building certification system USGBC s primary intent: Transform the market Required for public buildings in majority of U.S. States Grown from whole building to include different building types and phases (Core and Shell, etc.)

8 General Process for Building Codes in the U.S. 8 The International Code Council was created in 1994 as merger of the original 3 regional organizations Standardized set of codes created and made available to the 50 states and jurisdictions. Some federal agencies (General Services Administration, State Dept., etc.) also adopt and enforce the I-Codes.

9 Standard and Int l Green Construction Code (IgCC) 9 Both ASHRAE and International Code Council created code intended, green building standards during later half of last decade ASHRAE Standard Design of High Performance Green Buildings initial release January 2010 International Green Construction Code initial 2012 IgCC is official process for code adoption by U.S. states Standard is contained as Appendix in IgCC Some cities are adopting now but growth is slow

10 ASHRAE Standard An optional compliance path ( Jurisdictional Compliance Option ) to the International Green Construction Code (IGCC) Official description of Standard within U.S.: compliance option of the International Green Construction Code. Choice of the project team to use IgCC or Std 189.1

11 Compare Standard to LEED 11 Standard 189.1: Voluntary vs. mandatory Improvement in all topical areas Pushes the envelope

12 Std and IgCC Approaches 12 Standard Combination of mandatory and then Prescriptive versus Performance path Local jurisdictional changes possible, but not as well structured for that Includes plans for operation as part of construction documentation IgCC Provides some selections of requirements to be made by local jurisdictions, and for whole building life cycle assessment in lieu of materials selection requirements

13 Coming in ASHRAE and ICC have agreed to merge the two programs ASHRAE responsible for technical criteria ICC will formulate in their normal code documentation style

14 National Association of Home Builders Developed as a simpler alternate to LEED for Homes Spreadsheet based rating, fill out and submit

15 Green Globes 1.Green Globes for New Construction guides the Integrated Design Process at each stage of project delivery. 2.Green Globes for Continual Improvement establishes the baseline, gives a current performance report, guides improvement.

16 Overview of EU / UK Programs

17 UK Programs Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM ) Began in 1990 Voluntary, market oriented, focus on overall environmental impact 2008 introduced Design stage and Post Construction, to supplement mandatory Benchmarks CO 2 emissions Also versions for outside UK Global Environmental Method (GEM), like Green Globes in U.S. Green Building Programs Worldwide - 17

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19 European Programs More focused on energy efficiency GreenBuilding Programme, launched by European Commission in 2005 Voluntary, aiming to improve energy efficiency in nonresidential buildings Closed down in October 2014 after benchmarking 1000 building, now focused on Positive Energy Buildings in support of EPBD recast.

20 European Green Building Programme From Switzerland:

21 European Green Building Programme France: Creating a supportive dynamic within the construction market that facilitates the building of comfortable, energy efficient buildings

22 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) Initiated 2002, effective 2006, recast Common methodology for calculating energy performance 2. Minimum standards on new and existing buildings 3. Certification of buildings and public display of certificates 4. Regular inspection of heating, cooling systems

23 23 EPBD Timeline

24 Outside of the U.S. and UK / EU

25 World Green Building Council 25 Network of national green building councils in more than one hundred countries Mission is to strengthen green building councils in member countries by championing their leadership and connecting them to a network of knowledge, inspiration and practical support

26 India First collaboration of USGBC outside US

27 Hong Kong Non-profit group made up of the Hong Kong: Institute of Architects; Institution of Engineers; Institute of Landscape Architects; Institute of Surveyors

28 Other Examples Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand now releasing their own programs

29 CIBSE Outreach 29 Canada China (Shanghai and Chongqing) Qatar Singapore Sri Lanka United Arab Emirates

30 Comparisons, discussions, commentary

31 Building Performance Scale 31 Code-minimum performance Some think that meeting building and energy codes is good or at least good enough Many of the registered green buildings are somewhere between Code Minimum and High Performance High-Performance Building

32 Compare EU and U.S. Approach for Energy Requirements 32 Implementation of the EPBD requires harmonizing standards for energy performance with different Member States In U.S., building codes are adopted and set by the various states One common standard (but different year versions) Federal government requirement for adoption of minimum energy efficiency (ASHRAE Standard ) Both European Union (EU) and the U.S. comprise a wide range of climate differences

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34 EU Approach More Structured (in theory) than in U.S. CEN BT TF 173 Energy ratings Overall energy use Modular Structure of CEN Standards CEN TC 156, TC 169, TC 228, TC 247 Technical building systems standards (System loss calculation) CEN TC 89, TC 156, TC 169, TC 228 Building services standards (Energy needs calculation) EN Energy Use Energy Needs From product standards to overall energy use Product is no longer evaluated as a product but as part of a system Maintain the links between product testing and system evaluation CEN TC 48, TC 57, TC89, TC 109, etc. Building or system products standards (Evaluation of product characteristics) Product Characteristics ASHRAE Standards and U.S. programs are slowly headed this way 34

35 Energy Labels Very Similar Sample EU ASHRAE 35

36 U.S. Energy Requirement Tiers 36 No energy code Government can t tell me what level of efficiency Minimum code performance International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) or ASHRAE Standard XXX Improved by XX% better than Standard 90.1 LEED certification, or other programs High-Performance Green Building ASHRAE Standard , IgCC Trend toward performance based, rather than prescriptive based

37 U.S. Adoption of Energy Codes by State November

38 Green Programs, Energy and Human Factors 38 Access Infrastructure E-Services Platforms & Standards Financial Assistance Knowledge Content Availability Knowledge Training Collaboration Societal Support from general public Politics Economic support Enforcement

39 39 So, which is better (who wins)?

40 Thank You! 40 Comments, questions, concerns, advice Dr. Tom Lawrence, P.E., LEED-AP