Microsoft SQL Server Week1

Transcription

1 Microsoft SQL Server Week1 Instructor: Name: David Muto Office: C236 Casa Loma Campus Tel: (416) x6645 Lecture Outline What is a Database? Types of Databases Database Applications Database Objects Structured Query Language (SQL) Microsoft SQL Server

2 Lecture Outline cont SQL Server 2000 Features Installing SQL Server 2000 Microsoft SQL Server Tools Creating Databases using EM Creating Databases using SQL Summary What is a database? A collection of organized data Usually optimized for fast searching and retrieving Examples: File Cabinet Rolodex MS Access SQL Server and Oracle 2

3 Types of Databases Flat File Databases MS Access, MS FoxPro, dbase, Text File Relational Databases SQL Server, Oracle, DB2, MySQL Object Orientated Databases Many open source applications Database Applications Databases can be used for many types of applications Applications that use databases range from small desktop applications to feature rich, scalable enterprise applications 3

4 Database Applications Examples of database applications include: Database Marketing Marketing or SPAM Help Desk Knowledge Base Etc Database Objects All databases have some intrinsic objects to store/display/manipulate data In this course we will be looking at SQL Server 2000 objects and others as needed 4

5 Database Objects SQL Server objects include: Tables Views Triggers Stored Procedures Constraints The Table Object The information stored in a database is stored in one or more tables Tables can be though of as the entities within the database Examples: Users AccessRoles ForumCategories 5

6 The Table Object cont Tables are made up of columns and rows Each column represents an attribute of the entity the table represents Example: The users table contains a username and password for every user The underlined words would be columns The Table Object cont Every row in a table represents and instance of an entity Example: The users table contains three rows Therefore there are three (different) users 6

7 The Table Object cont In order for a database to be useful there needs to be at least one table We will be looking at tables in more detail next week Views Views can be thought of as virtual tables Information is not actually stored in a view but rather a table However you can use the view as if it were a table 7

8 Views cont Views are useful when you need to access information from more than one table on a regular basis Instead of writing a very long query every time, you could just create a view once Views can be likened to saved queries in MS Access More on views in a few weeks Triggers Triggers are blocks of SQL that execute whenever a specific event occurs Triggers can run when: Before/After a record is inserted Before/After a record is updated Before/After a record is deleted 8

9 Triggers cont Some examples of triggers include: Send an whenever someone deletes a record from the orders table If someone attempts to delete a record, reinsert it Stored Procedures Compiled code within SQL Server. They (usually) contain more than one T-SQL statement. Used to speed up database operations. Are capable of doing more than just manipulating data 9

10 Constraints For any given field in a table you can place certain constraints to restrict that fields values The types of constraints are: Primary Key Foreign Key Unique Index Different from Others Constraints cont We will look at the different types of constraints in more detail as we get to them 10

11 Structured Query Language Pronounced S-Q-L or Sequel (original name was Structured English Query Language) Language for communicating with databases Deliberately made up of very few words SQL cont Easy to learn. All statements are made from descriptive English terms Despite apparent simplicity, actually quite powerful if used skillfully Standards are in place (ANSI SQL-92) Transact SQL (T-SQL) is Microsoft s proprietary version of SQL Includes Support for SQL Server System Functions and Stored Procedure syntax 11

12 When to use T-SQL From my experience Stick with standards as much as possible Limit use of special proprietary operations Keep your options open Microsoft SQL Server It is an entire suite of applications including: A fully functional Relational Database Management System Data Transformation Capabilities Advanced Search Function Capabilities Extensive Data Analysis Functionality 12

13 SQL Server 2000 Features Full-Text Search English Query Support Analysis Services Replication Management Data Transformation Services Security Authentication and Authorization Available Versions Microsoft Data Engine (MSDE) Personal Edition Small or Disconnected Databases Standard Edition Up to 4 Processors and 2GB of RAM Developer Edition Development Only (Same as Enterprise) Enterprise Edition Up to 32 Processors and 4GB of RAM. Large-scale databases 13

14 Hardware Support Symmetric Multiprocessor (SMP) Support Up to 32 processors Clustering Support 2 to 4 Servers (Depending on the OS) Minimum Requirements Pentium 166 Processor or BETTER 64MB SDRAM (128MB Recommended) 95MB 279MB Hard Drive Space Internet Explorer 5.0 or Later VGA Graphics Card (800 x 600) or higher 14

15 Installing SQL Server Installing SQL Server is no harder than installing Microsoft Office However there are a few things to keep in mind before installing Installing SQL Server Installation Steps: Insert to SQL Server CD Select SQL Server 2000 Components Select Install Database Server Select an Instance name or leave blank for Default Select an account to use to run the service 15

16 MS SQL Server Tools There are 2 tools used to create and manage database in SQL Server These are Enterprise Manager Query Analyzer Creating Databases using EM Open the Enterprise Manager 16

17 Creating Databases using EM Expand the list until you find the correct database instance. Creating Databases using EM Right click on Databases and Select New Database You should see a screen similar to this one. Enter the name for the database and click OK 17

18 Using the Query Analyzer Using the Query Analyzer you can create and modify databases using SQL Open the Query Analyzer and select the instance from the list Using the Query Analyzer After logging in using the following statement: CREATE DATABASE <Name>; GO USE <Name>; GO 18

19 Using the Query Analyzer Summary A database is collection of organized data Information in databases is stored in tables T-SQL is Microsoft s proprietary version of SQL-92 (ANSI standard) 19

20 Summary SQL Server is more than just a RDBMS Databases (and other objects) can be created using the Enterprise Manager (Wizards) or the Query Analyzer (SQL) There are 5 different editions of SQL Server