Tools for Scientific Writing with LAT E X. Johan Carlson

Transcription

1 Tools for Scientific Writing with LAT E X Johan Carlson Luleå University of Technology Dept. of CSEE EISLAB johanc@csee.ltu.se Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 1

2 Last lecture Bibliography references \bibitem The BIBTEX database system. Writing equations. Simple equations. Useful packages. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 2

3 BibTeX databases With \bibitem lists, the references have to be typeset manually. Since the style is different for different conferences and journals, this is not very effective. A better way of managing bibliography references is the BibTeX database system. All references are stored in a database file, and the reference list is created automatically, and typeset according to a specified template. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 3

4 Equations Simple one-line equations are defined with the equation environment. Refer to them with the \ref{eqlabel} command. Eq. (1) is given by N n=1 \begin{equation} \sum_{n=1}^{n} \frac{1}{n} x^{2}. \label{eq:myfirsteq} \end{equation} 1 n x2. (1) Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 4

5 Multiline equation environments There are several multi-line equation environments in the amsmath package. They all have different row alignment properties. The * means unnumbered equation. eqnarray and eqnarray* multline and multline* split and split* gather and gather* See book for details. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 5

6 Inline math It is also possible to write inline math, that is, inside the text. Let us define f(x 1, x 2 ) = x x 2 2, where x 1 = and x 2 = π... π. Let us define $f(x_1,x_2)=x_1^2+x_2^2$, where $x_1=1\ldots 5$ and $x_2=-\pi \ldots \pi$. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 6

7 Today s lecture Tables and matrices. Presentations in L A T E X. Tweaking the layout. Assigning final projects. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 7

8 Tables Tables are floating objects, just like figures. the table environment declares the float, its caption, and its label. The table* environment creates a two-column table (same with figure*. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{this is the table caption.\label{tab:table1}}... actual table contents... \end{table} Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 8

9 Tables (continued) The float declaration does not create a table with text. This is done with the tabular environment. \begin{table}[ht] \caption{this is the table caption.\label{tab:table1}} \begin{tabular}{ l c c c } \hline 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 \\ \hline 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\ \hline 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 \\ \hline \end{tabular} \end{table} Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 9

10 Table 1: This is the table caption Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 10

11 Lines and alignment in tabular environments Specifying the placement of the table is equivalent to figure placement. Lines and alignment is specified in the tabular environment. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 11

12 Matrices and vectors Matrices and vectors are written inside of an equation environment or sometimes as inline math. y 1 x 11 x 12 x 13 θ 1 y 2 = x 21 x 22 x 23 θ 2 y 3 x 31 x 32 x 33 θ 3 Use the array environment, similar to the tabular environment. See the book for details. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 12

13 Matrices and vectors (continued) \left[ \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & x_{13} \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & x_{23} \\ x_{31} & x_{32} & x_{33} \end{array} \right] Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 13

14 Presentations in pdflat E X All slides in this course was prepared using the ltuslides package. The source code for the slides is available at the course web page. The package requires pdfl A T E X. pdfl A T E X requires all figures to be PDF, JPEG, or TIFF. Another example presentation is provided with the package. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 14

15 Presentations in pdflat E X (continued) Things to keep in mind: Do not use floats, i.e. the figure and table environment, since you need absolute control of where objects are placed. Use tabular and \includegraphics directly. For further control of where things are placed, check out the \parbox and \minipage commands. There is one example of \parbox usage in the example included in the package. This presentation contains several examples of how to use the \minipage command. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 15

16 Presentations There are several other packages available for creating presentations, that do not require pdfl A T E X. The seminar package (included in the standard L A T E X distribution. The prosper package. REALLY NICE! Can be found at prosper.sourceforge.net Note: There will be no LTU version for these packages unless someone wants to make it. I ll trade a pizza for a LTU prosper package! Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 16

17 Tweaking the layout There are many variables that can be change in order to change the layout. Some affect the whole document (global) and some are local adjustments. Global settings Margins and text area Line spacing Object separation Float variables Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 17

18 Tweaking the layout (continued) Global settings \topmargin, \oddsidemargin, \evensidemargin, \textheight, \textwidth, \columnwidth \baselinestretch Line spacing. \itemsep, \belowcaptionskip, \abovecaptionskip \topfraction, \bottomfraction, \topnumber Controls how many and how much of a page that can be occupied by floats. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 18

19 Setting variables Some variables are defined as commands and some as variables. Others are counters. These are modified with different commands \renewcommand \variablename=newvalue \setcounter{\countername}{newvalue} Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 19

20 Local adjustments Sometimes an extra space has to be added (or removed). \vspace and \vskip Vertical space. \hspace and \hskip Horizontal space. Note: The commands \vspace and \hspace can take negative arguments removing a space. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 20

21 Cheats and hacks What do I do when my conference paper is half a column too long? Rewrite the text :-) Change font to times by adding \usepackage{times} to the document preamble. Change \baselinestretch to 0.9 (slightly shrink the row spacing). Change the \belowcaptionskip and \abovecaptionskip variables (possibly to negative values). Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 21

22 Final projects? Pick a suitable project and report to me before Wednesday next week. Indicate when you plan to present the result to me. Tools for Scientific Writing Lecture no. 3 22