LATEX. Leslie Lamport. Digital Equipment Corporation. Illustrations by Duane Bibby. v ADDISON-WESLEY

Transcription

1 LATEX A Document Preparation System User's Guide and Reference Manual Leslie Lamport Digital Equipment Corporation Illustrations by Duane Bibby v ADDISON-WESLEY Boston San Francisco New York Toronto Montreal London Munich Paris Madrid Capetown Sidney Tokyo Singapore Mexico City

2 Contents Preface xv 1 Getting Acquainted How to Avoid Reading This Book How to Read This Book The Game of the Name Turning Typing into Typography Why LATEX? Turning Ideas into Input Trying It Out 8 2 Getting Started Preparing an Input File The Input Sentences and Paragraphs 13 Quotation Marks 13 Dashes 14 Space After a Period 14 Special Symbols 15 Simple Text-Generating Commands 15 Emphasizing Text 16 Preventing Line Breaks 17 Footnotes 17 Formulas 18 Ignorable Input The Document 19 The Document Class 19 The Title "Page" Sectioning Displayed Material 23 Quotations 24 Lists 24

3 vi 3 Poetry Displayed Formulas Declarations 2.3 Running LATEX 2.4 Helpful Hints 2.5 Summary Carrying On 3.1 Changing the Type Style 3.2 Symbols from Other Languages Accents Symbols 3.3 Mathematical Formulas Some Common Structures Subscripts and Superscripts Fractions Roots Ellipsis Mathematical Symbols Greek Letters Calligraphic Letters A Menagerie of Mathematical Symbols Log-like Functions Arrays The array Environment Vertical Alignment More Complex Arrays Delimiters Multiline Formulas Putting One Thing Above Another Over- and Underlining Accents Stacking Symbols Spacing in Math Mode Changing Style in Math Mode Type Style Math Style When All Else Fails 3.4 Defining Commands and Environments Defining Commands Defining Environments Theorems and Such 3.5 Figures and Other Floating Bodies

4 vii Figures and Tables Marginal Notes Lining It Up in Columns The t abbing Environment The tabular Environment Simulating Typed Text 63 4 Moving Information Around The Table of Contents Cross-References Bibliography and Citation Using BIBTEX Doing It Yourself Splitting Your Input Making an Index or Glossary Compiling the Entries Producing an Index or Glossary by Yourself Keyboard Input and Screen Output Sending Your Document 77 5 Other Document Classes Books Slides Slides and Overlays Notes Printing Only Some Slides and Notes Other Text Letters 84 6 Designing It Yourself Document and Page Styles Document-Class Options Page Styles The Title Page and Abstract Customizing the Style Line and Page Breaking Line Breaking Page Breaking Numbering Length, Spaces, and Boxes Length Spaces Boxes 103 LR Boxes 104

5 viii Parboxes 104 Rule Boxes 106 Raising and Lowering Boxes 107 Saving Boxes Formatting with Boxes Centering and "Flushing" List-Making Environments The list Environment The t riviist Environment Fonts Changing Type Size Special Symbols Pictures and Colors Pictures The picture Environment Picture Objects 120 Text 120 Boxes 120 Straight Lines 122 Arrows 123 Stacks 123 Circles 124 Ovals and Rounded Corners 124 Framing Curves Grids Reusing Objects Repeated Patterns Some Hints an Drawing Pictures The graphics Package Color Errors Finding the Error I4TE,X's Error Messages TEX's Error Messages LATEX Warnings TEX Warnings 147 A Using Makelndex 149 A.1 How to Use Makelndex 150 A.2 How to Generate Index Entries 150 A.2.1 When, Why, What, and How to Index 150

6 ix A.2.2 The Basics 151 A.2.3 The Fine Print 153 A.3 Error Messages 154 B The Bibliography Database 155 B.1 The Format of the bib File 156 B.1.1 The Entry Format 156 B.1.2 The Text of a Field 157 Names 157 Titles 158 B.1.3 Abbreviations 158 B.1.4 Cross-References 159 B.2 The Entries 160 B.2.1 Entry Types 160 B.2.2 Fields 162 C Reference Manual 165 C.1 Commands and Environments 166 C.1.1 Command Names and Arguments 166 C.1.2 Environments 167 C.1.3 Fragile Commands 167 C.1.4 Declarations 168 C.1.5 Invisible Commands and Environments 169 C.1.6 The \\ Command 169 C.2 The Structure of the Document 170 C.3 Sentences and Paragraphs 170 C.3.1 Making Sentences 170 C.3.2 Making Paragraphs 171 C.3.3 Footnotes 172 C.3.4 Accents and Special Symbols 173 C.4 Sectioning and Table of Contents 174 C.4.1 Sectioning Commands 174 C.4.2 The Appendix 175 C.4.3 Table of Contents 175 C.4.4 Style Parameters Classes, Packages, and Page Styles 176 C.5.1 Document Class 176 C.5.2 Packages 178 C.5.3 Page Styles 179 C.5.4 The Title Page and Abstract 181 C.6 Displayed Paragraphs 183 C.6.1 Quotations and Verse 184 C.6.2 List-Making Environments 184