Mobile Development A Whirlwind Tour!

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Delilah McLaughlin
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1 Mobile Development A Whirlwind Tour! Priya Rajagopal! Principal Software Engineer, Barracuda Networks! Blog: Girl Develop It, Ann Arbor June,

2 It s Here to Stay Source:Comscore,Inc. money.cnn.com 2

3 Worldwide 3% 1% Marketshare US 15% 3%3% 81% 42% 52% Android ios Windows Phone Others Source:IDC, 2014 Q1, Nielsen Media Insights Android ios Windows Phone Others 3

4 Many Options.. Android ios Windows Other Mobile Websites Mobile Apps Web Apps Native Apps Hybrid Apps Cross Platform Tools Native Tools 4

5 Mobile Websites 5

6 Mobile Websites (1of2) Mobile version of corresponding Desktop website Subset of functions Optimized for smaller screen sizes & UI controls Discoverable through the web searches Looks and Feels like a website ( Of course) Browser chrome - Links, browser back button Unified UI across your mobile platforms Subject to Browser Feature Set Implementation Web development skills HTML, CSS, JS, JQuery Lower Development Costs (at least initially) 6

7 Mobile Websites (2 of 2) No app approval process, no content restrictions, no subscription fees Typically no device specific capabilities No Background Notifications No Background Operations Responsive Web Design 7

8 Responsive Web Design Forget fixed layouts per screen size/resolution No m.mywebsite.com redirects Content dynamically adjusts to screen size, resolution, orientation Load different stylesheets/layouts based on CSS3 Media Queries (width, height, resolution.) Fluid/ Flexible layouts/ Grids Resizable images HTML5 8

9 Source: 9

10 Mobile Web Apps 10

11 Mobile Web Apps (1 of 2) More self contained compared to mobile web sites & task specific Launched from and runs in mobile web browser Built using web technologies (HTML, CSS, JS ), AngularJS, Sencha Touch, jquery Mobile /Backbone.js Responsive Web Design Discoverable through the web searches Experience more like a native mobile app than a website Designed specifically for mobile devices, UX more native app looking Unified look across all mobile platforms Subject to Browser Implementation No app approval process, no content restrictions, no subscription fees 11

12 Mobile Web Apps (2 of 2) Lower Development Costs (at least initially) No Background Notifications No Background Operations HTML5 Device API support Available : AV, offline storage, geolocation, webgl, orientation API APIs for hardware access & advanced capabilities evolving /NA (NFC, ibeacons, advanced gestures, ) State of HTML5 standardization Standard is in Candidate Recommendation state Work ongoing on HTML 5.1- draft form Variances in feature support across browsers Standards do not keep up with pace of platform feature evolution 12

13 13

14 Mobile Native Apps 14

15 Mobile Native Apps (1of 2) Self contained, task specific Platform Identity Look & feel, UX targeted to a specific platform Platform specific SDKs, toolchains & dev. environments Xcode / ios, Android Studio/ Eclipse/ Java, Visual Studio/ C#... Robust tools - debuggers, code analyzers, Superior Documentation /Support Forums * Distributed through App Stores Launched from your home screen Subject to : Subscription Fees, App Approval Process, Content restrictions.. * compared to some open source frameworks 15

16 Mobile Native Apps (2 of 2) Higher development costs (at least initially) Background Notifications Background Operations Audio Player, Location Apps, Network Services Superior Performance / Responsiveness Compared to websites, webapps or Hybrid Apps Access to entire gamut of platform capabilities Without the wait 16

17 ios All Logos and Trademarks are property of the respective owners 17

18 Adoption of ios Releases ios8 announced at WWDC Coming in Fall. Source: developer.apple.com 18

19 The Dev Cycle (ios) Use free Apple Id to download free Development Environment Develop and Test on simulators Register for paid* Developer Account to test on real devices & submit to App Store Submit to App Store App Review Cycle Reviewed Apps published in Apple App Store Xcode5 (Xcode 6 prerel) download from Mac App Store. Requires Mac w/ OS X 10.8 or higher (Xcode 6 requires 10.9 or higher) Xcode IDE, Interface Builder, Debuggers, Analyzers, Instruments Objective-C/C++, C, Swift (Pre-rel) Dev/Individual ($99/year). Enterprise ($299/year) Education (Free) Automated validation occurs during submission Includes Real person reviews. Not QA. Typical review cycle : 1 week. Prepare for rejections and resubmissions Join over million apps in App Store 19

20 ios Platform Architecture App% App% Cocoa%Touch% % Media% % % Core%Services% % % Core%OS% % Gestures,%Touch%events,%accelerometer,% camera%,%no9fica9ons,%mul9tasking,% GameKit,%Addressbook % AV%Founda9on,%MoviePlayer,%Core% Graphics,%openGL%ES% Network,%Loca9on,%Telephony,% Security,%Core%Data,%SQLite,%WebKit,% GCD% Threads,%File%IO,%sockets,%security,% memory%mgmt.% Hardware% 20

21 Android All Logos and Trademarks are property of the respective owners 21

22 Adoption of Android Releases Source: developer.android.com 22

The Dev Cycle (Android) Download free Development Environment (no Account needed) Download Eclipse + Android Dev Tools (ADT) plugin from http://developer.android.com/sdk/.

23 The Dev Cycle (Android) Download free Development Environment (no Account needed) Download Eclipse + Android Dev Tools (ADT) plugin from Newer option is Android Studio (IntelliJ IDEA) Windows (XP+), Mac OSX (10.5+), Linux Develop and test on emulators and real devices Register a paid Google Play Store Account (if submitting to Play Store*) IDE, Android SDK, Platform Tools, Emulators, Debuggers, Analyzers. Java/C++ Fragmentation considerations- Cloud Testing & Beta Testing options A one time fee of $25 Submit App to Play Store Automated Validation & basic scanning of apps. Process done almost immediately App published in Play Store Join over 1.2 M apps in Google Play Store * You can distribute your Android apps through any Android store incl. your own website. There are caveats. 23

24 Android Platform Architecture Source: 24

25 Windows All Logos and Trademarks are property of the respective owners 25

Adoption of Windows Phone Source: http://blog.adduplex.

26 Adoption of Windows Phone Source: 26

27 The Dev Cycle (Windows) Use free Microsoft Account to download free Development Tools Register for free Developer License. Develop and test on emulators & registered devices Register for paid Windows Store Account (Developer account). Submit to App Store App Certification Cycle App certified and published in Windows Store Download Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 from Need Windows bit system Expires monthly/ 3 months. Keep renewing Visual Studio IDE, Windows 8 SDK, Emulators, Blend, Debuggers, Analyzers. C#, Visual Basic w/ XAML, C++ w/ XAML Dev/Individual ($19year). Company ($99/year) Free w/ MSDN subscription Automated validation occurs during submission Includes Real person reviews. Review cycle : 1 day or so. Prepare for rejections and resubmissions Join over 400,000 apps (Phone and Desktop) 27

28 Windows Phone* 8.1 Architecture WinJS ** (HTML/JS) XAML (C#/ VB, C++) DirectX (C++) Platform APIs (Networking, Audio, Video ) Win RT.Net Base Class Library Win32 Windows NT Kernel 28 * It is possible to build a universal app that targets phones and desktops with common code ** Windows Phone 8 did not support WinJS - so native JS apps not possible unless hybrid.

29 Cross Platform Native All Logos and Trademarks are property of the respective owners 29

30 Xamarin (1 of 2) Mono : Open Source Implementation of.net Framework Xamarin.ios (Mono Touch) and Xamarin.Android (Mono Android) Develop apps in C# (Xamarin 3 has F# support) ios, Android, Windows Cross Compiled to Native ios : Ahead Of Time Compilation Android : Just In Time Compilation MS Visual Studio or Xamarin Studio IDE (Free) Developing a Native App in C# Performance equivalent of native apps contains bindings for nearly the entire underlying platform SDKs in both ios and Android Common language, tools for development across platforms 30

31 Xamarin (2 of 2) Shared Code base across platforms (business logic). UI targeted to specific platform. Xamarin.forms/ XAML for common UI Free Starter Edition Different pricing tiers (Indie Developer, Business, Enterprise) Dependency on third party Dev Deal with potential bugs within Xamarin itself. Evolving platform API Bindings not available as soon as beta release of new OS version is out Although highly unlikely, native platform vendors may change policies regarding use of cross platform tools 31

32 Xamarin Mono Architecture Android UI (XML, c# bindings) ios UI (storyboards, nibs, C# bindings) Windows UI (XAML,c# bindings) Shared Code in c# (Business /app logic) Common Intermediate Language (CIL) JIT Xamarin.Android Runtime (CLR) AOT Xamarin.ios Runtime (CLR).Net Runtime (CLR) Android ios Windows Phone 32

33 Hybrid Apps 33

34 Hybrid Apps (1 of 2) Self contained / Task Specific Between Web Apps and Native Apps Goal to leverage benefits of both Cross-platform apps written in JS/ HTML/ CSS Web Technologies Access to native platform capabilities through JS API Web-Native Bridge/proxy Downloadable from App Stores Launched from your home screen Subject to : Subscription Fees, App Approval Process, Content restrictions.. Lower Development Costs (at least initially) 34

35 Hybrid Apps (2 of 2) Background Notifications Support Background Support Reliance on a third party framework/ tool Playing catch up with new native platform features.. Effectiveness of Development tools/debuggers, Support, Documentation may vary Potential App Store rejections of apps * What if they cease platform support? * 35

36 Apache Cordova/ PhoneGap All Logos and Trademarks are property of the respective owners 36

37 Apache Cordova/PhoneGap Free, Open Source Apache 2.0 license Managed by Apache Software Foundation ios, Android, Windows Write code in JS/HTML/ CSS UI - JQuery Mobile, Sencha Touch, Any other JS framework Typically single page apps Web App wrapped within a Native Container App rendered using Native web content viewer (UIWebView, ) Performance implications. Web views lack JS optimizations 37

38 Apache Cordova/PhoneGap PhoneGap Bridge communicate from/to JS to/from Native Device API set exposed as JS API Native extensions Unsupported Native Extensions? Extensible framework Native Plugins : Implement your own or third party Expose JS API for your plugin Implement plugin in platform native language (ObjC, Java) Hook into the Cordova Bridge for JS/ Native communication 38

39 Credit: 39

40 Appcelerator Titanium 40

41 Appcelerator Titanium Philosophy: Write once, Adapt everywhere. Certain components are platform independent and can be reused. Certain elements such as UI are best handled native. Free, Open Source Apache 2.0 license Titanium Enterprise edition that s paid ios, Android Write code in JS using Titanium Studio SDK Native elements implemented in native language and exposed via JS API Device API set exposed as JS API JS code is packaged within native app along with JS engine (JavaScriptCore, Rhino/V8) 41

42 Appcelerator Titanium During runtime, JS engine executes your code, uses proxy objects to bridge between JS world and native world Performance implications Unsupported Features? Extensible framework Can write native module extensions Need knowledge of native language/ SDK May be non trivial Third party module extensions may be available Check license and pricing Native UI elements => code potentially littered with ios and Android special cases 42

43 Appcelerator Titanium Architecture Credit: 43

44 Other Relevant Considerations 44

45 Cloud Services Parse, Microsoft Azure, Urban Airship, Apple CloudKit (coming Fall 14) App Marketing App Monetization (if desired) Fixed Price, Freemium, Ad-Supported Analytics Google Analytics, Flurry, Google Play Analytics, itunes Connect Analytics (coming Fall 14) User Feedback /Engagement Apptentive, HockeyApp Crash Reporting Crashlytics,HockeyApp, itunes Connect Crash Reporting (coming Fall 14) 45

46 So which way do I go? It Depends 46

47 ! Purpose of the app and Capabilities Graphic Intensive Game, Data Driven Productivity, AV Editor App, High Performance, Background Notifications, Background Support, ibeacons, NFC, Offline Access, Advanced device features Internal Enterprise or External Longevity of app (for a one time event or long term use) Maintenance Costs Resources Budget, Headcount 47

48 Development Time Constraints Existing Development Skills Web developer, C/C++, Java, C#, Targeted mobile platforms App Distribution channel Requirements Established Brand, Indie Developer Maybe you are looking to learn something new All skills are in high demand - so you won t go wrong 48

49 For More Info

50 A Few Local Groups Mobile Monday Ann Arbor - Detroit- Grand Rapids - Lansing - Girl Develop It Ann Arbor - Detroit - CocoaHeads CocoaHeads Ann Arbor - CocoaHeads Detroit - CocoaHeads MotorCity - Android GDG-A3 Windows.Net Grand Rapids SouthField

51 Thank you and now Lets go and build some apps! Priya Rajagopal 51

Mobile Technologies. Types of Apps

Mobile Technologies. Types of Apps Mobile Technologies Types of Apps What is mobile? Devices and their capabilities It s about people Fundamentally, mobile refers to the user, and not the device or the application. Barbara Ballard, Designing