Lecture 10 Code Reuse
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1 Lecture 10 Code Reuse Computer and Network Security 4th of December 2017 Computer Science and Engineering Department CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 1/23
2 Defense Mechanisms static & dynamic analysis ASCII armored address space stack guard, canary value DEP: Data Execution Prevention ASLR: Address Space Layout Randomization CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 2/23
3 Data Execution Prevention writable code may not be executed stack, heap, data, bsss you cannot (easily) inject code (and run it) CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 3/23
4 Code Reuse use existing code text and library text interesting to use/call functions smaller pieces may also be used no need to inject code CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 4/23
5 return-to-libc call existing library functions canonical exploit is calling system("/bin/sh") in libc code pointer is overwriten with address of library function CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 5/23
6 Return-Oriented Programming use smaller pieces of code pieces are called ROP gadgets, ending in ret instruction payload consists of data on stack and pointers to ROP gadgets CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 6/23
7 Outline return-to-libc Return-Oriented Programming CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 7/23
8 High-level View call functions in libraries (libc) call system("/bin/sh") for a shell call puts() for information leak CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 8/23
9 Steps in a ret-to-libc attack buffer overflow required identify function addresses and addresses of arguments (such as the /bin/sh string) ovewrite code pointer with function address place arguments on stack CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 9/23
10 Sample Payloads for ret-to-libc attack padding + overwrite_lib_address + irrelevant_ret_address + arg1 + arg offset*"a" + p32(system_address) + 4*"B" + p32(bin_sh_address) offset*"a" + p32(write) + 4*"B" + p32(1) + p32(buf_address) + p32(buf_len) CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 10/23
11 Protecting Against ret-to-libc Attacks use ASLR to randomize function addresses in library use stack canary need information leak to bypass protection mechanisms CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 11/23
12 ret-to-libc Shortcomings cannot chain multiple calls due to stack limitations function calls may be too coarse; you may need smaller chunks CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 12/23
13 Outline return-to-libc Return-Oriented Programming CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 13/23
14 Remember ret Instruction pop instruction/code pointer from stack code pointer was placed by call instruction or by exloit payload CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 14/23
15 pop-ret a sequence: data + code pointer on the stack is used by a pop; ret sequence e.g.: pop eax; ret: place data in eax and pop instruction pointer from stack you may use pop2-ret or pop3-ret etc. CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 15/23
16 Freeing the Stack chain together multiple functions after calling a function do a pop-ret or popx-ret to free function arguments CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 16/23
17 ROP Payloads offset*"a" + p32(puts) + p32(pop_ret_gadget) + p32(puts_string_address) offset*"a" + p32(write) + p32(pop3_ret_gadget) + p32(1) + p32(buf) + p32(buf_len) CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 17/23
18 Return Oriented Programming using function calls + ret-based calls to chain together code reuse chunks makes use of ROP gadgets is a Turing-complete language CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 18/23
19 ROP Gadget small sequences ending in ret use ROPgadget tool (comes with pwntools) use ropgadget or ropsearch or asmsearch in PEDA CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 19/23
20 ROP Chain chain together function calls + ROP gadgets do information leak, rewrites, open sockets, run shells CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 20/23
21 Use Cases leak information: variables, addresses open shell call mprotect() to disable DEP and then inject shellcode CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 21/23
22 Keywords DEP code reuse return-to-libc ROP ROP gadget ROP chain ROPgadget CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 22/23
23 References Shacham/BH_US_08_Shacham_Return_Oriented_ Programming.pdf practical-rop.pdf introduction-to-return-oriented-programming-rop. html CSE Dep, ACS, UPB Lecture 10, Code Reuse 23/23
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